大学英语综合教程第三册-Unit7-课件

Unit7MakingaLiving

TextALifeofaSalesmanTextBBricklay’sBoyUnit7MakingaLivingPartIObjectivesPartIITheAuthorPartIIICulturalNotesPartIVTextOrganizationPartVLanguageStudyPartVIWritingCharacteristicsPartVIIActivitiesPartVIIIAfter-textExercisesPartIXWritingStrategyTeachingOutlinePartIObjectivesTea

Studentswillbeableto:1.understandthemainidea(BillPorterthesalesmanwillnevergivein)andstructureofthetext(4parts,2flashbacks);2.appreciatethecharacteristicsofjournalisticwriting;3.graspthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;4.conductaseriesofreading,listening,speaking,andwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunitPartIObjectivesStudentswillbeableto:PPartIITheAuthorTom

HallmanJr.

isaseniorreporterspecializinginfeaturesatTheOregonian.Hejoinedthepaperin1980andcoveredthepolicebeatforadecade,longerthananyreportersincethe1950s.Whilecoveringcops,Hallmanbeganwritingfeaturestories--atfirstoffthebeat,thenthestoriesofeverydaypeople.HewasaPulitzerPrizefinalistinbeatreportingin1995andinfeaturewritingin1999.HehaswontheErniePyleAwardforhuman-interestwriting,theASNEDistinguishedWritingAwardfornondeadlinewriting(twice),thefeature-writingawardfromtheSocietyofProfessionalJournalistsandtheLivingstonAwardforYoungJournalists.PartIITheAuthorTomHallmanLifeofaSalesman

Betrayedbyacrippledbodythatleaveshimincontinualpain,betrayedbyachangingworldthatnolongerneedshim,BillPortereachdaytrudgeshisdoor-to-doorsalesterritory,setonmakinghiswayintheworld

Sunday,November19,1995TheportraitofBillPorterLifeofaSalesmanBetrayed

PartIIICulturalNotes

Salesmanship:Salespromotionisanelementofthemarketingprocessthatcanclosethesaleofgoodsorservicestoapotentialcustomerbyprovidingtheincentivetomakeapositivepurchasingdecision.Salespromotion,advertising,andsalesmanshiparethemajortechniquesusedinmerchandisingproductstothepublic.Salesmanshipoftentakestheformofaface-to-faceencounterbetweenthebuyerandseller;thepresentationissetuptoconvincecustomersthattheproductonsaleisessentialtotheirsatisfaction.Thelackofpersonalfeedbackbetweenbuyerandsellerissometimesconsideredadrawbackoftheadvertisingapproach.Sellingbytelephone,althoughitissignificantlylesseffectivethanpersonalselling,isstillconsideredanimportantmethodofmerchandising.Inthe1980s,agrowingpromotionaltechniqueinvolvedin-homeshoppingprogramsusingcabletelevisionchannels.Inrecentyears

withthehelpoftheInternetonlineshoppingisbecomingpopular.PartIIICulturalNotes

Thetravelingsalesmanappearedlateinthe19thcenturybothinEuropeandintheU.S.Theearlyitinerantpeddlercardedhisgoodsonhisbackoronhishorse,workinghiswayfromaportcitythroughthehinterlands.Withthecomingoftherailroadandtheassurancegiventosellersbynewcredit-reportingsystems,salesmenwiththeirsamplecasesmovedacrosstheland.Persuasiveskillwaslessimportantinthosedaysofunsatisfieddemand,andorderswerereadilyforthcoming.By1900,however,withtheincreasingsupplyofmanufacturedgoods,buyersbecamemorediscriminatingintheirpurchases.Greaterattentionwasgiventotrainingthesalesforceandtoprovidingbuyerincentives.Thegrowthofindustrializationandurbanlivingledtothedevelopmentofmerchandisingasamajorbusinessendeavor.Theuseofsalespromotionpracticesexperiencedsteadygrowthinthe20thcentury.Thetravelingsalesmanappea

Thetechniquesofsalespromotionareusedbothtomotivatesalespersonstoimprovetheirperformanceandtoinduceconsumerstopurchasegoodsandservices.Althoughsalespromotionworksmostcloselywithadvertising,itisalsorelatedtootherelementsofmarketing:productionservices,packaging,price,anddistribution.Atthemanufacturingandwholesalelevelsofdistribution,themethodsusedtomotivatepersonneltomeetspecificgoalsusuallyfallintotwocategories--salesincentiveprizes(suchasmerchandise,travel,orcashawards)andsalescontests.Botharebaseduponthesalespersonreachinganobjectiveabovethenormalsalesquota.Thetechniquesofsalesprom

