江苏高一下学期期末英语试卷附带答案

第第页江苏高一下学期期末英语试卷(附带答案）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________一、阅读理解Asanycatownerwilltellyou,talkingtoyourcatistotallynormal.Andeventhoughfeline(猫)friendsmayseemdistanttotheseadoringtalks,anewstudyinAnimalCognitionsuggeststheyarereallylistening.ResearchersinFranceexposedhousecatstorecordingsoftheirownerorastrangersayingphrasesincat-orhuman-directedspeech.Likebabytalk,cat-directedspeechistypicallyhigherpitchedwithshort,repetitivephrases.Theteamfoundthatfelinestendedtoreacttotheirownerspeakingincat-directedspeech—butnottotheirownerspeakinginadulttonesortoastrangerusingeitheradult-orcat-directedspeech.Previousresearchhadshownsimilarfindingsindogs,butmuchlessisknownwhenitcomestocats.“Somepeoplestillconsidercatsindependent—youcannothavearealrelationshipwithcats,”saysleadstudyauthorCharlotteMouzon,acatbehavioristattheUniversityofParisNanterre.Somepeoplemightbeembarrassedaboutusingspecialvocalizationsforcats,shesays,butthisresearchshows“peopleshouldn’tbeashamed.”Mouzonandherteamrecorded16catownerssayingsuchas“Doyouwanttoplay?”or“Doyouwantatreat?”incat-andhuman-directedspeech.Thentheyfilmedeachcatbefore,duringandafterplayingitaseriesofrecordingsofitsownerandotherowners’speech.Theresearchersusedsoftwaretoratethecats’reactionsfrommultipledimensions,makingtheresultmoreconvincing.“Althoughcatshaveareputationforignoringtheirowners,agrowingbodyofresearchindicatesthatcatspaycloseattentiontohumans,”saysKristynVitale,acatbehaviorscientistatUnityCollegeinMaine,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Catscanlearnthatspecificspeechhascertainmeanings.”Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.1．Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdohousecatsrespondobviouslyto?A．Theowner’scat-directedtone. B．Astranger’shuman-directedtalks.C．Astranger’scat-directedrecordings. D．Theowner’shuman-directedspeech.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vocalization”meaninparagraph3?A．Strategies. B．Trainings. C．Sounds. D．Rhymes.3．WhatmakesMouzon’sfindingsmorereliable?A．Continuousfilmingofcats’responses. B．Comprehensiveanalysesbackedbysoftware.C．Multi-dimensionalevaluationsofcats’habits. D．Furtherreferencetopreviousstudiesondogs.4．WhatisthelimitationofMouzon’sresearch?A．Lackofsampletypes. B．Absenceofowners’support.C．Absenceofscientifictools. D．Lackofexperts’involvement.Asayoungster,therewasnothingIlikedbetterthanSundayafternoonsatmygrandfather’sfarminwesternPennsylvania.Surroundedbymilesofwindingstonewalls,thehouseandfieldprovidedendlesshoursoffunforacitykidlikeme.Iwasusedtotidylivingroomsthatseemedtowhisper,“Nottobetouched!”IcanstillrememberoneafternoonwhenIwaseightyearsold.Sincemyfirstvisittothefarm,Ihadwantedmorethananythingtobeallowedtoclimbthestonewallssurroundingthehouses.Myparentswouldneverapprove.Thewallswereold;somestonesweremissing,otherslooseandfalling.Still,myideatoclimbacrossthosewallsgrewsostrongthatfinally,onespringafternoon,Ihadallmycouragetoenterthelivingroom,wheretheadultshadgatheredafterSundaydinner.