全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案

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Unit1

PartIITextA

lexfOrganization

PartsParagraphsMainIdeas

PartOneParas1-2Introduction—BothNapoleonsandHitlersmilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter.

PartTwoParas3-11NapoleonsmilitarycampaignagainstRussia

PartThreeParas12-20HitlersmilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion

PartFourPara21Conclusion—theelementsofnaturemustberekonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.

2.

SectionsParagraphsMainIdeas

SectionOneParas12-13HitlersblitzkriegagainstRussiaandStalinsscorchedearthpolicy

SectionTwoParas14-18thebattlesfoughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingrad

SectionThreeParas19-20theRussiancounter-offensiveandtheoutcomeofthewarVocabulary

I.1.1)alliance2)atthecostof

3)stroke4)limp

5)minus6)regions

7)declarations8)siege

9)raw10)bidehistime

11)havetakentheirtoll12)inthecaseof

2.1)isfacedwith2)getboggeddown

3)ispressingon/pressedon4)dragon

5)getby6)dineout

7)havecutback8)getthrough

3.1)Therapidadvanceingenetherapymayleadtotheconquestofcancerinthenearfuture.

2)Productioninmanyfactorieshasbeenbroughttoahaltbythedelayedarrivalofrawmaterialsduetothedockworkers’strike

3)Sarahasmadeuphermindthatherleisureinterestswill/shouldnevergetinthewayofhercareer.

4)Obviouslythereportersquestioncaughttheforeignministeroffguard.

5)Theintroductionoftheelectroniccalculatorhasrenderedtheslideruleoutofdate/obsolete.

4.1)Beingfacedwithanenemyforcesmuchsuperiortoours,wehadtogiveuptheoccupationofbigcitiesandretreattotheruralandmountainousregionstobuildupourbases.

2)Unityiscrucialtotheefficientoperationofanorganization.Failuretoreckonwiththisproblemwillweakenitsstrength.Inmanycases,workmaybebroughttoahaltbyconstantinternalstruggleinanorganization.

3)TheRedArmyfoughtaheroicbattleatStalingradandwonthedecisivevictoryagainsttheGermans.Infact,thisbattleturnedthetideintheSecondWorldWar.Duringthisfamousbattle,theSoviettroopswithstoodtheGermansiegeandweakenedtheGermanarmybylaunchingaseriesofcounterattacks.

II.MoreSynonymsinContext

1)DuringtheFirstWorldWar,battlesoccurredhereandthereovervastareas.SomeofthemostdramaticfightingtookplaceinthegloomytrenchesofFranceandBelgium.

2)Elizabethmadecarefulpreparationsfortheinterviewandherefforts/homeworkpaidoff.

3)Ispenthourstryingtotalkhimintoacceptingthesettlement,butheturnedadeafeartoallmywords.

4)Pneumoniahadseverelyweakenedherbody,andIwonderedhowherfragilebodycouldwithstandtheharshweather.

III.Usage

1)Butoftenitisnotuntilwefallillthatwefinallylearntoappreciategoodhealth.

2)Aricholdladylaydeadathomefortwoweeks—andnobodyknewanythingaboutit.

3)Itssaidhedroppeddeadfromaheartattackwhenhewasatwork

4)Dontsittooclosetothefiretokeepwarm—youcouldeasilygetburned,especiallyifyoufallasleep.

5)Inthosedayspeoplebelievedinmarryingyoungandhavingchildrenearly.

6)LittleTomwasunabletositstillforlongerthanafewminutes.ComprehensiveExercisesI.Cloze

(A)

1.invasion

2.standintheway

3.Conquest

4.catching...offhisguard

5.launching

6.declaration

7.campaign8.dragon

9.reckonwith10.bringing...toahalt

(B)

1.allow

2.reckoned

3.highly

4.forecasts

5.rapidly

6.instant

7.delivery8.advantage

9.observing10.Powerful

II.Translation

1.Mr.Dohertyandhisfamilyarecurrentlyengagedingettingtheautumnharvestinonthefarm.

2.Wemustnotunderestimatetheenemy.Theyareequippedwiththemostsophisticatedweapons.

3.Havingbeencutofajob/Nothavinghadajobfor3months,Philisgettingincreasinglydesperate.

4.Sam,astheprojectmanager,isdecisive,efficient,andaccurateinhisjudgment.

5.Sincethechemicalplantwasidentifiedasthesourceofsolution,thevillageneighborhoodcommitteedecidedtocloseitdownatthecostof100jobs.

