TED-睡眠不足会发生什么中英文稿

,.TED：睡眠不足会发生什么？In1965,17year-oldhighschoolstudentRandyGardnerstayawakefor264hours,that's11days,toseehowhe'dcopewithoutsleep.On精品文档放心下载theseconddayhiseyesstoppedfocusing.Nexthelosttheabilitytoidentifyobjectsbytouch.Bydaythree,Gardnerwasmoodyand谢谢阅读uncoordinated.Attheendoftheexperiment,hewasstrugglingtoconcentrate,hadtroublewithshorttermmemory,becameparanoidand精品文档放心下载startedhallucinating.AlthoughGardnerrecoveredwithoutlongtermpsychologicalorphysicaldamage,forotherslosingshut-eyecan谢谢阅读resultinhormoneimbalance,illness,andextremecases,death.We'reonlybeginningtounderstandwhywesleeptobeginwith,butwedo精品文档放心下载knowit'sessential.Adultsneed7to8hourssleepatnight,andadolescentsneedabout10.谢谢阅读1965年，17岁的高中生兰迪加纳德持续264小时，也就是11天不睡觉，想看看会发生什么。在持续不睡的第二天，他的眼睛停止了聚焦。随精品文档放心下载后，他丧失了通过触摸鉴别事物的能力。到了第三天，加纳德变得焦躁且笨拙。实验结束时，他已经不能集中注意力。短期记忆力出现问题，变得偏执感谢阅读且开始出现幻觉。虽然实验并未对加纳德造成任何心理或生理上的长期损伤，但对有些人来说，不睡觉会导致激素分泌失调，疾病甚至死亡。一开始我精品文档放心下载们只是意识到人类需要睡眠。却不知道其根本原因。成年人每晚需要7至8小时的睡眠，青少年则需要10小时。谢谢阅读Wegrowsleepyduethesignalsfromourbodytellingourbrainwearetired,andsignalsfromtheenvironmenttellingusit'sdarkoutside.谢谢阅读Theriseinsleepinducingchemicals,likeadenosineandmelatonin,sendusintoalightdosethatgrowsdeeper.Makingourbreathingand感谢阅读,.heartrateslowdownandourmusclesrelax.ThisnonREMsleepiswhenDNAisrepairedandourbodiesreplenishthemselvesfortheday精品文档放心下载ahead.IntheUnitedStates,it'sestimatedthat30%ofadultsand66%ofadolescentsareregularlysleep-deprived.Thisisn'tjust精品文档放心下载aminorinconvenience.Stayingawakecancauseseriousbodilyharm.Whenwelosesleep,learning,memory,mood,andreactiontimeare精品文档放心下载affected.Sleeplessnessmayalsocauseinflammation,hallucinations,highbloodpressure,andit'sevenbeenlinkedtodiabetesandobesity,感谢阅读in2014,adevotedsoccerfandiedafterstayingawakefor48hrstowatchtheworldcup.Whilehisuntimelydeathwasduetoastroke,精品文档放心下载studiesshowthatchronicallysleepingfewerthan6hoursanightincreasingstrokeriskby4.5times,comparedtothosegettingconsistent7感谢阅读to8hoursofshut-eye.Forahandfulofpeopleontheplanetwhocarryarareinheritedgeneticmutation,sleeplessnessisadailyreality.This感谢阅读conditionisknownasfatalfamilyinsomnia.Placethebodyinanightmirrorstateofwakefulness,forbiddingitfromentering感谢阅读thesanctuaryofsleep.Withinmonthsforyears,thisprogressivelyworseningconditionleadstodementiaanddeath.感谢阅读我们觉得困倦时因为身体向大脑发出了疲倦的信号。也因为外界环境给予了我们天黑的信号。人体则加量分泌能增进睡意的化学物质，如腺苷和谢谢阅读褪黑激素。