“I,uh—Iwanttoclimbthestonewalls,”Isaid.Everyonelookedup.“CanIclimbthestonewalls?”Immediatelyvoicesofdisagreementwentupfromthewomenintheroom.“Heavens,no!You’llhurtyourself!”Iwasn’ttoodisappointed;theresponsewasjustasI’dexpected.ButbeforeIcouldleavetheroom,Iwasstoppedbymygrandfather’sloudvoice.“Nowholdonjustaminute,”Iheardhimsay.“Lettheboyclimbthestonewalls.Hehastolearntodothingsforhimself.”“Go,”hesaidtome,“andcomeandseemewhenyougetback.”ForthenexttwoandahalfhoursIclimbedthoseoldwalls—andhadthetimeofmylife.LaterImetwithmygrandfathertotellhimaboutmyadventures.I’llneverforgetwhathesaid.“Fred,”hesaid,smiling,“Youmadethisdayaspecialdayjustbybeingyourself.Alwaysremember,there’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou,andIlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”Manyyearshavepassedsincethen,andtodayIhostthetelevisionprogramMisterRogers’Neighborhood,seenbymillionsofchildrenthroughoutAmerica.Therehavebeenchangesovertheyears,butonethingremainsthesame:mymessagetochildrenattheendofalmosteveryvisit.“There’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou.”thekidscancountonhearingmesay,“andpeoplecanlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”5．Whenthewriterwassmall,helived________.A．inthecity B．onthefarmC．withhisgrandparents D．awayfromhisparents6．Theunderlinedword“approve”inparagraphtwomeans________.A．prove B．suppose C．allow D．mind7．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthewriterwas________.A．adventurous B．funny C．smart D．talkative8．Whatdidthewriterlearnfromhisgrandfatherandhisownexperienceonthefarm?A．Todothingsforothers. B．Todowhateverheliked.C．Tobeproudofhimself. D．Tobehimself.You’veheardthepredictionsfromsomeofthebrightestmindsaboutAI’sinfluence.TeslaandSpaceX’schiefElonMuskworriesthatAIisfarmoredangerousthannuclearweapons.ThelatescientistStephenHawkingwarnedthatAIcouldserveasthe“worsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization”unlesshumanityispreparedforitspossiblerisks.Butmanyexperts,eventhosewhoareawareofsuchrisks,haveamorepositiveattitude,especiallyinhealth-careandpossiblyineducation.ThatisoneoftheresultsfromanewAIstudyreleasedMondaybythePewResearchCentre.Pewcanvassedtheopinionsof979expertsoverthesummer,agroupthatincludedfamoustechnologists,developers,innovators,businessandpolicyleaders.Theinterviewedexperts,someofwhomchosetoremainanonymous,wereaskedtojoininthediscussionofaseriousandimportantquestion:“By2030,doyouthinkitismostlikelythatadvancingAIandrelatedtechnologysystemswillimprovehumancapacitiesandcontrolthem?”Nearlytwo-thirdsofexpertspredictedmostofuswillbemostlybetteroff.Butathirdthoughtotherwise,andamajorityoftheexpertsexpressedatleastsomeconcernsoverthelong-termimpactofAIonthe“essentialelementsofbeinghuman”.Amongthoseconcernsweredataabuse,lossofjobsandlossofcontrolbroughtbyautonomousweaponsandcybercrime.Aboveall,bytakingdatainandspittinganswersout,those“blackbox”toolsmakedecisionsindigitalsystems.Itisanerosioninourabilitytothinkforourselves.9．WhyisStephenHawkingmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．TowarnhumanstogiveupAIassoonaspossible.B．