Theoffensivehadalreadylastedthreedays,butwehadnotgainedmuchground.Ourtroopsengagingtheenemyatthefrontwerefacedwithstrong/fierce/stiffresistance.Thedivisioncommanderinstructedourbattaliontogetaroundtotherearoftheenemyandlaunchasurpriseattack.Todoso,however,wehadtocrossamarshlandandmanyofuswereafraidwemightgetboggeddowninthemud.Ourbattalioncommanderdecidedtotakeagamble.Westartedundercoverofdarknessandpressedoninspiteofgreatdifficulties.Byastrokeofluck,thetemperatureatnightsuddenlydroppedtominus20degreesCelsiusandthemarshfrozeover.Thankstothecoldweather,wearrivedatourdestinationbeforedawnandbeganattackingtheenemyfromtherear.Thisturnedthetideofthebattle.Theenemy,caughtoffguard,soonsurrendered.

Unit2TextA

Vocabulary

I.1.1)expansion2)automated3)vapor4)takecontrolof5)hazards6)satellite7)vibrated8)magnetic9)bunched10)intheair11)got/wasstuckin12)approximately

2.1)sendout2)standupfor3)passfor4)wereclosinginon5)startingup6)wentthrough7)fillout8)fallinto

3.1)…incorporatesallthelatestsafetyfeatures

2)…twotreestenfeetapart

3)…awardinglucrativecontractstohisconstructionsite

4)…theprototypeofanewmodelbeforetheysetupafactorytomakethecars.

5)…arecorrelatedinallracialgroups

4.1)theapplication,remote,hasturnedintoareality,arepoisedto

2)thatvibrate,candetect,frequency

3)lanes,aremountedin,alerta,hazard

II.WordFormation

ClippedWordsBlends

KilokilogramMedicaremedicalcare

Memomemorandumemailelectronicmail

gymgymnasiumcomsatcommunicationssatellite

libliberationnewscastnewsbroadcast

docdoctorskyjackskyhijack

vetveterinarianEurodollarEuropeandollar

preppreparatorybrunchbreakfastandlunch

autoautomobiletelecasttelevisionbroadcast

fluinfluenzaOxbridgeOxfordandCambridge

III.1.swimmingpool2.drawingboard3.enrichedMiddleEnglish4.disturbingchange5.fullydevelopedprototype6.Cannedfoods7.workingpopulation8.puzzlingdifferencesComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

1.

1)computerized2)startup3)bepoisedto4)alert5)hazards6)monotonous7)takecontrolof8)steer9)lane10)decrease11)calculate12)eliminate13)gettingstuckin14)mounted15)detect16)vapor

2.

1)generates2)related3)revolutionized4)enabled5)opportunities6)overall7)manufacturing8)dependent9)interact10)fatalities

II.Translation

1．

1)Therewasanunusualquietnessintheair,exceptforthesoundofartilleryinthedistance.

2)TheexpansionofurbanareasinsomeAfricancountrieshasbeencausingasignificantfallinlivingstandardsandanincreaseinsocialproblem.

3)Theresearchshowsthatatmosphericcarbondioxidelevelsarecloselycorrelatedwithglobaltemperatures.

4)Thefrequencyofthebusservicehasbeenimprovedfrom15to12minutesrecently

5)Thediverstoodontheedgeofthedivingboard,poisedtojumpatthesignalfromthecoach.

2.

Automobileshave,sincetheirinvention,revolutionizedtransportation,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddobusiness.Ontheotherhand,theyhavebroughthazards,especiallyhighwayfatalities.However,todaytheapplicationofcomputertechnologyandelectronicsensorsindesigningandmanufacturingcarsmakesitpossibletoeliminatemostoftrafficaccidents.Forexample,electronicsensorsmountedinyourcarcandetectalcoholvaporintheairandrefusetostartuptheengine.Theycanalsomonitorroadconditionsbyreceivingradiosignalssentoutfromorbitingsatellitesandgreatlyreduceyourchancesofgettingstuckintrafficjams.

Unit3TextA

Contentquestions

1.Herunsamanufacturingcompany.

2.Almostallofthemwereno.

3.Thisapplicantwasillpreparedforthejobhewasapplyingforandthereforeillqualified.

4.Preparetowin.

5.Theynowhavetoswitchjobsfrequently.

6.A90-year-oldtennisplayerwhowantedtoworkonhisweakness--backhandcourt.

7.Believinginyourself,evenwhennooneelsedoes.

8.Becausehewillmentionacabdriverwhoisdifferent.

9.Hiseffortstomakeadifference.

10.HewasofferedarideonadaywhenMinnesotawashitwithoneoftheworstsnowstormsinyearsandtheinternationalairporttherewasclosedforthefirsttimeindecades.