让我们的呼吸和心跳频率降低并使肌肉放松。这种非快速眼动睡眠发生在DNA修复以及身体自我补给时。调查发现美国30%的成年人与66%感谢阅读的青少年睡眠不足。可别小看了睡眠不足的后果。一直不睡觉会严重损害身体健康。当我们长时间不睡觉时，学习能力、记忆力、情绪以及反应能力将谢谢阅读受到影响。缺乏睡眠也可能导致炎症、幻觉、高血压，甚至糖尿病和肥胖都与睡眠不足有关。2014年就有一位足球死忠粉在持续48小时观看世界杯后精品文档放心下载,.死亡。虽说他的早逝归根结底是因为中风，但研究表明夜间睡眠少于6小时的人同长期保持7-8小时睡眠的人相比，中风的风险会增加4.5倍。对那些谢谢阅读携带罕见病变遗传基因的人来说失眠是常事。这种被称作致命性家族性失眠的现象，能让身体在夜里处于清醒状态，禁止其入睡。不出数年这种逐渐恶感谢阅读化的症状会导致精神错乱和死亡。Howcansleepdeprivationcausesuchimmensesuffering?Scientiststhinktheanswerlieswiththeaccumulationofwasteproductsinthe感谢阅读brain.Duringourwakinghours,ourcellsarebusyusingupourday'senergysources,whichgetbrokendownintovariousby-products,谢谢阅读includingadenosine.Asadenosinebuildsup,itincreasestheurgetosleep,alsoknownassleeppressure.Infact,caffeineworks感谢阅读byblockingadenosinereceptorpathways.Otherwasteproductsalsobuildupinthebrain,andifthey'renotclearedaway,theycollectively谢谢阅读overloadthebrainandourthoughttoleadtothemanynegativesymptomsofsleepdeprivation.Sowhat'shappeninginourbrainwhenwe谢谢阅读sleep,topreventthis?ScientistsfoundsomethingcalledtheGlymphaticSystem,aclean-upmechanismthatremovesthisbuildupandis感谢阅读muchmoreactivewhenwe'reasleep.Itworksbyusingcerebrospinalfluidtoflushawaytoxicby-productsthataccumulatebetween谢谢阅读cells.Lymphaticvessels,withserveaspathwaysforimmunecellshaverecentlybeendiscoveredinthebrain,andtheymayalsoplayarolein精品文档放心下载clearingoutthebrain'sdailywasteproducts.Whilescientistscontinueexploringtherestorativemechanismsbehindsleep,wecanbesure谢谢阅读thatsleepingintoslumberisanecessity,ifwewannamaintainourhealthandoursanity.感谢阅读,.睡眠不足为何如此痛苦呢？科学家们认为其原因为大脑中废物的累积。当我们清醒时，细胞正忙于消耗我们一天中产生的能量。而这些能量的产感谢阅读生会分解出各种副产品，例如腺苷。腺苷的不断产生会使睡眠欲望增加。这样的欲望也被称作睡眠压力。事实上，咖啡因就是通过阻碍腺苷的接收途径谢谢阅读来发挥作用的。其它的垃圾产物也会在大脑中堆积。而如果它们不被清理掉，大脑将超负荷运转。同时可能引起许多睡眠不足的不良症状。所以当我们谢谢阅读睡着时，大脑是如何防止这种情况发生的呢？科学家们发现了脑部的类淋巴系统。它是一种可以清除这些垃圾产物的清洁机制。并且在我们睡眠时比较精品文档放心下载活跃。这种机制利用脑脊髓液将细胞间积累的有毒副产品冲刷掉。最后研究员发现在大脑中作为免疫细胞通道的淋巴血管。这些血管可能也起到了清理谢谢阅读大脑日常垃圾的作用。尽管科学家们还在继续探索人睡着后的修复机制，我们可以肯定的是，如果我们想保持健康的身心良好的睡眠是非常必要的。谢谢阅读序号 生词 音标 词性 Definition/'perə.nɔɪd/Characterizedbyorsufferingfromthementalc1paranoidadjonditionofparanoiaExperienceaseeminglyrealperceptionofsome/həˈlusɪneɪt/VERB2hallucinatethingnotactuallypresent,typicallyasaresulto[NOOBJECT]famentaldisorderoroftakingdrugs感谢阅读/sʌɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/Of,affecting,orarisinginthemind;relatedtot3psychologicaladjhementalandemotionalstateofaperson感谢阅读