ToremindreadersthatanewAIagehascomeintoview.C．ToprovegreatscientistscaremuchaboutthefutureofAI.D．TointroducethemainideaofthetextthatAIbenefitsthefuture.10．WhatistrueofPew’sstudy?A．MostexpertsarecertainthatAIwillbeoutofcontrol.B．Pewaskedexpertsfromdifferentfieldsforopinions.C．PewconcludesthathumanswillsufferfromAI.D．33%ofexpertsthinkAIwillhavelittleimpactonhumans.11．Whysomeexpertsconcernabout“blackbox”tools?A．Becausetheymakedecisionsindigitalsystems.B．Becausetheycantakedatainandspitanswersout.C．Becausetheymayweakenourabilitytothinkindependently.D．Becausetheymaydecreasehumans’welfareinthelongterm.12．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Experts’concernaboutAI. B．Humans’beingcontrolledbyAI.C．Experts’ExpectationofAI. D．AI’sinfluenceonsociety.二、七选五Thinkbacktoyourlastpresentation.13

Andweretheyengagedinwhatyouweresaying?Whileyoumaythinkyourselftobeagreatspeaker,itisnotparticularlyhardtoannoyyouraudience.Herearethetopthreeofannoyinghabitsinapresentation:readingthepresentation(37%),havingnoknowledgeofthesubjectmatter(22%),usingmany“umms”and“uhhs”(16%).Soherearesometipstohelpyouavoidtheseannoyingmistakes.Themostannoyingpresentationhabitisalsooneoftheeasiesttofallvictimto.Withavisualaid,youtendtolookbackandreadwhatyouhavealreadywritten.14

Byreadingyourslides,youshownoadditionalinformation,andthereforegiveyouraudiencenoreasontokeeplisteningoncetheyhavefinishedreadingtheslidethemselves.OneguidelineIfindespeciallyeffectiveistoensureeachslidehasnomorethansixmainpoints,andnomorethansixwordsperpoint.15

Wheninpractice,havingslideswithflexiblelayoutsandproperpicturesisequallyimportant.16

Themorepreparedyouare,thebetteryoucaneffectivelyavoidsoundinglikeyou’veneverevenheardofyourtopicbefore.Soinordertoshowyouraudienceyouknowyourstuff,gettingreadywillmakeallthedifference.Thethirdmostannoyinghabitwasusingmany“umms”and“uhhs”,asymptomofnotcommunicatingeffectively.Thiscouldbearesultofstagefright,butmoreoftenthannottheseinterjections(感叹词)happenunconsciously.17

Onetipforavoidingthisistopracticeyourpresentationmultipletimesbeforehand,outloud.Themoreyoupractice,themorelikelyyoucancatchyourselfbeforelettingthe“umms”and“uhhs”slipout.A．Wasitboring?B．Werepeopleinterested?C．Ithelpsyoutosaveyourtime.D．Thisstopsyouoverloadingyourslideswithinformation.E．Despitehowinnocenttheyseem,theycanruinyourcredibility.F．Avoidinganotherannoyinghabitcomesdowntoonefactor:preparation.G．However,allthisshowsisthatyoucandowhatyouraudiencecanaswell.三、完形填空Walkintoanybookstore,andyoucan18avoid“bumpinginto”CharlesDickens.FromOliverTwisttoATaleofTwoCities,manyofDickens’worksstillsellwelltodayandareplacedon19shelves.AssomeonewhoteachesDickens,thequestionofwhywestillreadhimisoftenonmymind.Thatquestion,however,wasnevermoretroublingtomethanwhenIwasgivingalectureoneday,nearlytenyearsago.Iwastellingthestudentsthathiswritingcreateda“tune-in-next-week”typeof20amongreaders.Then,ahandshotup.“Butwhyshouldwestillreadthisstuff?”thestudentasked.TheanswerIgaveatthattimewasmerely21.