英国概括文化篇课件

BritishCultureEducationLiteratureScenicsports&historicalsitesBritishCultureEducation1ⅠBritishEducationElementaryEducationSecondaryEducationHigherEducationⅠBritishEducationElementaryE21.ElementaryEducationAllchildrenintheU.K.mustreceiveafull-timeeducationfromtheageof5to16.Compulsoryeducation1.ElementaryEducationAllchi3StatePrimarySchoolAninfantsection(5-7);Ajuniorsection(7-11);KindergartenorNurserySchools(3-5);StatePrimarySchoolAninfant4StatePrimarySchoolTheacademicyearbeginsinSeptember,andisdividedintothreeterms,withholidaysatChristmas,Easterandinthesummer.StatePrimarySchoolTheacadem5Mostprimaryschoolsarewhollymaintainedbythelocalauthorities.Onethirdbelongstochurches,eitherAnglicanorRomanCatholic.Mostprimaryschoolsarewholl6PrepSchoolsThepreparatoryschoolsareindependentschoolsforchildrenfrom7or8upto13.Theprepschoolcurriculumdiffersfrom…Itsmaintargetisthe“commonentrance”examinationattheageof13,foradmissiontoapublicschool.PrepSchoolsThepreparatorysc72.SecondaryEducationTwocompleteeducationalsystems:Thestateschools;Theindependentschools;2.SecondaryEducationTwocomp8Forallchildreninstateschools,secondaryeducationbeginsattheageof11.Thereareatthistimetwosystemsforsecondaryeducation,theselectiveandthecomprehensive.Forallchildreninstatescho9SchoolsatthisstageGrammarSchool;ComprehensiveSecondarySchool;SecondaryModernSchool;PublicSchool;SchoolsatthisstageGrammarS10GrammarSchoolOldestschoolsinU.K.;WilliamShakespeare;3%ofthestateschoolstudents;Theseschoolsarereservedfor…GrammarSchoolOldestschoolsi112002年高中入学率London5８％；MexicoCity62%;LosAngels90%;Shanghai94%;Tokyo97%;2002年高中入学率London5８％；12GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications国家专业资格证书这一证书是专为职业技术学校毕业的学生设置的，共分５个级别，这就便于人们按阶梯逐级攀登，根据自己条件通过实际工作和专业培训由低级向高级发展．获四级国家专业资格证书相当于学士学位；获五级相当于研究生水平．GeneralNationalVocationalQu1390%studentsattendComprehensiveSecondarySchool;5%attendSecondaryModernSchool;90%studentsattendComprehens14PublicSchoolThefourmostfamous:EtonCollege;HarrowSchool;WinchesterCollege;RugbySchool;PublicSchoolThefourmostfam15Theyemphasizetwofactorsineducation.Oneisthestudyofclassicsandscience(needsofthebourgeoisie),theotheristhedevelopmentofcharacter.Thepublicschoolspiritisteamspiritandleadership.Theyemphasizetwofactorsin163.HigherEducationBritishuniversitiesarepublicbodieswhichreceivefundsfromcentralgovernment.Sofar,theUKhasonlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity,theUniversityofBuckingham.3.HigherEducationBritishuni17Oxford&CambridgeNearlyallCabinetMinisterswhowenttouniversity…Oxbridge;46%ofConservativePartyMembersofParliament…¾oftheGovernmentexecutives…Mostseniorcivilservantsare…Oxford&CambridgeNearlyallC18著名的牛津人（知名牛津校友）牛津产生了4位英国国王，46位诺贝尔奖获得者，25位英国首相，3位圣人，86位大主教以及18位红衣主教。国王