Consumerpromotionsencompassawidevarietyoftechniques,includingsamplingofgoodsorservices,storeredeemable“money-off”couponstoencouragethetrialofproducts,specialprice-reducedpackages,mail-inpremiummerchandiseoffers,cashorcouponrefundsbymail,specialproductpackaging,contests,andsweepstakes.Duringrecessionaryperiods,whenthedemandforconsumerexpendabledollarsbecomesmorecompetitive,thereisgreaterparticipationinrefund,coupon,andpremiumoffers.MorethanhalfthehouseholdsintheU.S.takeadvantageofsomesalespromotionofferseachyear.Salespromotion,nowfullyrecognizedasavitalelementinthemarketingmix,hasbecomeamultibilliondollarindustry.Inrecentyears,salespromotionexpenditureshaveexceededmoniesspentonadvertisingandtherearestrongindicationsthatthispatternofgrowthwillcontinuetomaintainitseconomicedge.ConsumerpromotionsencompasPartIVTextOrganizationccccPartIVTextOrganizationccccStructurePartsParagraphsTimeoftheDayBill’sActivitiesI1-7EarlymorningPreparationfortheday’sworkII8-25Mid-morningOnhiswaytoworkIII26-62DayDoor-to-doorsellingVI63-84EveningPaperworkStructurePartsParagraphsTimeo

PartVLanguageStudy

Wordsandexpressions

Linger:

a)spendalongtimedoingsth.Examples:

Tolingerlongoverone’smealisgoodtoone’shealth.Therewillbenotimetolinger-itwillsoonbedark.b)stayforalongtime,esp.becauseonedoesnotwanttoleaveExamples:

Shelingeredaftertheconcert,hopingtomeetthestar.Recentlysomeoneisalwayslingeringaroundourneighborhood.Ihavegiventhebeggarmuchrice,butheisstilllingeringabout/on.PartVLanguageStudy

Wordsandexpressionsscar:n.amarkleftontheskinbyawound,burn,etc.afterithashealedExamples:

Itiseasytorecognizethelittleboybecausehehasascaronhisleftarm.Thewitnesstoldthepolicethatthecriminalhadascaronhisforehead.vt.leaveascaronExamples:Theburnsweresoseverethathewillbescarredforlife.Herfacewasscarredbysmallpox.

Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsdignity:

thequalityofbeingworthyofhonororrespectExamples:

Aphysicianshallbededicatedtoprovidingcompetentmedicalservicewithcompassionandrespectforhumandignity.Somethinkthatclonedhumanbeingswillbedeprivedoffreedomordignityorpersonalidentity.Theyholdontothefaiththatthevalueoflifedependsonitsdignityandnotitssuccess.

Wordsandexpressionscripple:v.causetobecomeunabletomoveorwalkproperlyExamples:

Crippledpeopleshouldnotbediscriminated.Marywascrippledbyacaraccident.b)damageorharm(sb./sth.)seriouslyExamples:

Theshipwascrippledbyastorm.Thebusinesshasbeencrippledbylosses.n.alamepersonWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsbetray:show

alackofloyaltyto;giveorshow(sb./sth.)toanenemyExamples:Hiswifebetrayshim.Thetraitorbetrayedhiscountryduringthewar.Itturnedoutthathe

betrayedmyplantotheopponent.Betraythepottotheroses.:revealthesecret.Derivatives:betrayaln.betrayerWordsandexpressionsWordsandexpressionsgainon:comecloserto,esp.arivalorsth.pursued

Examples:

Peterisgainingontheleaderintherace.TheSocialistsaregainingontheConservativesintheopinionpolls.Usage:

gainon/upon(nopassiveform)Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionstremble:shakefromcold,fear,weakness,etc.Examples:

Herhandsgrewverycoldandtrembledsothatshecouldhardlyholdtheflag.Madisonwasextremelypaleandtrembledexcessivelyashebeganhisinauguraladdress.Formuchofthedaythepavementstremblefromtheweightofpassingtraffic.Usage:tremblewith…；tremblefor…；trembletodo……就担心害怕Examples:Itrembledtothinkwhathadhappenedtothenuclearreactor.我一想到那个核反应堆所发生过的事就担心不已。Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionskickup:removesthbykickingExamples:Ahorsekickedupadustwhilerunning.b)(causeto)rise,cause,inspireExamples:Sheisalwayskickingupafuss.Relatedphrases:kickabout=kickaround:object,detest;treatsbroughlykickoff:begin(agame,speech,etc.)kickabout／around:putasidewithoutbeingused;throwawaykickagainst／atsth.:oppose,rebelkicksb.out：dropoutof(school,home,etc.)Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionstilt:v.(causeto)moveintoaslopingpositionExamples:Thepilotcantiltthehelicopterforward,backward,ortoeitherside.Inthenorthernhemisphere,thesunclimbshighintheskyandthedaysarelonginsummer,whenthenorthernendoftheearth’saxisistiltedtowardthesun.n.Examples:TheleaningTowerofPisaisrenownedforitsmarkedtiltTheamountofdaylightinadayvariesthroughouttheyear,basedonthetiltofEarth’saxis.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressions

lean:v.(causeto)moveintoaslopingposition;bendExamples:Myfatherleanedtheladderagainstthewall.Thepostleansalittlebit.Justleanforwardforawhile,please.producinglittleofvalue;containinglittleornofatExamples:TheU.S.A.issufferingfromaleanyear.TherecessionandleanfamilybudgetsistroublingsomeAmericans.Itisgoodtoeatveryleanandtendermeat.Nowadayssomegirlsaresoleanthattheyareeasytocatchacold.Lastmonthwasaleanseasonforgoodfilms.Wordsandexpressions

WordsandexpressionsDistinguish:lean，thin，slimandslender:lean→thin,lackingfate.g.aleanhorsethin→theantonymoffat,causedbyhungerordiseasee.g.athinmanslimandslender→referredtoagoodstature/figuree.g.aslim／slendergirlUsage:leanagainst／onsth;leansth.against／onsth.;leanover;leanto=havethetendency/bendWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsdelivery:a)theprocessofbirthExamples:Womenwhodomanualworkhaveeasydeliveries.Intheend,itwasaneasydelivery:afinebabyboy.b)thedeliveringofletters,goods,etc.Examples:FederalExpressCorporationproviderapiddeliveryofpackages,letters,andothershipmentswithintheUnitedStatesandworldwide.Mostnewspapersofferhomedelivery.Usage:

takedelivery(ofsth.):receiveondelivery:whenthegoodsarrive;ongoods’arrivinge.g.CanIpayitondelivery?makedeliveriesto:providegoodsforsbWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionssection:anyofthepartsintowhichsth.isdividedExamples:Thisarticleconsistsoftenmajorsections.Newspaperstypicallyhavesectionsforlocalnews,sports,artsandentertainment,business,andclassifiedadvertising.disorder:disturbanceofthenormalworkingofthebodyormind;lackoforderExamples:Thehouseisindisorder.Thewholecountryisthrownintodisorderbecauseofthewar.Agood-byetoherboyfriendledhimtoanervousdisorder.Thecapitaliscalm,butcontinuingdisorderhasbeenreportedelsewhere.Theannouncementledtoviolentcivildisorders.Heissufferingfromseverementaldisorder.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressions

Wordformation:disordereda.；disorderly→dis-:prefix,meaning‘not,contrary,etc’.e.g.disadvantage,disagree,disappear,disapprove,disbelieve,disclose,discomfort,discontent,discontinue,discourage,discover,dishonesty,dislike,disobey,dissatisfy,distrust,etc.Distinguish:confusion，disorder，messconfusion→emphasizing‘can’tdistinguishclearly’.e.g.Toavoidconfusion,theteamsworedifferentcolors.disorder→n.differentfrom‘confusion’indegree,interchangeablewith‘confusion’.e.g.Burglarsleftthepremisesinastateofdisorder.(confusion).Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionssuggestingphysicaldiscomfort.e.g.Hewashospitalizedwithastomachdisorder.mess→inf.havingwidemeanings.e.g.Theroomisinamess.Theeconomyofthatcountryisinamess.Usage:indisorder=inamess;disorderlya.；fallintodisorder;inorder

Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionstransfer:movefromoneplacetoanotherExamples:TransferringPeterfromTokyototheBostonofficewasasmartidea.Commercialairportsaredesignedtotransferpassengersandfreighttoandfromaircraft.Creditsearnedatjuniorcollegescouldbetransferredtoanotherinstitutionwherestudentscouldcompletetheirfinalyearsofcollege.HewastransferredfromCrystalPalacetoArsenalfor£2.5million.Derivatives:transferablea.;transferabilityn.;transferencen.;transferreda.Usage:transfersth./sb.(from…to…)WordsandexpressionsWordsandexpressionslimitation:lackofabilityExamples:Electriccarscouldtravelonlyashortdistancebeforetheyneededrecharging,duetothelimitationsofbatterytechnology.Acupunctureisgoodforsomemedicalconditionsbutithasitslimitations.Asastudentherecognizedhislimitations,butdidlittletoimprovehimself.Derivatives:limitn.vt.；limitlessa.；limiteda.e.g.alimitedcompanyWordsandexpressionsWordsandexpressionsapplyfor:makeaformalrequestforExamples:Excellentstudentscanapplytothecollegeforscholarship.IhaveappliedforalibrarycardofZhejiangLibrary.Theyappliedtothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.Youshouldapplyimmediately,inpersonorbyletter.Thewriterappliedtothepublishersforpermissiontoreprintanextract.Derivatives:application:application/letterUsage:applyoneselfto:devoteoneselfto;applytosb.forsth.;apply...to...e.g.Thescientistsappliedtherecentdiscoverytopracticaluse.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsrepresentative:apersonwhorepresentsothersExamples:Egypt,Israel,andtherepresentativesofthePalestinianpeoplewillparticipateinnegotiationsontheresolutionofthePalestinianproblem.Representativesfrommorethan170nationsconvergedinParisfortheEarthSummit.Derivatives:representv.Usage:arepresentativeofsb.／sth.berepresentativeof...Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsliterature:a)thebodyofwrittenworkproducedbyscholarsorresearchersinagivenfield;printedmaterialusedtoadvertiseorpromoteaproductExamples:Myfriendissendingmeliteraturefromtwoothercompaniesthatprovideasimilarservice.Thereisquitealotofliteratureavailableonthehistoryofcomputers.HeissearchingforliteratureonChinesehistory.Haveyougotanyliteratureonthenewcar?Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsb)writingsthatarevaluedasworksofarts,theartoroccupationofaliterarywriter.Examples:

Manyreadersconsiderthenovelthemostflexibletypeofliterature.Thegraduateschooloffersmaster’sordoctoraldegreeprogramsforadvancedstudyinsuchliberalartsandsciencefieldsashistory,chemistry,physics,andliterature.IaminterestedintheclassicalliteratureofFrance.Hedevotedallhislifetochildren’sliteratureandwasrespectedbygenerationsofchildren.Derivatives:

literaryadj.;literatea.n.；illiteratea.n.WordsandexpressionsWordsandexpressionspledge:n.asolemnpromiseExamples:TheUSmakesapledge

nottosupportTaiwan.Thebridegroommadeapledgetolovethebrideforever.vt.a)toofferorguaranteebyasolemnbindingpromiseb)todepositassecurity;pawn.Examples:Thehusbandpledgetogiveupsmoking.Thegovernmenthaspledgeditselftosendaidtothefaminevictims.Hehaspledgedhismother’sring.Usage:transfersth./sb.(from…to…)Wordsandexpressions

WordsandexpressionsDistinguish:pledge,promisepromise→suggests‘predictingorgivingsomehopeof…’e.g.Hebrokehispromiseanddidnotcometoseeme.Thisyearpromisestobeanothergoodoneforharvests.pledge→isstrongerthan‘promise’inmeaning.Usage:pledgesth.tosb.／sth；pledgesb.／oneself(tosth.／todosth.)；underpledgeof；signthepledge=takethepledge；keep／breakapledge;make/giveapledgetodosth.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsretail:thepracticeofsellinggoodsinsmallquantitiestothegeneralpublicExamples:Wal-Martisacompanythatoperatesavarietyofretailchainstores.Departmentstoresrefertolargeretailstoressellingmanydifferentkindsofmerchandisearrangedinseparatedepartments.transit:passagethroughoracross;asystemofurbanpublictransportationExamples:OurfleetmakethetransitthroughthePanamaCanalwithoutanydifficulty.Thepresidentwantstoimprovethenation’shighwaysandmasstransitsystems.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsstrain:v.injure(thebodyorthepartofit)ormakeitweakbytoomucheffortExamples:ImuststopsurfingontheInterneteveryday,oritwillstrainmyeyes.Teachinghasstrainedmyvoice.Carryingtheboxstrainedmywrist.n.aseveredemandonmentalorphysicalstrength,resources,abilities,etc.(followedbyon)Examples:I’mexperiencingthestrainofsleeplessnights.Bringingupsixchildrenisastrainonmyparents’resources.Scienceresearchisastrainoncollegestaff.Usage:at(full)strain:makeeffortstodo,tryone’sbest;strainoneselfWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsuseless:notfulfillingtheintendedpurposeExamples:Preventingthecountryfrompurchasingoilcrippleditsarmyandmadeitsnavyandairforcecompletelyuseless.Overpopulationandovercroppingareturningapproximately14millionacresayearofformerlyfertilelandintobarrenandeconomicallyuselesswasteland.limb:alegoranarm;alargebranchofatreeExamples:Thesmallsizeandweightofdogs’feetandlimbsrequirelessenergytomove.Noattemptshouldbemadetomovebrokenlimbsuntilmedicalhelparrives.Theflagwashangingfromthelimbofabigtree.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsoffbalance:inanunsteadypositionorabouttofallExamples:Iwascaughtoffbalancebythesuddenwindandnearlyfell.Thenaughtyboy’ssuddenpushthrewmeoffbalance.Usage:losebalanceonbalance:generallyspeakingWordsandexpressionsWordsandexpressionsterritory:landacountrycontrolsorownsExamples:Thegovernmentdeniesthatanyofitsterritoryisunderrebelcontrol.Acountry’sembassyinaforeigncountryisconsidereditsownterritory.Usage:within…territory;e.g.withinChineseterritoryoutside…territoryonthephone:betalkingtosb.usingthephoneExamples:

Pleasewaitoutsideforamoment;themanagerisonthephone.

WordsandexpressionsWordsandexpressionsregister:a)berecognizedornotedmentallyExamples:OnoccasionswhatIsaiddidn’tregisterinmydaughter’sbrain.Theprofessor’snamedidn’tregisterwiththestudents.b)recordaname,anevent,etc.forofficialpurposesExamples:ThenewstudentsweretoldthattheymustregisterwiththeUniversitybeforetheycouldclaimtheirgrants.Thenewlypurchasedapartmentisregisteredinhername,notherhusband’s.Derivatives:registereda.→registeredmail;registrantn.；registern.；registrationn.；registryn.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionslaundry:a)acommercialestablishmentforlaunderingclothesorlinens.Examples:Iwillhavetheseheavyclothessenttothelaundry.b)clothesorsheets,etc.thathavebeenorneedtobewashedExamples:Thenewmodelwashingmachineoffersnumeroussettingsforwashingdifferenttypesandquantitiesoflaundry.Agooddealoflaundryhadaccumulatedduringthepasttwoweeks,asourwashingmachinedidn’twork.Derivatives:laundervt.；launderingn.；laundrymann.;laundrywomann.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsprofitable:bringingprofitoradvantage;lucrativeExamples:Thetradingdepartmentoftheinvestmentbandbuysandsellssecuritieswhenprofitableopportunitiesarise.BasedinNewYorkCity,RandomHouseownsmanyofthemostprestigiousandprofitablebookpublishingcompaniesintheUnitedStates.Thetradeofopium,ahighlyprofitableproductforBritishmerchantsandeventuallyanillegalimportintoChina,ledtotheOpiumWars.Ididn’tfindthetalkveryprofitable.Onthecontrary,Ithoughtitwasnonsense.Derivatives:profit:makeaprofitWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsoffone’sfeet:nolongerstanding;lieExamples:Aftertheoperationtheoldmanhadtostayoffhisfeet.Thedoctorcheckedhisleftfootcarefullyandsaidhewouldhavetostayoffhisfeetforabouttwoweeks.Iamexhaustedtodeath.How1wish1werenowoffmyfeetandhome.Relatedphrases:beonone’sfeet:stand;standonone’sownfeet:dosthbyoneself/independently；keepone’sfeet；onone’sfeet:standWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionscommission:a))[C]groupofpeopleofficiallysetuptomakeaninquiryandwriteareportExamples:Thegovernmenthassetupacommissiontoinvestigatetheproblemofdrugabuse.b)[C,U]moneypaidtosb.forsellinggoodswhichincreaseswiththequantityofgoodssoldExamples:Ifasalespersonispaidoncommission,theamounttheyreceivedependsontheamounttheysell.Petersgets10%commissiononeveryphotocopierhesells.Icangetacommissionforbringinginnewclients.Usage:incommission；oncommission；outofcommissionWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionssurgery:a)thebranchofmedicinethatdealswiththediagnosisandtreatmentofinjury,deformity,anddiseasebymanualandinstrumentalmeans.Examples:Heunderwentopen-heartsurgery.Peoplehavepracticedsurgerysinceancientstimes,butitdidnotbecomearespectedscienceuntilthe19thcentury.Surgeryisthefastestandmosteffectivetreatmentfortumorsthataredetectedearly.b)anoperatingroomoralaboratoryofasurgeonorofahospital’ssurgicalstaff.Examples:Iwouldneverlikethefeelingofstayinginasurgery.Derivatives:surgicala.；surgeonn.(adoctor)Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsbelaidup(with):stayinbed,beunabletowork,etc.Examples:IhavebeenlaidupwithabrokenlegOurmathteacherhasbeenlaidupinbedwithacutefluforaweek.Thefootballplayerwaslaidupwithatwistedknee.signature:aperson’snamewrittenbyherselforhimselfExamples:Inlaw,signaturesareputattheendofalegalinstrumenttoshowthatitisvalid.AtestatorunabletowritemaymakeanX,andsuchamarkisconsideredavalidsignature.Derivatives:signv.n.；signaln.a.v.；signern.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsintime:punctually,nottoolate;eventuallyExamples:Thecouplehavejustarrivedintimeforlunch.Shesetthealarmsoshewouldwakeupintimetogotoschool.Relatedphrases:innotime:atonce,immediately；ontime；fromtimetotime:sometimes；attimes；aheadoftimeWordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsgooff:a)(offelectricpower,alight,etc.)stopfunctioningoroperatingExamples:Theelectricitywentoffat12p.m.1astnight.Allthelightssuddenlywentoffandthestadiumwasplungedintodarkness.Ididn’tsleepwelllastnightasalltheheatingwentoff.b)explodeExamples:Abombwentoffinashoppingcenter.c)loseinterestin,betiredof…Examples:ItseemsthatMaryisgoingoffwine.Wordsandexpressions