“Becauseheteachesyouhowtothink,”Isaid.Thequestion22meforyears,andforyearsItoldmyselfanswers,butneverwithcompletesatisfaction.WereadDickensbecausehewasnotjustamanofhisowntimes,butalsoamanforourtimes.WereadDickensbecausehis23ofthehumanpsyche(心灵)isdeep.WereadDickensbecausewecanlearnfromtheexperiencesofhischaractersalmostas24aswecanlearnfromourownexperiences.TheseareallwonderfulreasonstoreadDickens.ButthesearenotexactlythereasonswhyIreadDickens.Mysearchforananswer25butneverwithsuccess,untilonedayatextmessagecamefromastudentofmine.“WestillreadDickens’novels,”shewrote,“becausethetelluswhywearewhatweare.”Simpleasitwas,that’stheexplanationIhad26foryears.Likemostpeople,IknewwhoIwaswithout27it.IwasOliverTwist,alwaysaskingformore.IwasNicholasNickleby,28thatmydeadfatherwaswatchingmefrombeyondthegrave.IwasPip,inlovewithsomeonefarbeyondmy29.Iwasallofthese30andIbegantounderstandmoreaboutwhyIwaswhoIwasbecauseDickenshadtoldmesomuchabouthumanbeingsandhuman31.Dickenscastsalightonwhoweareduringthebestoftimesandtheworstoftimes.That’swhywestillneedto32himtoday.18．A．always B．never C．hardly D．often19．A．top B．dusty C．library D．outstanding20．A．profits B．sales C．excitement D．opinions21．A．acceptable B．unforgettable C．reliable D．available22．A．surprised B．bothered C．frightened D．excited23．A．destination B．function C．investigation D．organization24．A．heavily B．easily C．hardly D．quickly25．A．continued B．waited C．started D．repeated26．A．sought B．proposed C．demanded D．found27．A．noticing B．losing C．knowing D．explaining28．A．hoping B．believing C．realizing D．worrying29．A．control B．belief C．comprehension D．limit30．A．instructors B．actors C．characters D．spirit31．A．suffering B．rights C．impact D．nature32．A．comment B．admire C．read D．respect四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。HarvardisolderthantheUnitedStates.Intheearly1630ssomesettlerssuggestedthatauniversity33(found)justtoimprovethequalityoftheirdescendantssothattheycould34(well)buildthenewhome.Thus,itwasestablishedin1636byvoteoftheGreatandGeneralCourtoftheMassachusettsBayColony.Likemanyother35(university)atthattime,Harvardattheearlystageoftenranintofinancialcrisis.TheschoolboardoftenhadtogotoEuropetoraise36(donate),butasyoucanpredict,theyoftencameback37theirhandsempty.In1638,JohnHarvard,pastorofCharlestown,passedaway.Helefthislibraryandhalfhisestatetotheinstitution,38werethebiggestdonationeversinceitsestablishment.Therefore,theuniversitywasnamedafterhisname.Today,youcanfindastatueofJohnHarvard39(stand)infrontoftheUniversityHallinHarvardYard,anditisperhapstheuniversity’sbest40(know)landmark.Likeotherworldfamousuniversities,HarvardalsohasmanycollegesandHarvardBusinessSchoolisoneofthem.Thereis41sayingineducationthatHarvardisthecrownofAmericaneducation42HarvardBusinessSchoolistheshiningdiamondonit.五、根据首字母填写单词43．ApowerfulearthquakestruckAfghanistanlastweekandInternationalr________suppliesincludingtents,foodandmedicinehavereachedtheaffectedareas.（根据首字母单词拼写）44．Thankstoe-commerce,peoplecanorderwhatevertheywantusingfoodd________appsontheirphones.(根据首字母单词拼写)45．Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstobea__________intotheface-to-faceinterviewofAlibabaGroup.