2023年八年级暑期话题阅读每日一练：交通与运输（含解析）

第第页2023年八年级暑期话题阅读每日一练：交通与运输（含解析）2023年八年级暑期话题阅读每日一练：交通与运输

（共9题）

一、阅读理解题（共9题）

Travelingbytrainmaynotbethequickestwaytoreachsomeplaces,butforthousandsoftouristsitisstilloneofthemostpopularwaystogettoplacesofsightseeing(观光)aroundTaiwan.Peoplecantakeoneofthetwomainrailwaystoreachalmostallofthebeautifultownsnearthesea.

BeforetravelinginTaiwanbytrain,touristsshouldfirstthinkabouthowfartherailwaystationis,andwhetherthetrainiscomfortableforthetrip.ThefastestandmostcomfortabletrainisZiqiang.Ziqiangcantravelatthespeedof120kmanhour,whiletheusualspeedisaround94kmanhour.Allthecarsinthetrainhaveairconditioners(空调),andthelargewindowsmakeiteasyforpassengerstoenjoysomebeautifulviewsasthetrainrunspast.AslowandlesscomfortabletrainisFuxing.Theticketsarecheaper,becausethetrainstopsatallthestops.

(1)TravelingbytrainispopularinTaiwanbecause_____.

A．itisthequickestwaytoreachplaces

B．touristscanreachmosttownsnearthesea

C．touristscanspendlessmoney

D．itisthemostcomfortablewayoftraveling

(2)Howmanyclasses(种类)oftrainsarethereinTaiwan

A．OneB．TwoC．ThreeD．Four

(3)Theunderlinedword"car"means_____inChinese.

A．小汽车B．火车C．火车头D．车厢

(4)Whichtrainwouldyouliketotakeifyouwanttofeelthemostcomfortable

A．ZiqiangB．Juguang

C．FuxingD．Allofthethree

(5)Accordingtothepassage,theleastcomfortabletrain_____.

A．canrunat120kmanhourB．runsatleast70kmanhour

C．stopsatallthetrainstopsD．doesn'tmeanthecheapest

阅读选择

Beforecarswereinvented(发明),onlyhorsesandbuggies(轻便马车)travelledontheroads.Sometimesthehorseswentfast,butsoontheywouldbecometired.Theanimalsusuallywalkedslowly,andtherewereonlyafewbuggycrashes.However,everythingchangedwhencarsappeared(出现).Thefastcarsandslowbuggiessometimescrashedintoeachother.Onedayin1916,GarretA.Morgan,anAmericaninventorsawaterribleaccident.Hedecidedtobuildsomethingtomakethestreetssafer.

Morgan'snewtrafficsignal(信号)wasaT-shapedpole(T型柱)withthreesigns.Ithadastopsignagosign,andawalksign.Whenthepeopledrivingcarsandbuggiessawastopsign,theyhadtowaitforotherstocrossinfrontofthem.Whentheysawagosign,carsandbuggiescouldcontinueforwardwhileotherswaited.Thethirdsignstoppedalltrafficsopeoplecouldsafelywalkacrossthestreet.Trafficsignalsworkedverywell,andsoontheyappearedonstreetsallacrosstheUnitedStates.

(1)Buggiesdidn'toftencrashintoeachotherbecause_____.

A．thedriverswereverycarefulB．thehorsesusuallywentslowly

C．thehorsesusuallywentfastD．thebuggieswereverylight

(2)WhichsignsdidMorgan'strafficsignalhave

A．Stop,goandwalk.B．Wait,runandgo.

C．Stop,driveandgo.D．Wait,goanddrive.

(3)Whichofthefollowingistrue

A．Lifewaseasierwithoutcars.

B．Therewerenocarsbefore1916.

C．Buggieswentfasterthancars.

D．Buggiesappearedearlierthancars.

(4)WhatmadeMorgandecidetoinventthetrafficsignal

A．Hisinterestinmakingthings.B．Thebusytraffic.

C．Aterribletrafficaccident.D．Achangeintransport.

(5)Thewriterwrotethearticleto_____.

