人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件

Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsUnit4Astronomy：thescienceofthes第三课时UsingLanguageUnit4第三课时UsingLanguageUnit4课堂要点探究2课堂达标验收3课后强化作业4课前新知预习1课堂要点探究2课堂达标验收3课后强化作业4课前新知预习1课前新知预习课前新知预习Ⅰ.单词速记1．________(n.)万有引力；重力2．________(n.)卫星；人造卫星3．________(n.)气候4．________(vi.&vt.)碰撞；坠落5．________(n.)宇宙飞船6．________(n.&vt.)拉(力)；拖；牵引力gravitysatelliteclimatecrashspaceshippullgravitysatelliteclimatecrashsp7．________(vi.&vt.)(使)浮动；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物8．________(n.)生物学→________(n.)生物学家9．________(adj.)温和的；文雅的→gently(adv.)温和地10．________(n.)物理学家→________(n.)物理学→physical(adj.)物理的；物理学的；体力的floatbiologybiologistgentlephysicistphysicsfloatbiologybiologistgentlephyⅡ.短语互译1．挡住(光线)

________________2．突发；爆发________________3．cheerup__________________4．nowthat________________5．watchoutfor_____________________blockoutbreakout感到高兴；感到振奋既然密切注意；当心；提防blockoutbreakout感到高兴；感到振奋既然密Ⅲ.完成句子1．上个月，我有幸得到一个机会和我的朋友李彦平，一位天文学家，一起到太空旅行。LastmonthI____________________makeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping，anastronomer.(...enoughto...足够……以至于可以……)人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件2．当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbe____________________theearth's.(as...as...和……一样)3．但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarried______________ontheearthandfellover.(as结构的倍数表达法)2．当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月4．既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。Walking____________abitofpractice_________________.(do强调结构；nowthat从句)答案：1.wasluckyenoughtohaveachanceto

2.asstrongapullas

3.twiceasfaras

4.doesneed;nowthatgravityhaschanged人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件Ⅳ.课文理解Step1

FastReadingScanthepassageandthenchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothepassage.1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．whatthemoonisB．myvisittothemoonC．thedifferencesbetweentheearthandthemoonD．LiYanping,myfriend,whoisanastronautⅣ.课文理解2．Whenweweregoingup,wefelt________.A．wewerepressedagainstourseatsB．wewerelighterthanweareontheearthC．asifwewereflyingD．therocketwasshakingstrongly3．Whycan'tthespaceshipfallbacktotheearth?A．Becausethemoon'sgravitypullsitup.B．Becauseitistoofarawayfromtheearth.C．Becausetheearthhasnogravity.D．Becausethespaceshipisnotveryheavy.2．Whenweweregoingup,wefe4．WhenIwasonthemoonIfeltIwas________thanIamontheearth.A．slower B．heavierC．cleverer D．lighter5．Ifababyisgrowingonthemoon,whenhegrowsup,hewillgrow________thanheisontheearth.A．taller B．shorterC．fatter D．thinner4．WhenIwasonthemoonIfelStep2

CarefulReadingReadthepassageandtrytofindthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.Paragraph1：_____________________________________Paragraph2：_____________________________________Paragraph3：_____________________________________Paragraph4：_____________________________________人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件答案：Step1

1～5

BABDAStep2

Paragraph1：Wevisitedthemooninourspaceship!Paragraph2：Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtome...themostpowerful.Paragraph3：Whenwegotthere,Iwantedtoexploreimmediately.Paragraph4：Butreturningtotheearthwasveryfrightening.人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件课堂要点探究课堂要点探究1.crashvi.&

