高中英语必修二Unit4-知识点讲解及答案

必修二第四单元I•词汇短语过关respondvi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应responsen.回答，回复；反应respondtosb./sth.回答（比answer,replyto正式）respondtosb./sth.（with/bysth.）用回应某人（事）respondto（疾病、身体的受伤部分）对医药有良好反应responsetosb./sth.（对人/物）的回答/回复/反应inresponseto作为对……的反应[即学即练1]》（1）Theystillhaven'tmyletter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。（2）Hemysuggestionalaugh/laughing.他对我的建议报以一笑。（3）Hisillnessdidn'ttreatmentbydrugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。（4）Mymotheropenedthedoortheknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。respondedto,respondedto,with,by,respondto,inresponsetocertainadj.确定的；无疑的；某（种）⑴作“某（种）”讲时，同义于some.但some前不加冠词。$foracertainreason=forsomereason由于某种原因certainprofessors=someprofessors某些教授acertainamountoftime相当一段时间⑵作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于sure.但是certain的主语既可以是人,也可用于Itiscertainthat...句型，而sure主语只能是人。“becertain/sure+从句”（人）有把握/确信……（表示主语的信念）becertain/sureof/aboutsth.（人）确信（表示主语的信念）becertain/suretodosth.必定/肯定会做某事（主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念）“makecertain/sure+从句”弄清楚/确保makecertain/sureof/aboutsth.把某件事情弄清楚forcertain/sure确定地，确切地（做状语）Itiscertainthat...一定会(不能用sure)[即学即练2]⑴Therewasinhismanner他的态度有点冷淡。Areyouit你对此有把握吗Heishisduty.他肯定会尽职。hehaswrongedme.我确信他冤枉了我。⑸theirteamwillwinthematch.他们队肯定会赢得比赛。acertaincoldness,certainabout/of,certaintodo,I'mcertainthat,It'scertainthatcontainvt.包含；容纳(=hold)；抑制(=control)[即学即练3]？Hispapernomistakesatall.他的试卷没有一点错误。Orangejuicethingswhichhelpkeepyouhealthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。Thisbottletwoglassesofbeer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。Hecouldn'tforjoy.他不胜欢喜。contained,contains,contains,containhimselfaffectvt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭begreatly/deeplyaffected很/深受感动#beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/着凉beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧[即学即练4]Theamountofrainthegrowthofcrops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。Oneofherlungsalittlesothatshehastorest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。Theaudiencebyhisspeech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects,isaffected,weredeeplyaffected5．appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciationn.欣赏；感激appreciatesth.(thanksb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事one/one'sdoingsth.感激某人做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果，我将不胜感激。［即学即练5］Hehighly.他非常感谢他的帮助。Weshallyouagain.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。Ireallytotheparty.(你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。Iwouldyoucouldhelpme.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。appreciatedhishelpappreciatehearingfromappreciateyourcomingappreciateitif6.succeedv・成功successn.［U］成功；成就［C］成功的人或事successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地succeedindoingsth.havesuccessindoingsth.besuccessfulindoingsth.成功做某事achievegreatsuccess取得巨大的成功sb./sth.isasuccess成功的人或事［即学即练6］⑴Weallthemid—termexamination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。Failureisthemotherof.失败是成功之母。Hewasasanovelist.%他是非常成功的小说家。succeededinpassing,success,asuccess7・harmvt.&n・损害；危害harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto=doharmtodosb.harm=doharmtosb.对有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.=ltdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。[即学即练7]Thedogseemsfierce,butitwon'tanyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。Fruitjuicecanchildren'steeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。Hemaysayno,butasking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。harm,beharmfulto,thereisnoharmin8・dieout灭亡，逐渐消失dieout绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失dieoff(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死dieaway(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息diedown(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来]dieof指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等diefrom指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死[即学即练8]Scientistssaidthatthoseplantsacenturyago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。Manyoldcustoms.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。lfthesnowstormdoesnotblowover,thecattlewill.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。Opentheairhole;thefireis.}把气孔打开，火要熄了。diedout,aredyingout,dieoff,dyingdownEverywintersomeoldpeoplehypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。Nowadaysmanypeoplecancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。diefrom,dieof9．indanger(of...)处于危险之中outofdanger脱离危险[即学即练9]Thedrownedgirlwasobviously很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。Theoldhouseiscollapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。Theyweretoldatthehospitalthattheirgrandmotherwas他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。inimmediatedanger,indangerof,outofdanger拓展：与in/outof搭配的短语inorder有秩序¥insight看得见introuble在困境中inline成行(队)inplace适合/当infashion时尚outoforder出故障(机器等工作不正常)outofsight看不见outoftrouble摆脱困境outofline不成一直线outofplace不合适outoffashion过时10・protect.