A．tellaboutaninvention(发明)

B．encourageustobecomeinventors

C．showhowthetrafficsignalsworked

D．explainhowpeopletravelledinthepast

It'swellknowntocardriversthatredmeans"stop",greenmeans"go",andyellowmeans"hurryupandmakethatdamnlight".Whythosecolors,thoughTheanswerliesinthefactthattheearliesttrafficsignalsweredesignedfortrains,notcars.Theywereredandgreen,gas-powered,andmorethanalittledangerousintheeventofaleak.

Redisaninherited(继承的)symbolfromrailroads,whichsymbolizesdangerinmanycultures.Asredhasalongerwavelengththananyothercoloronthevisiblespectrum(光谱),itcanbeseenfromagreaterdistancethanothercolors.Redhasmeant"stop"sincelongbeforecarsexisted,withtrainsignals'useofreddatingbacktothedayswhenmechanicalarmsliftedandloweredtoindicatewhethertherailaheadwasclear.

Green'swavelengthisnexttoandshorterthanyellow'sonthevisiblespectrum,meaningit'sstilleasiertoseethananycolorotherthanredandyellow.Backintheearlydaysofrailwaylights,greenmeant"caution",whilethe"all-clear"lightwas,well,clearorwhite.Itissaidthatseveraldisastrouscollisionshappenedafteranengineermistookstarsinthenightforanall-clear.Thus,greenbecame"go",andforalongtime,railwaysusedonlygreenandredtosignaltrains.

Fromtheearliestdaysofmotoringupuntilthemid-1900s,notallstopsignswerered—manywereyellow,becauseatnightitwasallbutimpossibletoseearedstopsigninapoorlylitarea.In1915theyellowstop-signcrazebeganinDetroit,acitythatfiveyearslaterinstalleditsfirstelectrictrafficsignal,whichhappenedtoincludetheveryfirstyellowtrafficlight.

ButwhatofthosemysteriousyellowstopsignsAsmaterialsandtechnologiesevolved,theabilitytoproducehighlyreflectivesignsmeantthatredcouldresumeitsnaturalspotinthesignhierarchy,leavingthestill-highly-visibleyellowtothedomain(领域)of"caution".That'swhyschoolzonesandbuses,crosswalks,andotherimportantwarningsareyellowtoday.

(1)What'sthemainreasonforred'slongbeingusedtomean"stop"

A．Itcanbeseenevenindarkareas.

B．Itrepresentsdangerinmanycultures.

C．Ithasthelongestwavelength.

D．Peoplepreferredtoothercolors.

(2)Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith

A．Themeaningofredisculture-specific.

B．Yellowfunctionedasstopsignsinthe1900s.

C．Green'swavelengthisjustsecondtothatofred.

D．Green'sroleinlighthaschangedovertime.

(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout

A．Thesignificanceofroadtrafficsigns.

B．Thehistoryofrailroadtransportation.

C．Thesymbolicmeaningofdifferentcolors.

D．Theoriginanddevelopmentoftrafficlights.

WhenyouareinEngland,youmustbeverycarefulinthestreet,becausethetrafficrulesarequitedifferentfromours.Theytrafficdrivesontheleft.Youmustlookattherightfirstandthentheleft,thenyoucancrossthestreet.Ifthetrafficfightsarered,thetrafficmuststop,thenthepeopleonfootcancrosstheroad.Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,thetrafficcango.Peopleonfootmustn'tcross.

WhenyougobybusinEngland,youhavetobecareful,too.Alwaysrememberthetrafficmovesontheleft.Havealookfirst,oryouwillgothewrongway.InmanyEnglishcities,therearebigbuseswithtwofloors.Youcansitonthesecondfloor.Fromthereyoucanseethecityverywell.It'sveryinteresting.

(1)WhenyouareinEngland,youmustrememberthat_____.

A．therearemanycarsontheroadB．thetrafficdrivesontheleft

C．thetrafficdrivesontheright

(2)BeforeyoucrossastreetinShanghai,youmustlookatthe_____firstandthen_____.

A．left;rightB．right;leftC．front;back

(3)WhymustyoubecarefulwhenyougobybusinEngland

A．Becausetherearetoomanycars.