vt.碰撞；坠落①Otherscientistsbelievethatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance.其他科学家认为很久以前彗星与地球相撞导致(恐龙)灭绝。②Alltheglassescamecrashingontothefloor.所有的杯子哗啦一声摔碎在地上。1.crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落归纳拓展crashvi.(商业)破产，失败；(政府)垮台n．相撞(事故)；(飞机的)坠毁，迫降；撞击声，爆裂声Hewitnessedaseriouscarcrashtoday.Twocarscrashedintoeachotherandletoutaloudcrash.今天他目睹了一起严重的撞车事故。两辆车撞在了一起，发出了很大的爆裂声。归纳拓展活学活用英汉互译。①我看见一个物体从天空中坠落下来。________________________________________________②Look!Thefrontpartofthecarisnowtotallyoutofshapeduetothecrash.________________________________________________活学活用单项填空。③(2014·郑州高一检测)WhenIsawthecars________ontheroad,afrightenedfeelingflashedacrossmymind.A．crash B．breakC．hit D．beat答案：①Isawanobjectcrashdownfromthesky.②瞧！因为撞车，这辆车的前部现在已经完全变形了。③A考查动词词义辨析。crash“相撞”，与句意相符。break“中断，打破”；hit“击，打”；beat“(连续)敲打”。从语境和动词的含义及搭配判断选A。单项填空。2．pull(a)v.(1)拉；拖；扯①YoupushandI'llpull.你推；我拉。②Shepulledthedraweropen.她拉开了抽屉。(2)吸引Thebasketballgamepulledagreatcrowd.这场篮球赛吸引了一大群人。2．pull(b)n.(1)拖；拉；扯①Onemorepullwillbringthecaroutoftheditch.再拉一下就能把汽车从沟里拉出来。②Hegavemyhairapull.他拉了一下我的头发。(2)吸引Thepullofthecitywashardtoresist.都市的魅力难以抗拒。(b)n.归纳拓展pulloff脱(衣、帽等)pullthrough康复；完成；使渡过难关pullon匆忙穿戴(袜子、手套等)pullin(火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠pullout离站；抽出，取出pulldown拆毁(建筑物)；贬低(人)归纳拓展①Thetrainhasalreadypulledin.火车已经进站了。②Pulloffyourglovesquickly.快摘下你的手套。③Ipulledoutmyphonetoreadatextmessagefrommymom.我拿出手机读妈妈发的短信。①Thetrainhasalreadypulled巧学助记pull的近义词为：drag；反义词：push。巧学助记活学活用用适当的介词或副词填空。①Thetrainhaspulled________，andthepassengersareboardingitnow.②DaddyandIranquicklytowardsher,andpulledher________.人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件单项填空。③(2014·马鞍山高一检测)—Isthereanyhopeofsavinghislife?—Hisinjuriesareextremelyserious,buthe'sexpectedto________.A．pullin B．pullthroughC．pullon D．pulldown人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件答案：①in