11.Becausetherewerenotracksleftinthesnow,whichmeanshewasthefirstpersontotakeofffromthere.

12Carlsonwasexcitedaboutbeingfirst,whichisexactlywhatthewriterrecommendstojobapplicants.

TextOrganization

1.

PartsParagraphsMainIdeas

PartOneParas1-6Anill-preparedcollegegraduatefailedhisinterview.

PartTwoParas7-27Fourpiecesofadviceonbeingasuccessfulinterviewee.

PartThreeParas28-31Makeyourowntracksinwhateveryoudo.

2.

SuggestionsExamples

1)Preparetowin.1)MichaelJordan

2)Neverstoplearning.2)a90-year-oldtennisplayer

3)Believeinyourself,evenwhennooneelsedoes3)thefour-minutemile,theNewYorkMarathonandtheVietnamveteran.

4)Findawaytomakeadifference.4)aNewYorkcabdriver.LanguageSenseEnhancement

1.

(1)checkedwith(2)interview(3)grill(4)clippings

(5)berightfor(6)followup(7)indicating（8）hand-delivered

(9)prepared(10)prospective

LanguageFocus

I.1.

1)rude2)physically3)structure4)madeadifference5)blurted(out)6)chuckling7)measurable8)prospective9)preparations10)sparkled11)tookacrackat12)partner

2.

1)goafter2)lookbackat/on3)beputup4)stoodfor5)buildin6)followup7)behookedupto8)closedup

3.

1)grilledheraboutwhereshehadbeenallnight

2)beyondCinderellaswildestdreamsthatshecouldonedaydanceintheKing’spalace

3)willbeinreaders’handssoon

4)doyourhomeworkbeforegoingonaninterview.

5)wasintheneighborhoodof150dollars.

4.

1）applicants,veteran,theprospective

2）Fromhisstandpoint,hasmadeeveryendeavortogoafter

3)asthesayinggoes,tohaveacrackat,barely

II.WordswithMultipleMeanings

1.behave

2.usedtoavoidrepetition

3.Clean

4.getalong

5.perform/complete

6.perform/complete

7.study

8.beenough

9.beacceptable

III.Usage

1.Thereissomuchtosayanditishardtoknowwheretobegin.OK,I’lltalkaboutmyselffirst.

2.Thankyouverymuch,John,foryourbeautifulChristmascard.Bytheway,Ihavesomethinghereforyou.

3.Thenewcomputerlanguagecanbequiteeasilyunderstoodbyanyonewhocanreadthedailynewspaper.Now,whyisthisanadvantage?

4.I’mgoingtoworkouttheoutlineandwillletyouknowhowitgoes.Bytheway,IwillseeyouinFebruary,asIplantoattendyourseminarinShanghai.

5.OK,yougotthejob.Now,howtomaximizeyourprofitswithaslittleeffortaspossible?

6.ChrisisbackfromAustralia.Incidentally,thosepicturesyousentmearewonderful.ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

1.

(1)prospective(2)AsIseeit(3)doneyourhomework(4)beforehand(5)endeavor(6)structure(7)partners(8)Respond(9)takeacrack(10)fromthestandpoint(11)makeadifference(12)followup

2.

(1)encouraging(2)inquiry(3)relevant(4)samples(5)references(6)advice(7)preparing(8)seriously(9)probably(10)exhibit

II.Translation

1.

1)Despitetheinadequatelengthoftheairstripinthisemergencylanding,theveteranpilotmanagedtostoptheplaneaftertaxiingforonlyashortwhile.

2)Grilledbythereporters,themoviestareventuallyblurted(out)thatshehadundergonetwoplasticsurgeries.

3)Wehavethetechnologyandourpartnerhasthecapital.Workingtogether,we’llhavethefutureinourhands.

4)IfIhadknownbeforehandthatyouwouldbringsomanyfriendshome,Iwouldhavemadebetterpreparations.Yousee,Ihavebarelyenoughfoodanddrinksforasnack.

5)Peoplegavegenerouslyuponlearningthatnewschoolroomswithstrongerstructuresweretobebuiltintheearthquake-strickenarea.

2.

Wellbegun,halfdone,asthesayinggoes.Itisextremelyimportantforajobapplicanttodohishomeworkwhileseekingemployment.Frommystandpoint,whetherornotonehasdonehishomeworkclearlymakesadifferencesinhischanceofsuccess.Ihaveafriendwhoisearningsomewhereintheneighborhoodof100,000dollarsayearsinalargecomputersoftwarecompany.Hetoldmethatfromhisownexperiencethedecisionmakerswhointerviewprospectiveemployeeslikepeoplewhoarewellprepared.Thosewhomakenoendeavortolearnasmuchabouthisprospectiveemployeraspossibledonthavemuchofachanceofsuccess.