・・from/against・・・保护免受(的伤害)defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……keepsb.fromdoingstopsb.(from)doingpreventsb.(from)doing阻止某人做[即学即练10]Youngplantsshouldbewellthecold.幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。Thehenitsyoungbeingattackedbythecat.母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。Everyoneshouldtakeuparmstoourcountryfrominvasion.{每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。Nothingcanusrealizingourdreams.什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protectedfrom,protected,against,defend,stop,from提示：(1)protectagainst和protectfrom意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用protectagainst,对于较小的事情常用protectfrom.⑵在protect...from/against...结构中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有时against后跟beingdone来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而keep...from...中的from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。11・payattentionto注意Attention,please!请注意！(演讲用语)(=MayIhaveyourattention,please)》attract/catch/draw/getone'sattentionto吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrateone'sattentionon将注意力集中于devoteone'sattentionto专心致志于callone'sattentionto唤起某人对……的注意提示：以上短语中的to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。[即学即练11]Sheherappearance.她很注重外表。Agreatdealofattentionhasbeenprotectingtheenvironment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。】paidmuchattentionto,paidto12．comeintobeing出现；形成；产生obeing使形成；使产生forthetimebeing暂时；眼下[即学即练12]Wedon'tknowwhentheuniverse.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。Suchacustomlongago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。cameintobeing,cameintobeing#提示：comeintobeing是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。类似短语有:comeintopower当权comeintoeffect生效comeintoaction开始行动comeintooffice就职comeintosight看得见comeintouse开始使用易错点拨自我完善•误区备考contain/includecontain意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有”，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。include意为“包含；连……在内，计入，算入，包括”只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+ineluded”。如：¥Manypeopleliketennis,includingme/meincluded.许多人喜欢网球，也包括我/我也在内。[应用1]用contain和include的适当形式填空。(1)TheChinesedietisconsideredtobethehealthiestintheworld.Italotoffruitandgreenvegetables.(2)Everyonetookpartinthefightagainsttheflood,oldpeople.Thecan100litresofwater.includes,including,container,containaffect/effect/influence(1)affect常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染”。⑵effect常做名词，结果，效果，作用，影响"，常用于词组：haveaneffecton/uponsb.对有影响，takeeffect生效，实行，come/gointoeffect开始生效，开始实施。influence可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响，也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。》[应用2](1)Probablyweeachother.(2)Toapolicyistohaveanonit.influenced,affect,effect高效作业自我测评•技能备考•单词拼写1．Thishatwillgivepagainstthehotsun.2．MywalletctwohundredyuanandmypassportwaslostwhenIwasshopping.3．MrsBrown'sdogbthemailmanwhenhewasdeliveringnewspapersyesterdayafternoon.4．Bothbeesandbutterfliesbelongtoi.5．Themotherisrherbabyagainstmosquitoes.6．You'dbetter(存留)themoneyforfutureneed.7．We'llgo(打猎)tomorrow.8．Wegreatly(感谢，感激)yourtimelyhelp.9．Sheturnedher(注意力)tonewproblems.10．Thedoglooks(凶恶).You'dbetterkeepawayfromit..单项选择1．Thedriverwasatlosswhenwordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.A．a;theB．/;/C．the;theD．a;/2．ItisthathisEnglishisperfect.A．sure;veryB．right;ratherC．exact;fairlyD．certain;quite¥3．Stopthiskindofsnakes.Theyare.A．hunting;dyingoutB．tohunt;dyingoutC．hunting;dyingawayD．tohunt;dyingdown4．I'dliketoarrive20minutesearlyIcanhavetimeforacupoftea.A．assoonasB．asaresultC．incaseD．sothat5．Areyoudrivingtotheairport,sirI'dappreciateifyoucouldgivemealift.A．thatB．youC．thisD．it6．Moreattentionshouldbeequipmentinourfactorysothatwecanincreaseourproduction.A．paidtoimprovingB．paidtoimproveC．takentoimproveD．takentoimproving7．－Howmanypassengerswereintheplane－It100,20Chinese.A．contained;includedB．contained;includingC．included;containedD．contained;containing8．Thediseasefailedtotothenewdrugsthedoctorapplied.A．respondB．turnC．replyD．refer9．MuchbythestoryofCongFei,Iamalsodeterminedtobeavolunteerworker.A．affectedB．appreciatedC．admiredD．effected|10．Theremaybekindsofinfectious（传染的）diseasesinpublicplaces.Youshouldkeepyourchildrentotheplaceswherepeoplearecrowded.A．notgoB．nottogoC．goingD．fromgoing11．Afteraheateddiscussionatthemeeting,anewplancamebeing,whichwouldhaveagreateffecttheculturallifeofthepeople.A．into;forB．to;toC．from;atD．into;on12．NobodyknowsexactlyhowmanyyearsitwillbetheChinesefootballteamentersthefinalstageoftheWorldCup.A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．until13．Shewasknockedbyacarandnowwasstill.A．down;indangerB．off;dangerousC．down;dangerousD．off;indanger14．—Excuseme,whattimeisitnow—Sorry,mywatch.Itattheshop.(A．isn'tworking;isbeingrepairedB．doesn'twork;isbeingrepairedC．isn'tworking;isrepairedD．doesn'twork;isrepaired15．—Mycarstartedupatlast.—Youshouldhaveitrepairedit'sworkingnow.A．aslongasB．asthoughC．eventhoughD．incaseprotection,containing,bit,insectsrubbingreserve,hunting,appreciate