（根据首字母单词拼写）46．C________thefearandconcentratingonwhatyouaredoing—that’swherethebiggestjoycomesfrom.(根据首字母单词拼写)47．One’sa________________ofliteraturedependsonone’slevelofaestheticknowledge.（根据首字母单词拼写）48．Aftergoingthroughn________failures,hefinallysucceededindevelopingsoftware.(根据首字母单词拼写)49．Theboyspokeinpublicforanhourwithoutr______tohisnotes.(根据首字母单词拼写)50．Asac_____ofhishardwork,myelderbrotherwaseventuallyadmittedtoNanjingUniversity.(根据首字母拼写单词)六、根据汉语意思填写单词51．Thebuildingworkwillgoahead,despite________(抗议)fromlocalresidents.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）52．Heobservedthatthebacteria__________(围绕)themouldweredead.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)53．ThemusicofBeatleshas________(陪伴)manypeoplethroughouttheirlife.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）54．Atyphoonisa____________(毁灭性的)stormthathappensinthenorth-westPacificOcean.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)55．Therehasbeenashiftof________（重点）frommanufacturingtoserviceindustries.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）56．Luna________(生动地)describedhertriptoAthensonourwayhome.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)57．Anyonewhomakescontributionstothecountry________(值得)respectfromus.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)七、邀请信58．假定你是李华。下周，你市将在东山公园(DongshanPark)举办首届室外雕塑展。请给你班交换生Allen写一封电子邮件，邀请他和你一同前往参观。内容包括：1.活动时间及地点；2.介绍展览内容；3.期待对方回复。注意：写作词数应为80左右。DearAllen,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua八、读后续写59．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成篇完整的短文。MywifeandthechildrenandImovedfromourruralhomeinVirginiasothatIcouldberetrainedforanewcareer.Itmeantthatwemustleaveourbestfriendbehind,Zachary,asix-year-oldblackdog.Thiswasforhisgoodbecauseifhecontinuedtostaywithus,hewouldbemiserablychainedupinsuburbanBirminghamwhilewewereawayfromhomeeveryday.Weallagreedthatheshouldremainfreeandexplorethecountryside.Wefoundfriendsoffriends,faracrossthecounty,overamountain,beyondthehighwaytohelpraisehim.Theywouldbegladtogivehimanewhome.HetrembledbesidemeasIdrovehimthere.AndIlefthimtearfully,watchinghimstandingathisnewhouse’sdoor,disappearinginthedistanceoftherearviewmirror(后视镜)asIdroveawayfromhimforever.Ayearlater,inournewhome,wegotacallfromthepeoplewhoboughtourfarmhouseandmywifetookthephone.Shewastoldthattherewasastrangeblackdogappearingthereseveraldaysago.Thedogwasrightthinandhispawsdidn’tlooksogood.Hejustseemedsortoflostandconfused.Ourformerneighborsdowntheroadrecognizedthathewasourolddog.Hangingupthephone,mywifeturnedtomewithtearsofjoyandregret,sayinganxiously,“ItmustbeZacharyandhefoundhiswayhome.He’slookingforus.Fred,youhavetogoandgethim.”“Yes,Iwill”,Icomfortedmywife.Thenextday,drivenbyforcesbeyondreason,mydaughterandIdrovetenhourstoouroldfarmhouse,nearwhichwefoundourbestfriend.Yes,itwasZacharyforsure,thoughthinnerthanwehadleft.【注意】1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。Paragraph1:TheinstantIsawhim,manymemoriescrowdedmymind.Paragraph2:WhenIgotoffthecar,Zacharyrecognizedmeatonceandmadeadashforme.