②out③B考查动词短语辨析。句意：——还有希望救他的命吗？——他的伤太重了，但是他还有希望康复。pullthrough“康复”，符合句意。pullin“吸引，(火车)进站”；pullon“匆忙穿戴”；pulldown“拆毁(建筑物)”。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件3．floatv.(1)浮动；漂浮；飘动；飘移Beautifulmusiccamefloatingoutofthewindow.美妙的乐声从窗口传出。(2)浮；漂浮Aplasticbagwasfloatinginthewater.一个塑料袋在水中漂浮。(3)使浮动；使漂流Wewaitedforthetidetofloattheboatoffthesandbank.我们等待涨潮，让潮水把船浮起离开沙滩。3．floatv.(4)轻盈走动；飘然移动Shefloateddownthestepstogreetus.她轻盈地下楼来迎接我们。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件活学活用汉译英。①没有足够深的水使船漂浮起来。________________________________________________②空气中漂浮有许多灰尘。________________________________________________答案：①Therewasn'tenoughwatertofloattheship.②Thereismuchdustfloatingintheair.活学活用4.blockout挡住(光线)；涂抹①Asaresultofthisevent，agreatdustcloudformedintheskyblockingoutthesunlight.因此，天空中形成的大量灰尘层阻挡住了太阳光线。②Weputapieceofclothacrossthewindowtoblockoutthesunlight.我们把一块布横挂在窗子上遮住阳光。4.blockout挡住(光线)；涂抹归纳拓展blockoff(用路障)封锁，堵住；阻挡blockup塞住；封住(孔、洞)blockone'sway挡住某人的去路①Noroadhasbeenblockedoffbythepolicewhenourpresidentinspectsanycity.当我们的总统视察任何城市时，不用警察封锁任何道路。②Ahugestoneblockedthedriver'sway，sohehadtofindanotherone.一块巨石挡住了司机的路，他只好另找出路。归纳拓展活学活用用block的适当短语填空。①Thatwall____________________allthelight.②You'dbetter____________________thatholeinthewall;it'slettingthecoldin.③Thepolice____________________thestreetwherethegunmanwashiding.答案：①blocksout②blockup③blockedoff活学活用5．cheerup感到高兴；感到兴奋；高兴起来；振奋起来①GuoChuancheeredupaftercompletingaworldsailing.完成环球航行后，郭川感到很高兴。②WhenI'mfeelingsadmymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheermeup.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事让我高兴起来。5．cheerup感到高兴；感到兴奋；高兴起来；振奋起来归纳拓展(1)cheer...on为……鼓气；向……喝彩(2)cheeringadj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的cheerfuladj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)cheers(用于祝酒)干杯；再见Cheers，myfriends.干杯，朋友们。归纳拓展巧学助记感到高兴的cheer巧学助记活学活用用cheer的适当词性或短语填空。①这个令人鼓舞的消息使得这个男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到高兴。The________newsmadetheboy________，whichmadehisparents________too.②我们所做的是给我们的队加油。Whatwehaddonewasto________.活学活用单项填空。③Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity________bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A．beingcheered B．becheeredC．tobecheered D．werecheered答案：①cheering;cheerful;cheerup②cheerourteamon③C考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们今晚赢了决赛，所有队员就去参加由热情的支持者为庆祝他们胜利而举行的环城旅游。由于比赛结果还不可知，所以这只是一个将来的打算，所以用动词不定式的被动式表示将来。A、B、D三项均不能表示将来的意义，所以只能选C。单项填空。6．nowthat既然Nowthatthereisanewtunnel，theroadislessdangerous.既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就不那么危险了。名师点拨(1)nowthat“既然”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，其中的that可以省略。(2)引导原因状语从句的其他连词：since，because，considering(that)，inthat，as等。Now(that)itbenefitsussomuch，whynothaveatry?既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不试一试呢？6．nowthat既然活学活用完成句子。①既然你已经决定去做，那么你就应该把它做好。______________________________，youshoulddoitwell.②既然这个问题已经解决，让我们进入下一个吧。______________________________，let'scometothenext.人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件单项填空。③Whynotchangeyourmind________youhavefoundthatthereissomethingwrongwithyourplan?A．sincethen B．nowthatC．onlyif D．solong答案：①Nowthatyouhavedecidedtodoit②Nowthattheproblemhasbeensettled③B句意：既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？nowthat“既然”，引导原因状语从句。单项填空。7．breakout突发；爆发Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。名师点拨不被动的breakoutbreakout强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发，一般不用于被动语态。7．breakout突发；爆发Afterafirebrokeoutinthelab，alotofequipmentwasdamaged.