组织学与胚胎学15 男性生殖系统

MaleReproductiveSystem男性生殖系统Testes

Genitalducts:生殖管道Epididymis,附睾睾丸

Ductusdeferens,输精管Ejaculatoryducts射精管Urethra尿道Accessoryglands:附属腺

Seminalvesicles,精囊Prostate,前列腺Bulbourethralgland尿道球腺PenisIntroduction2TESTESI.GeneralStructure:Tunicavaginalis(mesothelium)浆膜(鞘膜脏层）Tunicaalbuginea白膜&mediastinumtestis

纵隔Testicularlobules睾丸小叶Seminiferoustubule生精小管Straighttubules直精小管retetestis睾丸网Interstitialtissue&LeydigcellFunction:Producesperm&sexualhormone34

spermatogeniccellsSpermatogenicepitheliumsupportingcellsBasementmembraneFewcollagenandmyoidcells:

扁平、肌动蛋白或类肌动蛋白样物质收缩→精子移动分泌多种生长因子→调节睾丸的功能

seminiferoustubule

生精小管

D=150-250um,30-70cmlong,生精上皮生精细胞支持细胞5SeminiferousTubules6Limitingm.SertoliCellSpermatogenicepitheliumInterstitialtissue&Leydigcell789(l)Spermatogeniccell&Spermatogenesis

生精细胞和精子的发生

●Spermatogeniccellsdifferentiatetospermatozoa

●Successivespermatogeniccells:

spermatogoniaprimaryspermatocytesecondaryspermatocytespermatidsspermatozoa.Spermatogenesis:Theprocessfromspermatogoniatospermatozoa.10

Spermatogonium精原细胞

Themostimmaturespermatogeniccell,onB.M.Round&small(12um),aroundnucleusw/l-2nucleoli&finely-granulatedchromatin.(l)spermatogoniaA(stemcells);(2)spermatogoniaB,primaryspermatocyt初级精母细胞(Atsexualmaturity,aseriesofsuccessivemitoses)111213Primaryspermatocyte

初级精母细胞

Inmiddlezoneoftheepithelium.Easytoseeninsection(thefirstmeiosisneed22days)Thelargestone(16-18um),nucleusw/prominentchromosomes,46(44+XY)&4NDNA.

Primaryspermatocyte→→→Secondaryspermatocyte（by1stmeiosis）

1415Secondaryspermatocyte

次级精母细胞Nearlumen.Difficulttoobserveinsection(thesecondmeiosisquicklycompleted).Round(12um)&apale-stainednucleus,23(22+Xor22+y)&2NDNA.次级精母胞不进行DNA复制，即进入第二次成熟分裂，由于次级精母细胞存在时间短，故在生精小管切面中不易见到。Secondaryspermatocyte→→→spermatids（by2ndmeiosis）

16Spermatid精子细胞Closetolumen.spherical(6um).23(22+Xor22+Y)&1NDNA(haploid)17Spermiogenesis精子形成Acomplexprocessthataroundspermatidtransformsintoatadpole-likespermatozoon(nofurtherdivision)occurs).

18(a)Golgiapparatusacrosomalgranuleacrosomalvesicleacrosomalcapacrosome(covers2/3ofthenucleusanteriorly)(b)Condensationofchromatinaelongated&flattenednucleus.(c)Acentrioleaflagellum(axoneme)Attheposteriorpoleofthenucleus(formotility).(d)Mitochondriaasheathofmitochondria.Spiralaroundinitialpartofthetail(e)Partsofthecytoplasmcastoffasaresidualbodies(phagocytizedbySertolicells).(a)Golgiapparatusacrosomalgranuleacrosomalvesicleacrosomalcapacrosome顶体

(covers2/3ofthenucleusanteriorly)(b)Condensationofchromatinaelongated&flattenednucleushead

(c)Acentriole中心粒

aflagellum(axoneme)轴丝

Attheposteriorpoleofthenucleus(formotility).鞭毛（尾部）(d)Mitochondria线粒体

asheathofmitochondria.Spiralaroundinitialpartofthetail(e)unnecessarycytoplasmcastoffasaresidualbodies(phagocytizedbySertolicells).1960umlong,consistofahead&atail.Head:pear-shaped&flattenedw/anuclear&aacrosome(containshydrolyticenzyme).Tail:55uminlength（尾部是精子的运动装置）Subdividedinto4segments:(a)neck,containingacentriole颈段短，其内主要是中心粒，由中心粒发出9＋2排列的微管，构成鞭毛中心的轴丝(b)middlesegment(5-7um),containingasheathofmitochondria轴丝外侧有9根纵行外周致密纤维，外侧再包有一圈线粒体鞘，为鞭毛摆动提供能量，使精子得以快速向前运动(c)principalsegment(45um),containingafibroussheath(supportthetail).主段最长，轴丝外周无线粒体鞘，代之以纤维鞘

