优选Social-Problems-社会问题课件

SocialProblems社会问题PovertyDrugAbuseCrimeHealthCareGovernmentandCorporations:TheAbuseofpowerPovertyOver24millionpeople(morethan1Americanin10)arelivingatorbelowthepovertyline.WhatdoespovertymeanintheUnitedstates?1Over24millionpeoplearelivingatorbelowtheofficialpoverty.2Manyoldpeopleeatingdogandcatfoodtosupportthem.3Malnutritionanddeprivationforthousandsofchildren.4unstablemarriages,slumhousing,illiteracy,inadequatemedicalfacilities.SocialstratificationUpperclassMiddleclassLowerclass(underclass)Thephenomenonthatthesocietydividedintosocialclassesthathavevaryingdegreesofaccesstoaccesstotherewardsthesocietyofferscalled_____________.socialstratificationWhywaspovertynotregardedasasignificantsocialproblemafter

WorldWarⅡ？Newissueslikethecoldwar，communism，andAmerica’snewglobalinvolvementarousedpublicconcern.Thewaronpoverty1960s，povertyagainattractednationalattentionduetoJohnKennedy.1964,thewaronpovertyannouncedbyJohnsoninaspecialmessagetoCongress.Publiclyrecognizedandgovernmentinterventionwasacceptedasanpropriatewaytosolveit.Johnsonfailedtosolvetheproblemofpoverty.WhyproblemofpovertyintheUnitedstatesisaggravated?Becausetheoveralldistributionofwealthandincomeisveryunequal.ThepatternofthedistributionofwealthintheUSTherichestfifthofAmericanindividualsandfamiliesownsmorethanthreequartersofthewealthintheUnitedStates,whereasthelowestfifthownsonly0.2percentofthewealth.DrugabuseDefinitionDrugisakindofchemicalthatispsychoactive,orcapableofmodifyingaperson’sbehaviorthroughitseffectonemotions,thinking,orconsciousness.OpiumcannabissativaHeroincocaineDrugabuseasasocialproblemDrugabuseintheUShascometoberegardedasoneofthemostchallengingsocialfacingthenation.Drugabusehaswiderangeofsocialcost,ordysfunctions—someobviousandmeasurable,somehiddenanddifficulttoquantify.Drugabuseiscertainlyassociatedwiththecrime.Thedrugisresponsibleforhalfoftheannualtotalofroadtrafficfatalities.Drugdependencetakesasignificanttollintermsofpersonalhealthandsafety.TheeffectofdrugCrimeAutomobileaccidentsEconomiclossesEffectsonindividualstheMafiaMafia（黑手党）一词起源于1282年3月30日复活节前一天的西西里起义。当一个巴勒莫少女在结婚当天被法国士兵强奸后，西西里开始了疯狂的报复，他们袭击见到的每一个法国人，并提出“MortoAllaFrancia,ItaliaAnela”（意大利文“消灭法国是意大利的渴求”），而Mafia就是这个口号的字母缩写。TheMafiaisoneofthecriminalsyndicatesintheUS.Ithasbeendeeplyinvolvedinthesupplyofheroinandcocaine.Itestablishedthenetworkthatmanufactures,smuggles,anddistributesthesedrugs.Crimenumberoneenemy—crimeWatergateAffair水门事件（Watergatescandal），是美国历史上最不光彩的政治丑闻事件之一，其对美国本国历史以及整个国际新闻界都有着长远的影响，在1972年的总统大选中，为了取得民主党内部竞选策略的情报，1972年6月17日，以美国共和党尼克松竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯·麦科德（JamesW.McCord,Jr.）为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室，在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时，当场被捕。由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布将于次日辞职，从而成为美国历史上首位辞职的总统。TypesofCrimePropertycrimesburglarylarcenyover$50motor-vehicletheftarsonCrimesagainstpersonswillfulhomicideforciblerapeaggravatedassaultrobberyCharacteristicsofarrestedpeopleMaleYoungRacialminoritygroupsCityresidentsMaleCharacteristic:Malesarearrestedabout4timesasoftenasfemales.Majorreasons:1.Sexrolestereotyping.2.Thetendencyofpoliceofficersandthecourtstodealmorelenientlywithfemaleoffenders.TheYoungCharacteristic:Youngpeopleappeartocommitfarmorethantheirshareofcrime.Reasons:1.Lessskillfulinavoidingbeingarrested.2.Theytendtocommitcrimeswhicharehighlyvisibletothepolice.RacialMinorityGroupsCharacteristic:Thearrestratefortheblackpopulationisthreetimeshigherthanforwhites.Reasons:1.Ahigherproportionoftheblackpopulationispoororunemployed.2.Racialprejudice.

BackCityResidentsCharacteristic:1.Boththerateofreportedcrimeandthearrestedrateincreasewiththesizeofthecommunity.2.Arrestratesaresubstantiallylowerinmorestable,higher-incomeresidentialareas.TheWhite-collarCrimesCharacteristics:higher-incomegroups.beoverlookedbythecrimestatistics.higherrateofcrimethanthelowerclasses.CrimeStatisticsConclusion:Theactualratesaresubstantiallyhigherthantheofficialrates.Reasons1.Manyvictimsdonotreportcrimestothepolice.2.Thewhite-collarcrimesarenotincludedintheCrimeIndexandoverlookedbythecrimestatistics.3.Closeto100percentofallpersonshavecommittedsomekindofoffense,althoughfewhavebeenarrested.4.TheCrimeIndexisnotfullycomparablebetweenjurisdictionsanditisinconsistentfromoneyeartothenext.5.Crimeststisticsareattimesmanipulatedbythepliceandpublicofficials.BackHealthCareNothavinganationalhealth-insuranceprogramorsomesimilarmeansofmakinghealthcarefreelyavailableHighcosts.Unevendeliveryofmedicalservices.Privatebusinesstomakeprofits.TheAmericanHealth-careSystemMedicalInsurance.Medicare（老年公共医疗保险）andMedicaid（穷人医疗补助）.MedicalInsuranceDuringtheGreatDepression,manypeopleweresimplyunabletopaytheirhospitalbills.toguaranteeagainstanylossofincomeinthefuture.BlueCrosstocoverdoctor'sfeesformedicalandsurgicalexpense.BlueShieldTheBluespurpose:toensurethathospitalbillsgetpaid,howeverhightheyare.benifit:about4/5oftheAmericanpopulationisnowcoveredbysomekindofhealthinsurance.Medicare