实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。归纳拓展breakdown出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解breakin破门而入；打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入；突然……起来breakawayfrom脱离；挣脱ThecomputerbrokedownsuddenlywhilehewassearchingforinformationontheInternet.当他在电脑上查找信息时，电脑突然出故障了。Afterafirebrokeoutinthe巧学助记图记break短语巧学助记活学活用用break的适当短语填空。①Afighting________betweenthetwosides.②Thethief________myhouseandstolemymoney.③Ourplanshave________duetothebadmanagement.④Theprisoner________thepolicemenandescaped.人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件单项填空。⑤Whenthefire________，manypeoplewereshoppinginthesupermarket.A．brokeout B．putoutC．cameout D．gotout⑥(2013·福建，28)Old­fashionedphonesmatterwhenwirelessnetworks________indisasters.A．turndown B．turnoutC．breakdown D．breakout单项填空。答案：①brokeout②brokeinto③brokendown④brokeawayfrom⑤A考查动词短语辨析。句意：当火灾发生时，很多人正在超市里购物。breakout“(战争、火灾、疾病等的)突然发生”；putout“熄灭，扑灭”；comeout“出现，露出，长出”；getout“泄露，被人知道”。⑥C考查动词短语辨析。句意：当无线网络在灾难中出故障的时候，老式手机就派上用场了。breakdown(机器等)坏了，出毛病了，(人)身体垮了，失败，分解；turndown(将音量等)调低，拒绝；turnout结果是，证明是；breakout爆发，突然发生。答案：①brokeout②brokeinto③bro8．watchoutfor密切注意；当心；提防①You'llbecheatedifyoudon'twatchout.你如果不提防会受骗的。②Watchoutforthehaze；itmaydogreatharmtous.当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大损害。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件归纳拓展(1)watchover照看；看守(2)lookout注意；当心takecare注意；当心becareful注意；当心keepawatch守望；注视Theremusthavebeenanangelwatchingovermethatday.那天一定有个天使在照看着我。归纳拓展活学活用一句多译。你必须提防野兽(wildanimal)。①______________________________________(watchv．)②______________________________________(watchn．)单项填空。③Whilecrossingthestreet,please________forthecomingcars.A．watchout B．takecareC．watchover D．becareful活学活用答案：①Youmustwatchoutforwildanimals.②Youmustkeepagoodwatchforwildanimals.③A句意：过马路时，要留心来往的车辆。watchout“注意，当心”，与介词for连用；takecare与becareful后面多与不定式连用；watchover“照看”，为及物动词短语。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件9.LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.上个月，我有幸得到一个机会和我的朋友李彦平，一位天文学家，一起到太空旅行。(1)此句为复杂的简单句。(2)名词短语anastronomer在句中作myfriendLiYanping的同位语。9.LastmonthIwasluckyenoug(3)而句中．..enoughto...是一个固定句式，意为“足够……以至于可以……”。enough往往放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后，动词不定式用作结果状语。Hisfamilyisnotrichenoughtoaffordtheexpensivetuition.他的家庭不够富有来支付高昂的学费。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件活学活用完成句子。①Therewere20studentschosentogoabroadtostudy，andI______________________beoneofthem.有二十个学生被选出到国外学习，我很幸运地成为其中一个。②Idon'tknowhimwell______________________.我和他不够熟，不便请他帮忙。答案：①wasluckyenoughto②enoughtoaskhimforhelp活学活用10．Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(1)这是一个含有连词but的并列句；第一分句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；第二分句中含有“as...as...”句式。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件(2)as...as...意为“像……一样……”，此结构用于否定可用“notas/so...as...”；和单数可数名词连用时，常用“adj.＋a/an＋名词＋as”。①Theydon'tworkas/sohardasthoseinthatclass.他们不如那个班的学生勤奋。②Heisascleveraboyashisbrother.他和他的哥哥一样是个聪明的男孩。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件活学活用对比填空。①Maryis____________________Daisy.玛丽和戴西一样漂亮。②Maryis____________________Daisy.玛丽和戴西一样是个漂亮的女孩。答案：①asbeautifulas②asbeautifulagirlas活学活用11．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但当我试图往前走时，我发现自己被带到一个相当于地球上两倍远的地方并且摔倒了。(1)此句为主从复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句；主句谓语found之后的宾语从句省略连接词that。(2)twiceasfaras...为倍数表达形式，意为“是……的两倍远”；asfaras...意为“远到……”。ZhengHesailedasfarasMadagascaroffthecoastofSoutheastAfrica.郑和航海远达非洲东南海岸旁的马达加斯加岛。11．ButwhenItriedtostepfo归纳拓展倍数表达法(1)倍数(aquarter,half,twice,threetimes,etc.)＋as...as...