Wordsandexpressionsd)goorturnbadExamples:

Themilkwilleasilygooff.e)depart,leave,startoffExamples:Hewentoffwithoutsayinggoodbye.Shegotangryandwentoff.Relatedphrases:goat:driveat;starttodo;at(full)straingoby:gonearby;accordingto;dropingoover:review;change;investigatethoroughlygounder:die;fail;givein;gobankruptgowith:accompany;matchwith;makefriendswithgooffwith...:leavetakingsth.;elopegooffwell／badly:getalong

well…

goout:outofdateWordsandexpressions

DifficultsentencesPeoplewouldunderstand．Heknowsthat．(L2-3)【translation】人们会理解的，这点他很清楚。【note】Peoplewouldunderstand.(anomittedsentence)→Peoplewouldunderstandthathelingeredunderthecovers．Heknowsthat．‘That’referstotheprevioussentence.→Heknowsthatpeoplewouldunderstandthathelingeredunderthecovers．Asfarasomissionexercises,wecanrefertoExerciseⅡUsage

Difficultsentences

DifficultsentencesSomedays，hefeelslikesurrendering．Buthisdeadmother’schallengeechoesinhissoul．So，too，dothevoicesofthosewhobelievedhimstupid，incapableoflivingindependently．(L5-8)【translation】有时候，他真想什么都不干了，可是在他的脑海里还一直回响着他已故母亲激励他的话语，除此之外，他还听到很多说他愚蠢、根本不能独立生活的人的声音。【note】1)feellikesth．／doingsth.“想要(做)某事”。e.g.Ifeellike(having)adrinktonight．surrendervi:giveine.g.Isurrenderedandacknowledgedmydefeat．2)So，too，dothevoicesofthosewho…→Thevoicesofthosewho…alsoechoinhissoul．

Difficultsentences

DifficultsentencesHismotherexplainedhowthedeliveryhadbeendifficult．Howthedoctorhadusedaninstrumentthatcrushedasectionofhisbrainandcausedcerebralpalsy，adisorderofthenervoussystemthataffectshisspeech，handsandwalk．(L32-35)【translation】他母亲解释说过因为生他的时候难产，医生就使一种器械助产，损害到他大脑的一部分，导致了大脑性麻痹，这是一种影响他说话、手部活动以及行走功能的神经系统的紊乱。【note】1)“explain”hastwoobjectclausesintroducedby“how”.Thesecondhow-objectclausehasathat-relativeclausewhichhastwopredicates-“crushed”and“caused”.“Palsy”hasanappositive-“disorderof…”whichhasathat-relative.2)cerebralpalsyn．(医)大脑性麻痹。Difficultsentences

DifficultsentencesInside，alleraispreserved．(L127)【translation】房子里全是些上个世纪的物品。【note】1)eran．[C]时代，纪元。e.g.It’sacomputer