2023年高考英语复习全国通用第13讲阅读理解主旨大意题(测)(原卷版)

第丁讲悦〕读理解王旨大意题（测）

时间：45分钟满分：50分

阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）

A

（2018•上海•高考真题）Bitcoinandotherso-calledcryptocurrencies（加密货币）havebeenalloverthe

newslately.Apparently,theideaofmoneythat'snottiedtoaspecificbank-oraspecificcountry-isappealing

tomany.Butit'sworthrememberingthatthebankingsystemthatwenowalllivewithisjustthat：Amodem

invention.Notsolongago,moneywasalmostalwayscreatedandusedlocally,andbarteringwascommon.（In

fact,itstilliscommonamongmanyonlinelocalnetworks,liketheBuyNothingProject.）.

Inthepast,money'smakeupvariedfromplacetoplace,dependingonwhatwasconsideredvaluablethere.

Sowhilesomeoftheworld*sfirstcoinsweremadefromanaturallyoccurringhybridofgoldandsilvercalled

electrum（银金矿）,objectsotherthancoinshaveservedascurrency,includingbeads,ivory,livestock,and

cowrieshells.InWestAfrica,braceletsofbronzeorcopperwereusedascash,especiallyifthetransactionwas

associatedwiththeslavetradethere.Throughoutthecolonialperiod,tobaccowasusedtoreplacecoinsorpaper

billsinVirginia,MarylandandNorthCarolina,eventhoughitwasusedelsewhereinthecoloniesandextensively

throughoutEuropeandtheU.K.

Today,onanislandinthePacific,aspecifictypeofshellstillservesascurrency-andsomepeoplethereare

evenhoarding（贮存）it,justlikeBitcoinmoguls,convincedthatoneday,itwillmakethemwealthybeyond

imagination.OnMalaita,themost-populatedislandthat'spartoftheSolomonIslands,shellsareacceptedatmost

placesinexchangeforgoods.

“Howmuchtuna（金枪鱼）youcangetforyourshellsdependsontheircolorandshape,"MaryBruno,ashop

ownerfromthesmalltownofAuki,onMalaita,toldVice."Onestripofdarkershellsmightgetyouabouttwo

cansofsmallertuna,buttheredonesareworthmore.Fortheredones,onestripmightgetenoughtunatofeeda

bigfamilyforalongtime.”

Justlikeamintthatcreatescoins,there'sonlyoneplaceontheislandwheretheshells,whicharepolished

andstrungtogethertoform3-fbot-longropes,aremade.Thestripsofred,white,andblackshellsallcomefrom

LangaLangaLagoon,whereartificialislandswerelong-agobuiltbylocalstoescapefromtheisland-dwelling

cannibals.Oncemarooned（困住）outontheirislands,localsneededacurrencytouseamongthemselves,andso

theshellcurrencywasborn.

UsingshellsformoneywascommonthroughoutthePacificislandsaslateastheearly1900s,butMalaitais

uniqueinthattheyarestillusedtoday.Andjustlikecryptocurrencies,therearethosewhothinktheislandersare

smarttoinvestinthistypeofmoney,whichisreportedtohaveriseninvalueoverthelastthreedecades.Itmight

seemstrangetohoardabunchofprocessed,strung-togethershells,butwhatisapileofdollars?Justaspecially

printedpieceofpaperandhempthatwe'veassignedvalueto-andprobablylessdurableovertimethanthose

shells.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Moneywascreatedandwaswidelyusedintheworld.

B.TobaccowasusedascoinsorpaperbillsinAmericaninthepast.

C.Theingredientsofworld'sfirstcoinsmaybethecombinationofgoldandsilver.

D.Usingshellsformoneyhasbeenoutofdateintheworld.

2.Theword''mint''inparagraph5isclosestinthemeaningto:

A.akindofmoneythatcanexchange

B.theleavesofamintplantusedfreshorcandied

C.aplacetoproduceandpolishshells

D.afactorythatproducescurrency

3.Whafsopinionoftheauthortowardsshellsformoney?

A.Reasonable.B.Imaginary.

C.Convenient.D.Inventive.

4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheHistoryofBitcoin

B.ShellsStillMoney

C.TheCurrencyIsofGreatUse

D.SomeShells

B

（2021•浙江•高考真题）Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees

（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha

"vocabulary**of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,

andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.

DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyfbnnofintentionalcommunicationto

berecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwhere

theydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember.

"That'swhafssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehuman

languageinthatrespect.”

Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfrom

anotheranimaFscall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.This

wasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.

Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.In

onecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:11Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediately

jumpsontoitsmothersbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanother

species（物种）outthere,thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDr

Hobaiter.

DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywas

praiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresults

were"alittledisappointing".

“Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orweare

stillmissingalotoftheinformationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeanings

seemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains.”

5.WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHobaiter?

A.Memorizingspecificwords.B.Understandingcomplexinformation.

C.Usingvoicestocommunicate.D.Communicatingmessagesonpurpose.

6.WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?

A.Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.

B.Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.

C.Itwasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.