中文解释多疑的；恐惧的；患偏执症的；有妄想狂的vt.使产生幻觉adj.心理的;精神上的，精神（现象）的;心理学（上）的;精品文档放心下载,.4 hormone /h m n/ n5 adolescent /.d 'les()nt/ n感谢阅读NOUN6adenosine/dn()sin/[MASSNOUN]Biochemistry精品文档放心下载NOUN7melatonin/mltnn/[MASSNOUN]BiochemistryVERB8replenish/rpln/[WITHOBJECT]

Aregulatory/rɡjlt()ri/调整的;监管的substa感谢阅读nceproduced inanorganism and transportedi感谢阅读ntissuefluids组织液suchasblood orsap/sp/精品文档放心下载（植物体内运送养分的）液，汁tostimulatespecificcellsortissuesintoaction.谢谢阅读An adolescentboy orgirl精品文档放心下载Acompoundconsistingofadeninecombinedwithribose,presentinalllivingtissueincombinedformasnucleotides.感谢阅读Ahormone secretedbythepinealglandwhich感谢阅读inhibitsmelanin formationand isthought tobe精品文档放心下载concerned withregulatingthereproductivecycl精品文档放心下载e.松果体分泌的一种激素，抑制黑色素的形成，被认为与调节生殖周期有关。感谢阅读1.Fill(something) up again:感谢阅读1.1Restore(astockorsupply)toaformer leve精品文档放心下载

关于心理学的荷尔蒙;激素青少年腺苷褪黑激素vt.补充;重新装满;把…装满;,.lorcondition:9

sleep-deprived

ADJECTIVE

Sufferingfromalackofsleep:感谢阅读

睡眠不足的；睡眠严重不足的；剥夺了睡眠的/dɪˈprʌɪvd/Sufferingasevereanddamaginglackofbasic10deprivedADJECTIVEmaterialandculturalbenefits感谢阅读/ˈmʌɪnə/Lesserinimportance,seriousness,orsignificanc11minorADJECTIVEadj.较小的，少数的e:ThestateorfactofbeingtroublesomeordifficNOUNn.不方便;麻烦;为难之处;12inconvenience/ɪnkənˈviːnɪəns/ultwithregardtoone’spersonalrequirements[MASSNOUN]麻烦事orcomfort:/ˈsliːpləsnəs/NOUN13SleeplessnessInabilitytosleep;insomnian.失眠，警觉[MASSNOUN]Alocalizedphysicalconditioninwhichpartoft14inflammationNOUNhebodybecomesreddened,swollen,hot,and/ɪnfləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/n.[医]炎症;燃烧;发火[MASSNOUN]oftenpainful,especiallyasareactiontoinjuryorinfection,.15hallucination/həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/nAnexperienceinvolvingtheapparentperceptionn.幻觉，幻想;错觉ofsomethingnotpresent(alsodiabetesmellitus/dʌɪəˌbiːtiːzmɪˈlʌɪtəs/)Adiseaseinwhichthebody’sabilitytoproduceorrespondtothehormoneinsulinisimpaired,resultinginabnormalmetabolismofcarbohydratesandelevatedlevelsofglucoseintheblood.16diabetesNOUNTherearetwomaintypesofdiabetes.InType/dʌɪəˈbiːtiːz/n.<医>糖尿病;[MASSNOUN]1diabetes,thebodylacksthecellswhichproduceinsulininthepancreas.InType2diabetes谢谢阅读(whichismorecommon,andoftendevelopslat谢谢阅读erinlife)thecellsofthebodyfailtorespond感谢阅读toinsulinnormallyandthepancreasdoesnot谢谢阅读produceenoughinsulin.Seealsodiabetesinsipi谢谢阅读dusNOUN17obesity/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/[MASSNOUN]18 stroke /strəʊk/ n

Thestateofbeinggrosslyfatoroverweight n.肥胖，过胖;肥胖症谢谢阅读Asuddendisablingattackorlossofconsciousnn.中风;一击;击球;划水动作;esscausedbyaninterruptionintheflowofblo,.odtothebrain,especiallythroughthrombosis谢谢阅读(Inrelationtoillness)inapersistentandrecurriADVERBadv.慢性地，习惯性地，长期/ˈkrɒnɪk(ə)li/ngway19chronically[USUALLYASS地（关于疾病）是一个持久的和经常性的方式UBMODIFIER]次修饰语，就是强调副词,用在形容词前面修饰形容词的./mjuteɪʃ(ə)n/NOUN20mutationn.变化;转变;突变;变异[MASSNOUN]/ɪnˈsɒmnɪə/NOUN21insomniaHabitualsleeplessness;inabilitytosleep.n.[医]失眠，失眠症[MASSNOUN]/ˈsaŋ(k)tjʊəri/Refugeorsafetyfrompursuit,persecution,oron.避难所;庇护所;圣所;庇22sanctuaryn护therdangerAchronicorpersistentdisorderofthementalpNOUNrocessescausedbybraindiseaseorinjuryandmarkedbymemorydisorders,personalitychang/dɪˈmɛnʃə/[MASSNOUN]23dementian.[医]痴呆，精神混乱es,andimpairedreasoning.精品文档放心下载Medicine大脑疾病或损伤引起的精神过程的一种慢性或持续性的紊乱，并有记忆障碍、人格改变、推理障碍。24deprivation/dɛprɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n/Thedamaginglackofmaterialbenefitsconsidernedtobebasicnecessitiesinasociety精品文档放心下载/ɪˈmɛns/Extremelylargeorgreat,especiallyinscaleord25immenseadjegree26 by-products nAnalkaloidcompoundwhichisfoundespecially/ˈkæfin/NOUN27caffeineinteaandcoffeeplantsandisastimulantof[MASSNOUN]thecentralnervoussystem.谢谢阅读NOUNTheactionorfactofblockingorobstructingso28blocking/blɒkɪŋ/meoneorsomething[MASSNOUN]NOUNAnorganorcellabletorespondtolight,heat,29receptor/rɪˈsɛptə/Physiologyorotherexternalstimulusandtransmitasigna生理学ltoasensorynerve