Unit4

TextA

Textrganization1.

Vocabulary

I.

1)advantageous2)letalone3)witnessing/vanishing4)landmark5)entitled6)displace7)Establishment8)patriotic/strengthen9)contradictions10)aspires11)divorced12)pendulums

2.1)cometo2)dozedoff3)believedin4)wassetapart5)takein6)sucksin7)cleanup8)turnaway

3.

1)Forme,itmakesno/littledifferencewhetherwegotherebytrainorbybus.

2)ToyatahasovertakenGeneralMotorsastheworld’sbiggestcarmaker.

3)Shortlyaftertheirmarriage,Mr.Chamberswasatoddswithhiswifeovermoneymatters.

4)Henryhasbeenattheforefrontofnanotechnologyresearch.

5)Shedoesn’tevenknowhowtoboilpotatoes,letalonecookameal.

5.a)isincreasingly/toaccelerate/theirinvestment

b)economy/makeanearnest/domestic/strikeabalancebetween

c)ahandfulof/beendorsedby/onalargescale

III.Usage

1.Anunusualpresent,abookonethics,wasgiventoHenryforhisbirthday.

2.Thereason(hegave)thathedidn’tnoticethecartilltoolatewasunsatisfactory.

3.Football,hisonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.

4.Cloninghadbeenraisedasapossibilitydecadesago,thendismissed,somethingthatseriousscientiststhoughtwassimplynotgoingtohappenanytimesoon.

ComprehensiveExercises

I.Cloze

(A)

1.academics

2.networking

3.avarietyof

4.growth

5.vanish

6.facilitate

7.endorsing

8.outlook

9.sweepingaside

10.patriotic

11.erasing

12.strikeabalance

(B)

1.aided

2.effects

3.distances

4.connected

5.invested

6.features

7.prevailing

8.qualitatively9.volume10.Distinguishing

Vocabulary

I

1)Inaway2)inaccordance3)vacancy4)ingoodcondition5)transparent6)rub7)spicy8)hitherto9)with(a)badgrace10)instinct11)pawned12)current

2.

1)turnedup2)willstickto3)broughtback4)goabout5)drivingat6)putaway7)over8)tookaback

3.

1)hasaveryweakconstitution---shemaynotbeabletosurvivetheoperation.

2)wastakenabackbytheinsurancecompany’srejectionofmycompensationclaim

3)wassomethingofasurprisewhenweranintoeachotherinaplacelikethat.

4)needstrimming/tobetrimmed---it’sgettingtoolong.

5)areoftenseceptive

4.

1)Oddlyenough/wentbroke/wrinkled/hehadgonealltopieces

2)definite/iscapableof/hervanity

3)toomild/sipping/stroke

II.Usage

1.Exceptfor

2.exceptthat

3.except

4.exceptwhen

5.exceptto

6.exceptwhat

7.exceptwhere

8.exceptthat

III.

Comprehensiveexercises

I.Cloze

1.

1).insane2).current3).candid4).capable5).wastakenaback6).ingoodcondition7).constitution8）.goalltopieces9）.Gonebroke10）.vacancy11）.mild12）.deceptive

2.

1）.suspected2）.pleading3）.confirmed4）stunned5）lucrative6).jewellery7).wealthy8).urge9).spell10).arrested

II.Translation

1.

1)IhaveaninstinctthatHenrywillseektojointheexpedition,becauseheissomethingofanadventurer.

2)Heiscapableofstickingtothetaskathand,evenifheisexposedtonoises.

3)Thetrademarkwasregisteredinaccordancewiththelawshithertoinforce.

4)Oddlyenough,manypeoplevolunteeredtohelporganizethemeeting,butonlyafewturnedup.

5)Theteacher’saffectionatewords,alongwithhiscandidcomments,changedthewayMikeperceivedthesocietyandhimself.

2.

Formyownpart,Ifindthatappearancesarealltoooftendeceptive.Forinstance,youmightbewrongifyoujudgedbyappearancesonlypeoplelikeEdwardHydeBurton.Inappearance,heseemedamanallofapiece.Hewasatinylittlefellowwithwhitehairandmildblueeyes,gentleandcandid.Nevertheless,heturnedouttobeverycruel.HeinsultedandfooledLennywhowasdownandoutandmadehimcommithimselftoaninsaneventure.WhatwasstillmoresurprisingwasthathewascompletelyindifferenttoLenny’sdeath.Withoutdoubt,Burtonwasamanwithaheartofstone.