B．Becauseyoumaygothewrongway.

C．Becausethetrafficlightsaredifferentfromours.

(4)It'sinterestingto_____inEngland.

A．lookatthepeopleinthestreet

B．crossthestreet

C．sitonthesecondfloorofabigbus

(5)Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage

A．TravelinginEnglandB．TrafficLightsinEngland

C．TrafficinEngland

Aschoolbusisonethatisusedtotakechildrentoandfromschool..

IntheUSA,about450,000schoolbusestakemorethan25millionchildrentoandfromschool.TheyellowschoolbusisaUSicon(象征).YellowbecamethecolorofschoolbusesintheUSAin1939.Dr.Frankgotthegoodidea.Hesaiditwaseasyforpeopletoseeyellowbusesandtheblacklettersontheminearlymorningorlateafternoon.Thatwouldmakechildrensafer.

TherearenotmanyschoolbusesinBritain,andtheyarenotyellow.Theyhavetrackers(追踪器)onthem,sokidsarebeingtrackedwhiletheytraveltoandfromschoolbybus.Thetrackersletparentsknowwheretheschoolbusisandwhethertheirkidsareonthebus.

Kindergarten(幼儿园)isadifficulttimeforsomekids.It'sthefirsttimeforthemtogoawayfromtheirparents.Tomakekidslovetheirschool,Japanesekindergartensandschoolshavecolorfulbuses.Thebusescaneasilymakechildrenwanttotakethemandthengotoschool.Evensomeparentswanttotakethem,too!

SchoolbusesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinChinanow.Itsavesalotoftimeforstudentstotakeaschoolbus.It'ssaidthattherewillbe3,000yellowschoolbusesontheroadbytheendofthisyearinChongqing.

(1)AccordingtoDr.frank,_____schoolbusesaresaferforthestudents.

A．yellowB．blackC．whiteD．colorful

(2)Theschoolbuses_____havetrackersonthem.

A．intheUKB．intheUSAC．inJapanD．inChina

(3)ChildreninJapanmayeasily_____bytakingtheschoolbus.

A．savetimeB．lovetheirschool

C．playgamesD．dotheirhomework

(4)Chinesestudentswillsavealotoftimeto_____toschool.

A．walkB．takeataxi

C．rideabikeD．takeaschoolbus

(5)Thispassageismainlyabout_____.

A．schoolbusesB．schoollife

C．popularcolorsD．students'safety

Todaymoreandmorecarsgointofamilies.WhichcaristhebestforpeopleDifferentpeoplehavedifferentideas.

SomepeoplelikethebrightcolourcarmadeinChina.It'sreallyagoodchoice(选择).ThebrightcolourcarmadeinChinaischeap,niceandsafe.Thiskindofcarsisfitforthegeneralincome(收入一般的)family.

SomepeoplelovefamousforeigncarslikeJapanesecars,AmericancarsandGermancars.They'regoodbuttooexpensive.Butmostpeoplethinkfamousforeigncarsofbetterqualityarebetterinsafety.Thesearefitforthehighincomefamilyorforbusiness.

Somepeoplelikesportscars,becausethey'refastandexciting.Somesportscarsareverynicebutveryexpensive.Onlyrichpeoplecanaffordthem.

Somepeopleliketravelling,sotheyneedatravelcar.Travelcarsarecomfortable.Buttheyusemuchoil(油).

What'sthebestcarforusMaybeit'sanewandpopulartopicinlife.

(1)Tothewriter,thefamousforeigncarisfitfor_____.

A．thehighincomefamilyB．thegeneralincomefamily

C．peopleliketravelingD．peoplelikesports

(2)WhichisNOTtrueaboutcars

A．CarsmadeinChinaareusuallycheap.

B．Famousforeigncarsareusuallyexpensive.

C．Sportscarsareusuallycheap.

D．Travelcarsareusuallycomfortable.

(3)Thepassagetellsus_____.