(d)endpiece(5-7um),short,axialfilamentsonly末段短，仅有轴丝

spermatozoon精子202122SpermatocytogenesisMeiosisSpermiogenesisprimarysecondaryspermatidsspermatozoa23Spermatogenesis:

精子发生

spermatogoniaprimaryspermatocytes

bymitosis

B.Meiosis:

Spermatocytesspermatids,through2succeesivemeiosisw/reductionbyhalfnumberofchromosomes&halfamountofDNApercellC.

Spermiogenesis:精子形成

Spermatidsspermatozoabymodifyingstructures&shape(nodivision).summary24ThePassageoftheSpermSeminiferoustubulesstraighttubulesretetestisefferentductules

genitalducts25(2).Sertolicells:支持细胞

ColumnarcellrestonB.M.,thefreesurfacereachestolumen.spermatogeniccellslocateb/wadjacentcells

Features&function:LM:

noclearoutline,ovoidnucleusw/adistinctnucleolus.EM:

(l)abundantsER.,Gl.,Ly.,Mf.,&Mt.(2)Tightjunctionspresentb/wadjacentSertolicells(isolatespermatogoniafromotherspermatogeniccells).2627Tightjunctionbasalcompartment（基底室）

abluminalcompartment（近腔室）28Function:

(l)Support&nourishspermatogeniccells;(2)Secretefluidtohelpthespermmoving;(3)Phagocytize吞噬&digesttheresidualbodies(4)Synthesize&secreteABP(androgenbindingprotein雄激素结合蛋白)whichcombinesandrogeninseminiferoustubuletostimulatespermatogenesis;，以保持生精小管内雄激素的水平，促进精子发生

Inhubin（抑制素）→pituitarysecreteFSH(5)Formtheblood-testisbarrier血－睾屏障:Tightjunctlonconstitutethemainpart29blood-testisbarrier

血睾屏障

Endothelialcellandit’sbasementmembraneCTBasementmembraneofspermatogenicepitheliumTightjunctionbetween

sertolicellsFnction:separatesgermcellsfromimmunesystem&preventsauto-immunereaction.可阻止某些物质进出生精上皮，形成并维持有利于精子发生的微环境，防止精子抗原物质逸出到生精小管外而发生自体免疫反应。30III.Interstitialtissue睾丸间质B/wseminiferoustubulesL.c.t.w/smallb.v.&l.v.,nerves&Intersitialcell

:(间质细胞）

Leydigcella.ingroups&nearb.v.;b.large,roundorpolygonal,acidophilic,roundnucleusw/prominentnucleolus.c.EM:abundantsER,tubularcristaeMit.,lipiddroplets313233Function:secrete

androgen（雄激素）forproliferation&differentiationofgermcells,fordevelopmentofgenitalsystem,formaintenanceofmalesecondarysexcharacteristics.34IV.Regulationoftesticularfunction:1.Intersitialcell

arecontrolledbyinterstitialcellstimulatinghormone(ICSH);2.Folliclestimulatinghormone(FSH)regulatesthefunctionofsupportingcells3.ICSH&FSHaresecretedbycellsinglandularpituitary.35Tubulerectusandretetestis直精小管和睾丸网Tubulerectushortandstaight，thinsimplelowcolumnarnospermatogeniccells。Retetestis：inmediastinumtestislumenlargeandirregularsimplecuboidal3637Epididymis附睾I.Ahead,abody&atail.II.ConsistofEfferentduct输出小管andEpididymalduct附睾管头部主要由输出小管组成，体部和尾部由附睾管组成38Efferentduct输出小管

IrregularlumenTallciliatedcolumnarcell：高柱状纤毛细胞ciliaswingacceleratetransportofspermsecreteLowcolumnarcell：低柱状细胞absorbanddigestsubstanceinsidethelumen39Epididymalduct

(附睾管)：Pseudostratifiedcolumnarepithelium，

RegularlumenLargenumbersofsperm。Chifecell主细胞：

tallcolumnar，stereocilia（静纤毛）；

—secreteandpynocytosisBasalcell基细胞：

pyramidal

—pynocytosis40414243

Function:AbsorbmostofthefluidthatleavesthetestisSecretecarnitine肉毒碱,glycerylphosphoryo-choline甘油磷酸胆碱,sialicacid唾液酸