D.Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordngulf'inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthrough

B.Chimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskills

C.Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalkingdom

D.Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated

C

（2017,全国•高考真题）Cloudcomputingwillbeinusebyabout80percentofabout600companies.The

trendsuggeststhatdatamanagementandstoragearemovingtocloudcomputingsellersonalargescale.

Touting（兜售）cloudcomputingasawaytogetridofthecostsofbuyingandmaintaininon-site

information-technologyequipment,sellersofferitintheformofSoftwareAsA.Sennce（SAAS）,adeliverymodel

inwhichsoftwareapplicationsaredeliveredtocustomersoveraweb-basednetwork.SAAScanservetheneeds

ofentirecompaniesthroughhuge,web-basedplatforms.Ascloudcomputingrapidlybecomesthedelivery

channelforsoftwaredevelopersofallshapesandsizestogettheirproductstomarket,offeringapplicationsina

cloudisnowtherulenottheexception.A.relativelysmallnumberofsellersareabletoofferSAAStobig

companiesthatwantcompany-widecloudcomputing,andonlythesellersneedapply.Althoughmarket-sharedata

arehardtocomeby,thelistofcompany'slargeenoughtooffercloud-computingonthisscaleisshort:Microsoft,

Amazon,Google,Salesforce,Rackspaceandnotmanyothers.

Theconcentrationofdataandvirtual（虚拟）computinginthehandsofrelativelyfewsellersraisesan

importantriskfortheircustomersiftheInternet-basedsystemsofanyonesellerarehacked,theresultcouldbe

securityproblemsacrossentireindustriesinwhichtheircustomersdo

Canthissmallgroupofcloud-computingsellerseffectivelyrespondtotheneedsoftheircustomersto

quicklyfixsuchaproblemand,mostimportantly,cutoffthedamagetothesecompanies*owncustomers?Don't

thinksuchthingscan*thappen.IfhackerscanpenetratetheDepartmentofDefense,theriskthattheywill

penetrateMicrosoftorgooglecannotberuledoutCompromiseofjustoneofthesesellers---evenonewitha

modestmarketshare---possiblycouldshutdown,atleasttemporarily,asizablepartoftheU.S.economy.

9.Whatcancloudcomputingdo?

A.Reducethecostofcomputers.

B.Providesoftwareservice.

C.Marketvariousproducts.

D.Helpcompaniesdesignwebsites.

10.Whatdoweknowaboutcloudcomputing?

A.ItworksunderSAAS.

B.Itcoversalargepartofmarket-share.

C.Mostcompaniescanprovideit.

D.Mostsellersapplyforit.

11.WhyistheDepartmentofDefensementionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Towarnpeopleofthehackers1power.

B.Toshowrelationshipbetweenitandmicrosoft.

C.Togiveanexampleofthecountry'sloss.

D.TopresenttherealpictureoftheU.S.economy.

12.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheUnthinkablerisksofthecloud.

B.CloudComputingandSmartSellers.

C.SAASandchangingCompanies.

D.TheCloudComputingAge.

D

（2012•辽宁•高考真题）IfConfUcius（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28

birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He*dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthem

out.

WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStates

willgivehimapassingthought.Ifsnothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheir

ownnationalheroes.

Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.Inmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethat

foreignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.

Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.

Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.Theseschools

teachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludeChineseart,history

and

philosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantageoftheancient

Chinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacks（缺陷）ofWesternphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthe

sametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpower

withtheUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciusto

understandtheirChinesecustomers.

Sotheoldthinkefsideasarestillaliveandwell.

TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusand

ChineseculturetotheWest.

Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.

13.Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto.

A.providesomekeyfactsaboutConfucius

B.attractthereaders*interestinthesubject

C.showgreatrespectfortheancientthinker

D.provethepopularityofmodembirthdaycelebrations

14.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents.

A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChinese

B.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitions

C.trytogethighscoresinChineseexams

D.fightfbrachancetolearnChinese

15.Whatisthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.ForgottenWisdominAmerica

B.HugeFansoftheChineseLanguage

C.ChineseCulturefbrWesterners

D.OldThinkerwithaBigFuture

16.Thepassageislikelytoappearin.

A.apersonalbiographyB.ahistorypaper

C.aculturalnewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook

E

（2020,全国•高考真题）When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,a

groupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpainton

fur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,v“TheHangover

PartZTand"Zookeeper,“havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeen

treatedproperly.

Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it's

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

17.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

18.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B.Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

F

（2020•全国•高考真题）Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsof

yearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjust

thepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raising

peopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-notto

airortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.

TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysiaandthe

Philippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）

incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,,,saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaii

researcherwhostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingas

divers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlonger

thanuslocalislanders,Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardaboutthe

Bajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmade

thetaskeasierforthem,“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,,,saidDr.

Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

20.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

21.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

22.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledfbraLifeatSeaB.Highlanders9SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers

G

（2020•北京・高考真题）Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselfto

re-creatinglong-fbrgottentechniques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-century

Frenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubjectsfromtoolmakingto

findingthebestsand.

Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhavebeensimplytakingnotesfor

hisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn*ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthor

described."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.

ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwayisn'tjustaboutplaying

aroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhow

theyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.It

canevenhelpsolvepresent-dayproblems:In2015