爱德华七世

爱德华八世

著名的牛津人（知名牛津校友）19总统和首相

克雷芒·艾德礼安东尼·艾登哈罗德·麦克米兰哈罗德·威尔逊爱德华·希斯玛格利特·撒切尔托尼·布莱尔比尔·克林顿总统和首相

克雷芒·艾德礼20TwofeaturesofOxfordandCambridge:Thecollegesystem;Tutorialsystem;TwofeaturesofOxfordandCam21ScottishUniversities;TheMiddle-AgedUniversities;Post-WarUniversities;TheOpenUniversity;ScottishUniversities;22ⅡBritishLiteratureFictionPoetryDramaⅡBritishLiteratureFiction23FictionFables:whichareaboutanimalsorsupernaturalpersonsorincidentsandwhosepurposeisteachingamoralareprobablytheearliestformofstory-telling.FictionFables:whichareabout24Legendscomelater;Thebest-lovedstoryisaboutRobinHoodwhowasapopularherolivingunderthegreenwoodwithhismen,takingfromtherichandgivingtothepoorandwagingwaragainstbishopsandarchbishops.Legendscomelater;25ThomasMore(1478-1535)InUtopiaMoreexposesthepovertyofthelaboringclassesandthegreedoftherich;hepointsouttheprincipleofUtopia“Fromeveryoneaccordingtohiscapacities,toeveryoneaccordingtohisneeds”whichisthepracticalbasisforacommunistsociety.ThomasMore(1478-1535)InUtop26ThePuritanPeriodJohnBunyan,aprosewriter;JohnMilton,anoutstandingpoet;ThePuritanPeriodJohnBunyan,27JohnBunyanThreegreatallegoriesintheworldliterature:Spenser’sFaeryQueen;Dante’sDivinaCommedia;Bunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress;JohnBunyanThreegreatallegor28Pilgrim’sProgressItisareligiousallegorywhichdepictsthespiritualpilgrimageofaChristian,whofliesfromtheCityofDestruction,meetswithperilsandtemptationsattheSloughofDespond,VanityFair…andfinallyreachestheDelectableMountains.Pilgrim’sProgressItisareli29DanielDefoeModernnovelbegantoappearinthe18thcentury;Defoe:forerunnersoftheEnglishrealistnovel;ThemodernEuropeannovelbeganaftertheRenaissance,withCervantes’sDonQuixote;DanielDefoeModernnovelbegan30塞万提斯《堂吉诃德》，是西班牙作家塞万提斯于1605年和1615年分两部分岀版的反骑士小说。故事背景是个早没有骑士的年代，主角堂吉诃德幻想自己是个骑士，因而作出种种匪夷所思的行径，最终从梦幻中苏醒过来。塞万提斯《堂吉诃德》，是西班牙作家塞万提斯于1605年和1631评论家多称《唐吉诃德》是西方文学史上的第一部现代小说，也是世界文学的瑰宝之一。这部书原本是打算对当时流行的骑士传奇小说进行反讽。然而吊诡的是，由于后来骑士小说渐渐销声匿迹，自文坛消失，于是当初塞万提斯讽刺骑士小说的此一初衷渐渐被后世读者所淡忘；评论家多称《唐吉诃德》是西方文学史上的第一部现代小说，也是世32后来由于美国百老汇歌舞剧《梦幻骑士》的成功改编，原本“唐吉诃德”由嘲讽那些不自量力、脱离现实、自以为是一代大侠的这一类型人物，如今已多被用来指那些勇敢坚持自己的理想，敢于挑战社会不合理现象、不顾众人嘲笑仍坚持一己信念之人物。后来由于美国百老汇歌舞剧《梦幻骑士》的成功改编，原本“唐吉诃33RobinsonCrusoeRobinCrusoetellsoftheonlysurvivorofashipwreckwholivesaloneonadesertedislandformanyyears,solvingtheproblemsoffood,clothingandshelterasbestashecan.CreatingtheimageofEnglishBourgeoisie:FridayRobinsonCrusoeRobinCrusoete34CharlesDickensOutstandingrepresentativeofcriticalrealism;Writingabouttheworkingclass;Greatestcreativewriters;CharlesDickensOutstandingrep35Someofhisnovels:OliverTwist;DavidCopperfield;TheOldCuriosityShop;HardTimes;GreatExpectations;ATaleofTwoCities;DombeyandSon;Someofhisnovels:OliverTwis36WilliamMakepeaceThackerayWritingaboutmiddle-class;Masterpiece:VanityFair;ThetitlewastakenfromBunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress;Thesubtitleofthenovel:ANovelWithoutaHero;WilliamMakepeaceThackerayWri37WomenNovelistsJaneAusten,PrideandPrejudice;Narrowrangeofthesociety:Theconstantquestofthemiddle-classmotherforrichhusbandsforherdaughters;WomenNovelistsJaneAusten,Pr38TheBronteSistersEmily(1818-1848)WutheringHeights;Charlotte(1816-1855)JaneEyre;Ann(1820-1849);Alliterary,alltalentedandalldyingyoung,isoneofthesaddestpagesinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.TheBronteSistersEmily(1818-39TwentiethCenturyNovelistThomasHardy;D.H.Lawrence;JamesJoyce;TwentiethCenturyNovelistThom40Poetry

GeoffreyChaucer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry,thefirsttowriteintheLondondialect;TheCanteburyTales;PoetryGeoffreyChaucer,thef41JohnMiltonGreatestrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury;ParadiseLost;JohnMiltonGreatestrevolution42Pre-RomanticismPoetsRobertBurns;WilliamBlake;Pre-RomanticismPoetsRobertBu43WilliamWordsworthwasafamousnature-poetattheturnofthecentury;LyricalBallads;WilliamWordsworthwasafamou44Byron(1788-1824);Shelly(1792-1822);Keats(1795-1821);Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?Beautyistruth,truthbeauty;Fo