,.n.剥夺;丧失;免职，废止adj.极大的，巨大的;浩瀚的，无边际的;〈口〉非常好的;弘道精品文档放心下载副产品(by-product的名词复数);意外结果，副作用谢谢阅读[药]咖啡因;咖啡碱;茶精（兴奋剂）堵塞(block的现在分词);阻碍[生]感受器，受体;[电]感受器，接收器;[化]接受器;感觉器官感谢阅读30 symptoms /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ n Aphysicalormentalfeaturewhichisregarded n.症状(symptom的名词复精品文档放心下载Glymphatics31nystem32 Lymphatic /lɪm'fætɪk/ adj谢谢阅读/ˌsɛrɪbrə(ʊ)ˈspʌɪn(ə)ADJECTIVE33cerebrospinalAnatomyl/34 toxic /ˈtɒksɪk/ adj35 vessel /ˈvɛs(ə)l/ n36 restorative /rɪˈstɒrətɪv/ adj感谢阅读

,.asindicatingaconditionofdisease,particularly 数);征兆精品文档放心下载suchafeaturethatisapparenttothepatient:感谢阅读afunctionalwasteclearancepathwayfortheve谢谢阅读rtebratecentralnervoussystem(CNS)谢谢阅读脊椎动物中枢神经系统的功能性废物清除途径adj.淋巴的;分泌淋巴的;输PhysiologyRelatingtolymphoritssecretion:谢谢阅读送淋巴的;（指人）苍白无力的Relatingtothebrainandspine. adj.脑脊髓的精品文档放心下载adj.有毒的;中毒的;因中毒Poisonous引起的Anatomy&ZoologyAductorcanalholdingor感谢阅读conveyingbloodorotherfluid.Seealsoblood感谢阅读[医][血]管，脉管vessel.解剖及动物管或管有或输送血液或其他液体。又见血管。1.Havingtheabilitytorestorehealth,strength,感谢阅读adj.有恢复健康作用的，滋补orwell-being:,.2.Surgery&DentistryRelatingtotherestoratio精品文档放心下载nofformorfunctiontoadamagedtoothoro谢谢阅读therpartofthebody.

的37 slumber /ˈslʌmbə/ n Asleep n.微睡，安眠，熟睡;蛰伏感谢阅读NOUNTheabilitytothinkandbehaveinanormalann.神志正常;心智健康;头脑38sanity/'sænəti/drationalmanner;soundmentalhealth清楚;通情达理[MASSNOUN]Amentalconditioncharacterizedbydelusionsofpersecution,unwarrantedjealousy,orexaggeratedself-importance,typicallyworkedintoanor/ˌparəˈnɔɪə/<医>妄想狂;偏执狂;（对别39paranoianganizedsystem.Itmaybeanaspectofchronic人的）瞎猜疑;疑神疑鬼personalitydisorder,ofdrugabuse,orofaseriousconditionsuchasschizophreniainwhicht精品文档放心下载hepersonlosestouchwithreality.感谢阅读40 delusions /dɪˈluːʒ(ə)n/ n n.欺骗;谬见;错觉;妄想精品文档放心下载/pəːsɪˈkjuːʃn/Hostilityandill-treatment,especiallybecauseofn.迫害或受迫害，烦扰;苛求，41persecutionn困扰raceorpoliticalorreligiousbeliefs;