参考答案1．A2．C3．B4．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项法国研究，认为和宠物猫用特殊语调说话是有效的，受到宠物猫关注。以往研究只曾在狗身上展示出类似结果，这是首次在猫身上进行，具有里程碑意义，并需要进一步从其他角度进行扩展。1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Theteamfoundthatfelinestendedtoreacttotheirownerspeakingincat-directedspeech—butnottotheirownerspeakinginadulttonesortoastrangerusingeitheradult-orcat-directedspeech.(研究小组发现，猫倾向于对它们的主人用猫的语气说话做出反应，但对它们的主人用成人语气说话或对陌生人用成人或猫的语气说话却没有反应。)”可知宠物猫明显对主人的主人的猫式语气反应明显。故选A项。2．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Somepeoplemightbeembarrassedaboutusingspecialvocalizationsforcats,shesays,butthisresearchshows“peopleshouldn’tbeashamed.”(她说，有些人可能会对猫使用特殊的……感到尴尬，但这项研究表明“人们不应该感到羞耻”。)”可知划线单词的意思为“声音”，有些人可能会对猫使用特殊的声音感到尴尬。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Thentheyfilmedeachcatbefore,duringandafterplayingitaseriesofrecordingsofitsownerandotherowners’speech.Theresearchersusedsoftwaretoratethecats’reactionsfrommultipledimensions,makingtheresultmoreconvincing.(然后，他们给每只猫播放一系列主人和其他主人讲话的录音之前、期间和之后，对它们进行了拍摄。研究人员使用软件从多个维度对猫的反应进行评分，使结果更有说服力)”可知该研究有计算机软件支持，从多方面对猫的反应进行了综合分析使得Mouzon的研究更加可靠，故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butshenotesthestudyistoosmallandthatfutureworkisneededtoexpandtheresearchtoothercatpopulations.(但她指出，这项研究规模太小，未来的工作需要扩大)”可知虽然试验对猫有一定参考意义，但未来的研究还需要拓宽样本的数量和种类，故选A项。5．A6．C7．A8．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候去祖父的农场，对那里岌岌可危的石墙很感兴趣，尽管大人们反对他去爬，但是祖父鼓励他按照自己的想法去做。这一次经历给作者留下深刻的人生哲理：人们就会喜欢真实的你。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Surroundedbymilesofwindingstonewalls,thehouseandfieldprovidedendlesshoursoffunforacitykidlikeme.(房子和田地被绵延数英里的蜿蜒石墙环绕着，为像我这样的城市孩子提供了无尽的乐趣。)”可知，作者是一个来自城市的孩子。故选A。6．词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Sincemyfirstvisittothefarm,Ihadwantedmorethananythingtobeallowedtoclimbthestonewallssurroundingthehouses.(自从我第一次来到农场，我最渴望的就是能够爬上房子周围的石墙。)”可知，父母绝不会同意他爬石墙的。所以approve为“同意，赞成”之意。故选C。7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Sincemyfirstvisittothefarm,Ihadwantedmorethananythingtobeallowedtoclimbthestonewallssurroundingthehouses.Myparentswouldneverapprove.Thewallswereold;somestonesweremissing,otherslooseandfalling.Still,myideatoclimbacrossthosewallsgrewsostrongthatfinally,onespringafternoon,Ihadallmycouragetoenterthelivingroom,wheretheadultshadgatheredafterSundaydinner.(自从我第一次来到农场，我最渴望的就是能够爬上房子周围的石墙。我父母绝不会同意的。墙壁很旧；有些石头不见了，有些松动了，正在下落。尽管如此，我想翻越那些墙的念头越来越强烈，终于，在一个春天的下午，我鼓起所有的勇气走进了客厅，大人们在周日晚餐后聚集在那里。)”可知，虽然石墙已经很破旧了，但是，作者想要爬过那些墙的念头还是越来越强烈，由此可推知，他是一个有冒险精神的人。故选A。8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Therehavebeenchangesovertheyears,butonethingremainsthesame:mymessagetochildrenattheendofalmosteveryvisit.“There’sonlyonepersoninthiswholeworldlikeyou.”thekidscancountonhearingmesay,“andpeoplecanlikeyouexactlyasyouare.”(这些年来，情况发生了变化，但有一件事是不变的：我在几乎每次探访结束时对孩子们说的话。“这个世界上只有一个人像你。”孩子们可以指望听到我说，“人们就会喜欢真实的你。”)”可知，作者从祖父的话和自己的经历中学到了“做真实的自己”这一生活哲理。故选D。9．C10．B11．C12．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的人工智能研究对人工智能持更为积极的态度，特别是在医疗保健领域，可能还有教育领域。