组织学与胚胎学12 消化腺(中英)

DigestiveGlands消化腺1smalldigestiveglandswithindigestivetractOrgans:majorsalivarygland、pancreas

andliverMajorfunction:excretedigestivejuice，takepartindigestionofdiet23salivaryglands

大唾液腺Parotid腮腺Submandibulargland下颌下腺Sublingualgland

舌下腺4

Generalstructurecompoudtubuloacinargland复管泡状腺

acinus腺泡：simplecuboidal、basementmembrane、myoepithelialcell.serous、mucous、mixed。duct导管：

intercalatedduct（闰管）striatedduct（纹状管）interlobularductandmajorexcretoryduct总导管5(1).

serousacinus浆液性腺泡LM：

nucleus:

oval，nearbaseofthecell

apicalcytoplasm

:acidophilicsecretorygranules

basalcytoplasm

:basophilic

EM：RER，freeribsome;GolgibcomplexFunction:

ptyalin（唾液淀酶）1.

acinus6serousacinus7LM：

nucleus:

flat，nearbaseofthecell

cytoplasm:

palestainedEM：

mucinogen(粘原颗粒)golgicomplexFunction:

secretemucuswithoutptyalin（2）mucousacinus粘液性腺泡8mucousacinus

,HE

staining9demilune（半月）：

severalserouscellsattachtotheendofthemucousacinus，incertainplanesofsection,haveacrescentappearance.Composedofmucouscellandserouscells（3）mixedacinus混合性腺泡10混合性腺泡HE染色11（1）intercalatedduct(闰管)：narrow，simplecuboidalorsquamous（2）striatedduct(纹状管)：LM：highcolumnar，eosinophilicwithbasalstriations。EM：plasmamembraneinfoldingsmitochondriaFunction：absorbNa+,dischargeK+,adjustquantityofsalivaandelectrolyte（3）interlobularducts（小叶间导管）andmajorduct：

simplecolumnarpseudostratifiedcolumnar

stratifiedsquamous（总导管）2.Duct导管121314characteristicsofthreesalivary

glandsParotid：腮腺

entirelyserousacini浆液性腺,longerintercalatedductandshorterstriatedductptyalin(唾液淀粉酶）腮腺15Submandibulargland：下颌下腺mixed，mainlyserous混合性腺，浆液性腺泡较多，shorterintercalatedductandlongerstriatedductlessptyalinandmoremucus16Sublingualgland：舌下腺mixed，mainlymucous混合性腺，以粘液性腺泡为主，manydemilune，mainlymucus17唾液下颌下腺分泌70%，腮腺分泌25%，舌下腺分泌5%成分和功能：水、粘液－润滑口腔唾液淀粉酶－分解淀粉溶菌酶、干扰素－抵抗细菌、病毒

sIgA－浆细胞和腺细胞协同分泌，有免疫保护作用18

pancreas胰腺19Entirelyserousgland

浆液性腺

1.AciniSerouscellLM：pyramidal，apicalacidopilicgranules，basebasophilicEM：rER，GolgicomplexzymogengranulesF：manykindsofdigestiveenzymewithout

myoepithelialcellhavecentroacinarcell（泡心细胞）Exocrineportion外分泌部

20Centroacinarcell泡心细胞LM：lumenofacini,cuboidal,pale-stained,ovoidnucleus.Belongstoepitheliumofintercalatedduct21222324252.Ducts：longerintercalatedductwithoutstriatedductIntercalatedductcentroacinarcell:simplesquamousorcuboidalIntralobularduct:cuboidalorcolumnarInterlobularduct:cuboidalorcolumnarMainduct:主导管highcolumnarwithgobletcells

262728Endocrineportionpancreasislet

(胰岛)，scattered，differentsizes，cellsarrangedinirregularcords，pale-stained；mainlyhavefourkindsofcells：A、B、DandPP。29301、A

cells

LM：15%-20%，larger，peripherally-locatedEM：secretorygranules：crescentinterspaceFunction：glucagon（高血糖素）→glycogenolysis↑,glycogenesis↓