；倍数＋asmuch/many＋名词＋as①Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍。②Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.你的房间是我的两倍大。③Hereceivedthreetimesasmanypresentsashehadexpected.他收到的礼物是他预料的三倍。归纳拓展(2)倍数＋adj./adv.的比较级＋than；倍数＋more＋名词＋thanAsiaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。(3)倍数＋thesize/length/width/depth/height/amountof...Thisriverisaquarterthelengthofthatone.这条河是那条河的四分之一长。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件(4)倍数＋what­clauseTheproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.现在的产量是10年前的三倍。(5)．..＋by＋倍数．..Comparedwiththatoflastyear,ourcoaloutputhasincreasedby3times.与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了3倍。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件活学活用单项填空。①Myuncle'shouseinthedowntownareaismuchsmallerthanours,butitistwice______expensive.A．as B．soC．too D．very答案：A考查倍数的表达法。句意：“我叔叔在闹市区的房子比我们的小很多，但是价钱却是我们的两倍”。“A倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋asB”是其中一种，此处expensive后面省略了asours。活学活用②Accordingtostatistics,amanismorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancer________awoman.A.than B.suchC.so D.as答案：D考查了倍数的表达方法。即“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句意为“根据统计数据，男性死于皮肤癌的可能性比女性大二倍还要多。”②Accordingtostatistics,ama③Peter'sjacketlookedjustthesameasJack's,butitcost________his.A．asmuchtwiceasB．twiceasmuchasC．muchastwiceasD．astwicemuchas答案：B考查倍数的用法。正确的顺序为：倍数＋as＋形容词或副词＋as。③Peter'sjacketlookedjustth课堂达标验收课堂达标验收Ⅰ.单项填空1．(2014·济南高一检测)—Ihateitwhenitrains.—________！Itwillbesunnytomorrow.A．Cheerup B．ToobadC．Noway D．I'msorry答案：A考查交际用语。由答语的第二句可以看出，这里是在鼓励对方振作起来，所以用cheerup。句意：——我讨厌下雨天。——振作起来！明天就是晴天了。Ⅰ.单项填空2．(2014·厦门高一检测)Withtheweatherbecominghotterandhotter,weneedcurtainsto________thesunshine.A．blockup B．blockoutC．breakout D．breakup答案：B句意：随着天气变得越来越热，我们需要窗帘来挡住阳光。blockup“塞住”；blockout“挡住(光线)”；breakout““战争、火灾、疾病等”突然发生”；breakup“解散，分手”。2．(2014·厦门高一检测)Withtheweath3．(2014·宿州高一检测)—Whatdidtheshopkeepersaywhenyousaidthesweaterwastooexpensive?—Shesaidthesweaterofthiskindinothershopsmightbecheaperbut________.A．notsobetter B．tooworseC．notgoodasD．notasgood答案：D考查比较级。so不能和比较级连用，排除A；too不能修饰比较级，排除B；C项的语序不对；notasgood是比较级的省略形式，补全后为：butisnotasgoodasthesweaterinhershop。3．(2014·宿州高一检测)—Whatdidthes4．—Whatdoesthemodelplanelooklike?—Thewingsoftheplaneare________ofitsbody.A．morethanthelengthtwiceB．twicemorethanthelengthC．morethantwicethelengthD．moretwicethanthelength答案：C句意：——那个飞机模型是什么样子的？——机翼的长度比机身长度的两倍还要长。morethan多于，应放在倍数前，排除B、D两项；再由倍数表达法“倍数＋the＋表度量的名词＋of”短语可知，选C。4．—Whatdoesthemodelplanel5．(2014·哈尔滨高一检测)Itwasnotuntilthen________theirrelationshipwas________becausetheyhadquarreledwitheachotherseveraltimes.A．didIrealize;breakingoutB．thatIrealized;breakingupC．didIrealize;breakingupD．thatIrealized;breakingout答案：B考查强调句和动词短语辨析。第一个空考查强调句型中的that，这里不用倒装；第二个空考查breakup“破裂”，而breakout“突然爆发”，不符合句意。5．(2014·哈尔滨高一检测)Itwasnotunt6．________youhavesuchauniquechance,youshouldseizeitwithoutanyhesitation.A．AsfarasB．IncaseC．NowthatD．Eventhough答案：C句意：你既然有如此难得的机会，一定要毫不犹豫地抓住它。nowthat“既然；由于”，符合句意。asfaras“远到……”；incase“以防；万一”；eventhough“尽管；即使”。6．________youhavesuchauni7．Mr.Wuhadfoughtwithhisillnesshard,butunfortunatelyhecouldnot________.A．pulloutB．pullthroughC．pullupD．pulldown答案：B考查pull短语。句意：吴先生与疾病做艰苦斗争，但不幸的是，他最终没有挺过来。pullout抽出，取出；pullthrough康复；pullup停车；pulldown拆除。人教版新课标高中英语必修三Unit-4《Astronomy：the-science-of-the-stars》(第3课时)课件8．Mumlikesthisoldhouseindowntownbetterthanthehugeoneinthecountry,butitcostsalmost________.A．twiceasmuch B．twiceasmanyC．twicesomuch D．twicesomany答案：A考查倍数表达法。本句的后半句所要表达的意思是市中心的这所老房子的价格几乎是乡村的那所大房子的价格的两倍，故答案为A，相当于“butitcosts