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及专家对人工智能的担忧。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“You’veheardthepredictionsfromsomeofthebrightestmindsaboutAI’sinfluence.TeslaandSpaceX’schiefElonMuskworriesthatAIisfarmoredangerousthannuclearweapons.ThelatescientistStephenHawkingwarnedthatAIcouldserveasthe“worsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization”unlesshumanityispreparedforitspossiblerisks.(你已经听过一些最聪明的人对人工智能影响的预测。特斯拉和SpaceX首席执行官ElonMusk担心，人工智能比核武器危险得多。已故科学家史蒂芬·霍金警告称，除非人类对可能的风险做好准备，否则人工智能可能会成为“我们文明史上最糟糕的事件”)”可推知，第一段提到了斯蒂芬·霍金是为了证明伟大的科学家非常担心人工智能的未来。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Pewcanvassedtheopinionsof979expertsoverthesummer,agroupthatincludedfamoustechnologists,developers,innovators,businessandpolicyleaders.(整个夏天，Pew调查了979位专家的意见，其中包括著名的技术专家、开发人员、创新者、企业和政策领袖)”可知，B选项“Pew向不同领域的专家征求意见”正确。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Aboveall,bytakingdatainandspittinganswersout,those“blackbox”toolsmakedecisionsindigitalsystems.Itisanerosioninourabilitytothinkforourselves.(最重要的是，通过输入数据和输出答案，这些“黑盒子”工具在数字系统中做出决策。它侵蚀了我们独立思考的能力)”可知，一些专家担心“黑盒子”工具是因为它们可能会削弱我们独立思考的能力。故选C。12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Butathirdthoughtotherwise,andamajorityoftheexpertsexpressedatleastsomeconcernsoverthelong-termimpactofAIonthe“essentialelementsofbeinghuman”.Amongthoseconcernsweredataabuse,lossofjobsandlossofcontrolbroughtbyautonomousweaponsandcybercrime.Aboveall,bytakingdatainandspittinganswersout,those“blackbox”toolsmakedecisionsindigitalsystems.Itisanerosioninourabilitytothinkforourselves.(但有三分之一的人不这么认为，大多数专家至少对人工智能对“人类的基本要素”的长期影响表示了一些担忧。这些担忧包括数据滥用、失业以及自动武器和网络犯罪带来的控制权丧失。最重要的是，通过输入数据和输出答案，这些“黑盒子”工具在数字系统中做出决策。它侵蚀了我们独立思考的能力)”可知，最后一段主要讲了专家对人工智能的担忧。故选A。13．B14．G15．D16．F17．E【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章针对演讲不受欢迎的三大原因——读幻灯片、对主题一无所知和使用过多的“嗯”“啊”感叹词——分别给出了建议。13．上文“Thinkbacktoyourlastpresentation.(回想一下你上次的演讲。)”提到了回想上一次的演讲；下文“Andweretheyengagedinwhatyouweresaying?(他们参与了你所说的吗？)”提出了一个问题：他们有没有参与到你所说的？由此可推知，设空处也应是一个问句。B项“Werepeopleinterested?(人们感兴趣吗？)”与下文的they对应。故选B项。14．上文“Withavisualaid,youtendtolookbackandreadwhatyouhavealreadywritten.(最讨厌的演讲习惯也是最容易成为受害者的习惯之一。有了视觉辅助，你倾向于回顾和阅读你已经写过的东西。)”提到了有了视觉辅助，会倾向于回顾和阅读已经写过的东西；下文“Byreadingyourslides,youshownoadditionalinformation,andthereforegiveyouraudiencenoreasontokeeplisteningoncetheyhavefinishedreadingtheslidethemselves.(通过阅读你的幻灯片，你没有展示额外的信息，因此给你的听众没有理由继续听，一旦他们自己看完幻灯片。)”提到了如果仅仅阅读幻灯片，没有展示额外的信息，那么观众看完幻灯片后就没有理由继续听了。由此可推知，设空处也应与读幻灯片内容有关。G项“However,allthisshowsisthatyoucandowhatyouraudiencecanaswell.(然而，所有这些都表明，你做了你的观众能做的事情。)”与上下文对应。故选G项。15．上文“OneguidelineIfindespeciallyeffectiveistoensureeachslidehasnomorethansixmainpoints,andnomorethansixwordsperpoint.(我发现一个特别有效的指导方针是确保每张幻灯片不超过6个要点，每个要点不超过6个单词。)”提到了一个方法——确保每张幻灯片不超过6个要点，每个要点不超过6个单词。由此可推知，设空处说明上文这么做的作用。D项“Thisstopsyouoverloadingyourslideswithinformation.(这样可以防止幻灯片上的信息过多。)”中的this与上文ensureeachslidehasnomorethansixmainpoints,andnomorethansixwordsperpoint对应。故选D项。16．设空处位于段首，下文“Themorepreparedyouare,thebetteryoucaneffectivelyavoidsoundinglikeyou’veneverevenheardofyourtopicbefore.