A．someexpensivecarsB．famousforeigncars

C．somecarsmadeinChinaD．differentcars

阅读理解

Theworld'longesthigh-speedraillinegoesthroughhalfofChina.ItbeganonDecember26,2023.Tocelebratetheopeningofthe2,298kilometersline,twotrainsdeparted(出发)fromstationsinBeijingandGuangzhouat9a.m.and10a.m..

Runningatanaverage(平均)speedof300kilometersanhour,thenewroutecutstraveltimebetweenBeijingandGuangzhoufromover20hourstoabouteight.155pairsoftrainsrunonthenewlineeveryday.Andtherewillstillbe183pairsoftrainsrunningdailyontheoldBeijing—Guangzhouline.Weknowthatthenewlinewillincreasepassengers'(乘客)travelcosts.IfyougofromBeijingtoGuangzhou,afirst-classseatonthenewhigh-speedlinewillcost1,383yuan,andasecond-classseatwillcost865yuan.

ChenYabingisoneofthearchitects(设计师).Hesaidthatthenewlineisoneofthefournorth-southlines,anditisimportantforthecountry’shigh-speedrailwaynetwork,whichalsofeatures(起主要作用)foureast-westlines.WiththeopeningoftheBeijing—Guangzhouhigh-speedline,Chinanowhasmorethan9,300kilometersofhigh-speedrails.

Thenewlineistheworld’slongestoperationmileage(营运里程)high-speedrailway.ItisalsooneofthegreatwondersofChina.

(1)TheBeijing-Guangzhouhigh-speedlinebeganon_____.

A．December26,2023B．December25,2023

C．November26,2023D．November25,2023

(2)YourparentsandyouwillgotoGuangzhoufromBeijing.Yourmotherwilltakethefirst-classseat,yourfatherandyouwilltakethesecond-classseat,it’willtake_____yuan.

A．2,595B．3,113C．3,631D．4,149

(3)IfyoutakethenewlinefromBeijingtoGuangzhouatanaveragespeedof300kilometersanhour,itwillreduce(减少)about______hoursthanbefore.

A．8B．10C．12D．14

(4)Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassage

A．TotellpeoplethelongestHigh-SpeedRailwaybeganoperating.

B．TogiveussomethingabouttheticketpriceofthelongestHigh-SpeedRailway.

C．Todescribesomeraillines.

D．Totellhowthearchitectbuildsthenewline.

HowmanycarsarethereintheworldThereareabout400,000,000.AndhowmanybikesarethereThereareover1,400,000,000!Bikingispopularexercisetoday.

Manycitiesintheworldhavedonealottomakebikeridingeasier.TheUShasBiketoWorkDayonMay21everyyear.Thedayistoencouragepeopletoridebikes,especiallythosewhoalwaysdrivetowork.

Copenhagen,thecapitalofDenmark,istheworld'smostbike-friendlycity.Duringbusyhours,trafficlightsarealwaysgreenforbike-riders.Whenit'ssnowy,peopleclearthesnowonbicycletracksfirst.Thecarlanesarenext.

InAmsterdam,thecapitaloftheNetherlands,peoplecanrentabikealmostanywhereinthecity.

However,bikingisnotthateasyinmanyChinesecities.Carsusuallytakeupbicyclelanes,andbikershavetotravelnexttocarsincarlanes.Itisverydangerous.Butofcourse,therearesomebike-friendlycities.Forexample,Hangzhouisfamousforitscheapandconvenientpublicbikerentalnetwork.AndXiamenhasoneofthemostbeautifulisland-circling(环岛的)cycletracksinChina.

(1)OnMay21everyyear,_____haveBiketoWorkDay.

A．AmericansB．PeopleinDenmark

C．ChineseD．Peopleallovertheworld

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"lanes"mean

(3)Whatisthe"bike-friendlycity"

A．Ridersinthecityarefriendly.

B．Peoplearefriendlytothoseriders.

C．Rulesandenvironmentinthecityaregoodforriders.

D．Everyoneinthecityisfriendly.

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项。

WhenyouareinEngland,youmustbeverycarefulinthestreetsbecausethetrafficdrivesontheleft.Beforeyoucrossastreet,youmustlooktotherightfirstandthenleft.Ifthetrafficlightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.Thenthepeopleonfootcancrosstheroad.

Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,thetrafficcango.Peopleonfootmustn'tcross.Inthemorningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegotoorcomefromwork,thestreetsareverybusy.Trafficismostdangerousthen.

WhenyougobybusinEngland,youhavetobecareful,too.Alwaysrememberthetrafficmovesontheleft.Soyoumustbecareful.Havealookfirstoryouwillgothewrongway.

InmanyEnglishcities,therearebigbuseswithtwofloors.Youcansitonthesecondfloor.Fromthereyoucanseethecityveryclearly.It'sveryinteresting.

(1)Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,_____.

A．EveryonecancrosstheroadB．peopleonfootmustn'tcross

C．carsmustn'tgoD．childrenmaygoacrosstheroad

(2)InEngland,itisveryinterestingto_____.

A．crossthestreets

B．lookatthetrafficlights

C．sitonthesecondfloorofabigbusandseethebeautifulcity

D．lookatthebusystreetsinthemorning

(3)Whichisthebesttitle(题目)

A．BusesinEnglandB．TrafficinEngland

C．TravellinginEnglandD．TrafficlightsinEngland

答案

一、阅读理解题（共9题）

1.【答案】

(1)B

(2)B

(3)D

(4)A

(5)C

【解析】

(1)本文介绍了在台湾乘火车旅行。

细节题。根据第1段第2句“Peoplecantakeoneofthetwomainrailwaystoreachalmostallofthebeautifultownsnearthesea.(人们可以乘坐两条铁路干线中的一条到达几乎所有靠近海边的美丽城镇。)”可知“乘火车旅行在台湾很受欢迎，因为游客可以到达海边的大多数城镇。”

(2)细节题。根据第2段可知在台湾有2种火车:自强号（第2段第2句ThefastestandmostcomfortabletrainisZiqiang.）和复兴号（AslowandlesscomfortabletrainisFuxing.）。

(3)词意猜测题。此句“Allthecarsinthetrainhaveairconditioners(空调),andthelargewindowsmakeiteasyforpassengerstoenjoysomebeautifulviewsasthetrainrunspast.”句意是：火车上所有的车厢都有空调，大窗户使乘客在火车经过时可以很容易地欣赏到一些美丽的景色。可知“car”的意思是“车厢”。

(4)细节题。根据第2段第2句“ThefastestandmostcomfortabletrainisZiqiang”可知“如果你想感觉最舒服，你要坐自强号车”。

(5)细节题。根据第2段最后一句“Theticketsarecheaper,becausethetrainstopsatallthestops”可知“最不舒服的火车会在所有的火车站停下来”。

2.【答案】

(1)B

(2)A

(3)D

(4)C

(5)A

3.【答案】

(1)C

(2)D

(3)D

【解析】

(1)不同颜色的交通灯有不同的意义，本文讲述了交通信号灯的起源和发展。

细节理解题。根据第二段前两句Redis…symbolizesdangerinmanycultures.Asredhasalongerwavelengththananyothercoloronthevisiblespectrum(光谱),itcanbeseenfromagreaterdistancethanothercolors.可知，红色在很多文化中象征着危险。由于红色在可见光谱中有比其他任何颜色更长的波长，它可以比其他颜色从一个更大的距离被看到。

(2)推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Redisaninherited(继承的)symbolfromrailroads,whichsymbolizesdangerinmanycultures.可知，红色在很多文化中象征着危险。A错误；根据第四段第二句In1915theyellowstop-signcrazebeganinDetroit…whichhappenedtoincludetheveryfirstyellowtrafficlight.1915年，黄色停车标志开始在底特律流行起来，五年后，底特律安装了第一个电子交通信号，其中恰巧包含了第一个黄色交通信号灯。因此B选项“1900s二十世纪前十年”是错误的；根据第三段第一句Green'swavelengthisnexttoandshorterthanyellow'sonthevisiblespectrum,thanredandyellow.可知，在可见光谱中，绿色的波长仅次于黄色，比黄色短，这意味着除了红色和黄色之外，绿色比其