→bloodsugarlevel↑312、Bcells

LM：60%-75%，central-located，smallerEM：secretorygranules：oneormore、dense、

rodorirregularcrystalcores.Function：

insulin（胰岛素）→glycogenesis

↑→bloodsugarlevel

↓

deficiency→

diabetes（糖尿病）323、DcellsLM:5%，scatterbetweenAandBcellsEM:gapjunction,granules:homogeneouswithlowelectrondensityFunction:

somatostatin（生长抑素），↓activityofA、BandPPcell334、PPcells

few，2-5%,smallsecretoryglanules→pancreaticpolypeptide（胰多肽）→pancreaticjuiceexcretion↓↓

vermiculationofstomachandintestion↓↓

gallbladdercontractionandbileejection↓↓

抑制胃肠运动、胰液分泌及胆囊收缩5、D1cells

→vasoactiveintestinalpeptide,VIP（血管活性肠肽）→pancreaticjuiceexcretion↑↑

insulinandglucagon↑↑34

liver肝猪肝35人肝36

hepaticlobule肝小叶

一个中心，四个网

Centralvein

中央静脉

Hepaticcord肝细胞索

Hepaticsinusoid肝血窦

Perisinusoidalspace窦周隙

Bilecanaliculus胆小管

373839centralvein中央静脉微静脉40Hepaticplate肝板Hepaticcord肝索界板：肝小叶周边的肝板，肝细胞较小，嗜酸性较强41LM：large,polygonal;1-2nucleus,central-located;eosinophilicwithscatterdbasophilicmaterial.Hepatocyte肝细胞42EM：1、richinorganellesandinclusionsmitochondriarER、ribosome、golgicomplex→合成蛋白质，如血浆白蛋白、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原、脂蛋白、补体蛋白和许多载体蛋白。sER→多种酶系分布→胆汁合成，胆红素、脂类与激素的代谢和有毒物质的生物转化等。

Lysosome：胆色素代谢、转运，铁贮存，肝细胞结构更新Microbodies：含过氧化物酶，过氧化氢酶，黄嘌呤氧化酶

inclusions：糖原、脂滴、色素等2、threekindsoffunctionalsurface：

hepatocyte

connectingsurface细胞连接面：junctioncomplex

sinusoidsurface血窦面：microvilli

bilecanaliculussurface胆小管面：microvilli434445BetweenHepaticplate,irregulardilatedEndothelialcell:Flatandthin,fenestratedwithoutdiaphragm,pinocytoticvesicles.Nobasementmembrane,fewelasticfiber.Hepaticsinusoid肝血窦46Kupffercells:belongsto

mononuclearphagocyticsystem肝巨噬细胞lumenofthesinusoid，largerandirregular,processesadheretoendothelialcells，orprotrudeintoperisinusoidalspace.Function:phagocytosis，antigenpresentation47肝血窦内大颗粒淋巴细胞（NK细胞）：，溶酶体丰富，抵御病毒感染及防止肝肿瘤发生有重要功能4849Location：betweensinusoidendothelialcellsandhepatocytes。肝细胞与血窦内皮间的腔隙Constitution:filledwithplasm血浆microvilli微绒毛ofhepatocyteonsinusoidsurfacefat-storingcell(贮脂细胞)→VitAstorageinpathologiccondition

→collagenandgroundsubstancereticularfiber网状纤维Function：Amaterial-exchangingplacebetweenhepatocytesandbloodPerisinusoidalspace窦周隙505152人肝贮脂细胞电镜像N贮脂细胞核，L脂滴53Bilecanaliculi胆小管Situation:smallcanalformedbygroovesinthetwoapposingcellsnetwork相邻肝细胞质膜局部凹陷围成的微细管道，连接成网EM：microvilliofhepatocyte

canaliculussurface腔面有微绒毛tightjunctionanddesmosomeconnectingsurface连接复合体545556→TEM透射电镜SEM扫描电镜→57Betweenhepaticlobules,triangleorirregularCTareainterlobularV

PortalV小叶间静脉interlobularA

HepaticA小叶间动脉interlobularbileduct小叶间胆管

Hepatic

ductportalarea门管区585960BloodVessels

portalVInterlobularVTerminalportalvenule

sinusoid

centralvein

sublobularvein

hepaticvein

hepaticAInterlobularATerminalhepaticarteriole61intrahepaticbileductscentralperipheralBilecanaliculi

canalofhering

interlobularbileduct

leftandrighthepaticduct62portallobuleandliveracinus门管小叶和肝腺泡，门管小叶（portallobule）是以门管区内的胆管为中心的三角形柱状体，三个角缘处为相邻肝小叶的中央静脉，门管小叶内的胆汁从周边流向中央，汇入小叶中央的胆管（即小叶间胆管）。故门管小叶的概念是强调肝的外分泌性质。63肝腺