(你准备得越充分，你就越能有效地避免听起来好像你以前从未听说过你的话题。)”提到了另一个方法：充分准备。由此可知，设空处应为本段主旨句。F项“Avoidinganotherannoyinghabitcomesdowntoonefactor:preparation.(避免另一个恼人的习惯可以归结为一个因素：准备。)”与下文对应。故选F项。17．设空处位于段末，上文“Thethirdmostannoyinghabitwasusingmany“umms”and“uhhs”,asymptomofnotcommunicatingeffectively.Thiscouldbearesultofstagefright,butmoreoftenthannottheseinterjections(感叹词)happenunconsciously.(第三个最讨厌的习惯是不停地“嗯”和“啊”，这是沟通效率低下的表现。这可能是怯场的结果，但更多的时候，这些感叹词是在无意识中发生的。)”提到了一些无意识发生的感叹词，可知，空处要说明这些词产生的不好影响。E项“Despitehowinnocenttheyseem,theycanruinyourcredibility.(不管他们看起来多么无辜，他们都会毁掉你的信誉。)”中的they与上文的interjections对应。故选E项。18．C19．D20．C21．A22．B23．C24．B25．A26．A27．C28．B29．A30．C31．D32．C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述的是我们今天仍然读狄更斯的书的原因。18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：走进任何一家书店，你都会不可避免地“偶遇”查尔斯·狄更斯。A.always总是；B.never绝不，从不；C.hardly几乎不；D.often常常。根据下文“FromOliverTwisttoATaleofTwoCities,manyofDickens’worksstillsellwelltoday”可知，走近任何一家书店人们都不可避免地会“偶遇”查尔斯·狄更斯。Hardly“几乎不”符合语境，never“绝不”太绝对。故选C。19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从《雾都孤儿》到《双城记》，狄更斯的许多作品至今仍卖得很好，并被放在了显眼的货架上。A.top顶部的，最上面的；B.dusty有灰尘的；C.library图书馆；D.outstanding显眼的。根据“FromOliverTwisttoATaleofTwoCities,manyofDickens’worksstillsellwelltoday”推知，他的书被放在显眼的货架上。故选D。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我告诉学生们，他的写作在读者中创造了一种“下周见”式的兴奋。A.profits利润；B.sales销售；C.excitement

兴奋；D.opinions观点。结合常识可知“tune-in-next-week”是人们对狄更斯写作特点的评价。狄更斯笔下人物个性鲜明生动形象，因此读者读这些故事感到很兴奋，想知道故事接下来的发展。故选C。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我当时给出的答案是可以接受的。A.acceptable可接受的；B.unforgettable难忘的；C.reliable可靠的；D.available可以利用的，有空的。根据下文““Becauseheteachesyouhowtothink,”Isaid.”可知，作者当时对学生提出的问题的回答是可接受的。故选A。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题困扰了我多年，多年来我一直告诉自己答案，但从未完全满意。A.surprised使……惊讶；B.bothered打扰，烦扰；C.frightened使……害怕；D.excited使……兴奋。根据“andforyearsItoldmyselfanswers,butneverwithcompletesatisfaction.”可知，学生的那个问题困扰了作者很多年。故选B。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们读狄更斯是因为他对人类心理的研究很深入。A.destination目的地；B.function作用；C.investigation调查，研究；D.organization组织。根据“ofthehumanpsyche”并结合狄更斯的作品可知，此处指他对人类心理的研究很深入。故选C。24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们读狄更斯是因为我们可以从他笔下人物的经历中学习，这几乎和我们从自己的经验中学习一样容易。A.heavily沉重地，在很大程度上；B.easily容易地；C.hardly几乎不；D.quickly快速地。根据“wecanlearnfromourownexperiences.”可知，此处指从狄更斯作品里的人物经历中学习就如同从我们自己的经历中学习一样，是非常容易地。（作者通过这句话表达狄更斯的写作贴近生活）。故选B。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我继续寻找答案，但从未成功，直到有一天我的一个学生发来短信。A.continued继续；B.waited等待；C.started开始；D.repeated重复。根据上文“TheseareallwonderfulreasonstoreadDickens.ButthesearenotexactlythereasonswhyIreadDickens.”可知，作者继续寻找答案。故选A。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然很简单，但这就是我多年来一直寻求的解释。A.sought寻找；B.proposed提倡；C.demanded要求；D.found发现。根据上文“Mysearchforananswer8butneverwithsuccess”再结合本句可知，作者收到学生的短信后，觉得她所说的就是自己寻求多年的答案。故选A。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和大多数人一样，我不知不觉就知道自己是谁。A.noticing注意到；B.losing失去；C.knowing知道；D.explaining解释。结合本段下文陈述的内容可知，我们在阅读狄更斯的小说时把自己看作了其中的某个角色（因为自己和这个角色有相似之处），因此不知不觉就知