KeytoUnit6,Book4―ThePaceofLife‖

Vocabulary1

1)appliances2)comparative3)multiply4)distribution5)prosperity6)decorate7)famine8)largequantitiesof/alargequantityof9)streamline10)fax11)pointedthewayto12)bewildered

Vocabulary2

1)eatinto2)clingto3)standout/stoodout4)wearsaway5)setabout6)switchoff7)willbeturnedloose8)pouredin

Vocabulary3

isforecasttobebelowaveragenextyear,whichatthemomentis4percent.

toenterthebuildingandfindthebabygirlprovedfutileasrescuersweredrivenoutbytheheatandflames.

wasurgedtodivertsomeofitsattentionfromexpandingproductionandgetmoreinvolvedwithissuesofmarketdemand.

canreallyeatheavilyintoyourprofitswhenyouaresellingsuitsat￡900anddressesat￡2,000.

hastoiledendlesslyovertheexercisemachineforthelasttwentyyearsinordertokeepherbodyinshape.

Vocabulary4

reactionto;discontent;provoked；convention;evadingtax;theconfinesof；aburden;arealwaysonthego/seemforeveronthego;tocope

II.ConfusableWords

1.1)nervousness2)tension3)stress;stress4)tension

2.1)honorary2)Honorable3)honorable4)honorary5)honorable6)Honorary

III.Usage

Dealingwiththeextinctioncrisisisnosimplematter.Isitsensible,wemayask,tospendlargesumsofmoneytosavesomespecies–beitanelephantoranorchid–inanationinwhichalargeproportionofthepopulationislivingbelowthepovertyline?

Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedanywherelargenumbersofpeopleneedtobequicklyscreened---atairports,trainstations,busterminalsorbordercrossings.However,expertssuspect,thereisalsotheriskthatpeoplewilllearntofoolthemachinethesamewaytheytrytofoolpolygraphreadingsbycontrollingtheirbreathortakingdrugstorelaxthemselves.

Withahighpercentageofmarriagesendingindivorce,oftenduetofinancialdifficulties,youwouldsaythatmoneyisabigfactorinmakingagoodmarriage.But,believeitornot,itisn’tmoneythatensuresyouahappymarriage;itisyourphilosophyoflifethatdoes.

NotalltherisksontheInternetaresexual,youknow.Sitespromotingviolencearejustaclickaway,andmayincludeinstructionsformakingbombsandotherdestructivedevices.

Cloze(Text-related)

1)switchoff2)obliged3)onthego4)cope5)shortage6)largequantityof7)pouringin8)bynature9)fraction10)futile

Cloze(Theme-related)

1)advantage2)wisely3)faithfully4)waking5)includes6)schedule7)sticking8)priorities9)set10)respect

Translation

Theyareexploringthenewfrontiersofmedicalscienceinanattempttofindremediesforincurablediseases/curesfordiseasesthatarebeyondremedysofar.Heruniqueteachingmethodsapart,MsWilson,mymathteacher,nevertriedtocramknowledgeintomyhead.TheregularweatherforecastbytheCentralTVStationkeepsusupwiththechangesofweatherwhereverwegoonatrip.Theappallingexplosionstartedabigfireandcausedthepartialcollapseofthebuilding.Inthemodernworld,therearemorewaysthanevertowasteawaytime,andallkindsofdistractionsareeatingintoourprecioustime.Todayweareunderconstantpressuretoworklongerhours,toproducemore,andtopossessmore.Lotsofpeopleholdthewrongperceptionthathappinessliesinworkinghardandearningwell/goodmoney.Manywomentodayfeelthesamestresstoworkandgetaheadand,atthesametime,tonurturetheiroffspringandshouldertheburdenofdomesticresponsibilities.Researchshowsthatworkaholismtendstodistanceusfromourimmediatefamilies.Itforcesustotoillongerandlongerhours,leavingaminutefractionofourtimetobephysicallyandemotionallyavailabletoourlovedones.Intimacyamongfamilymembersisdoomedtodieintheprocess.

Unit7TextA

Vocabulary:

I

1)1.divined2.nerves3.solidarity4.sacred;mourn5.coated6.perish7.hijack8.grief9.farewell10.takerevengeon11.revolves12.denounced

2)1.drop…off2.appliedfor3.wentoff4.aregainingon5.bringdown6.blottedout7.thinkbackon8.pickingat

3)1.broughtdowntheAmericanhousingmarketin2021

2.whatwillhappenafterhissonstepsintohisshoes?

3.notinthemoodtogoout

4.longbeforethemarketbegantoshowsignsofweakness

5.mournthelossofthetr