英国文学史及选读课件-4-The-Renaissance

Unit4TheRenaissance

I.BackgroundII.ShakespeareBackgroundTheRenaissanceisanepoch时期，时代

ofsocialandculturaldevelopmentnotonlyforallWesternEuropebutalsoforEngland.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinEnglandineveryaspect.A.Politically:a.Theabsolutemonarchy君主专制政体

wasformedinEngland.KingHenryVIIIbrokeoffwiththePope(天主教)教皇;罗马教皇

sothatthesecular现世的;世俗的;非宗教的

andreligiouspowerwasconsolidated合并,联合,统一underoneking.b.TheoldEnglisharistocracy贵族

wastakentheplacebyanewnobilitytotallydependentontheking’spower.c.Theclassofbourgeoisiecomposedof由…组成，构成therichmerchantsandhandicraftsmen手工业者

livinginthecitiescameintobeing出现，形成.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationofcapitalism.B.Economically:a.Manufactoriesweredevelopingandthewooltradewasrapidlygrowing.Thelarge-scaleenclosure圈地;围场

ofcommonlandIt’satimecalledbyThomasMore“sheepdevoured吞食

men”period.b.ThevictoryoverSpanconsolidated巩固，加强

GreatBritain’srightonthehighseas公海

andinworldtrade.Theuprisingsofpeasants农民,佃农

wereruthlessly无情地;冷酷地;残忍地

suppressed压制，镇压

.C.Socially:TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstate,thisperiodismarkedbyaflourishing茂盛，繁荣，兴旺

ofnationalcultureknownasRenaissance.D.Culturally:*Renaissancea.“renaissance”―aFrenchword,meaning“rebirth”,“revival苏醒；复活；复兴

”b.itisfirstusedtoindicatearevivalofclassical(GreekandRome)artsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism蒙昧主义

.c.NowitisusedtoindicatetheintellectualandliterarymovementoverEuropefromthe14thtotheearly17thcentury.RenaissanceRenaissanced.AgreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.e.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.

*HumanismThestudyandpropagation增殖，繁殖,广传，传播

ofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressive进步的;先进的;革新的

thinkersofhumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical基督教会的；教士的

knowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipation释放,解放

ofmanfromthetyranny暴政，专制

ofthechurchandreligiousdogmas教条

.

*Manisthemeasureofallthings;*Manhasabilitytoperfectthemselves,todeveloptheindividual;*Manshouldenjoythepresentlife.*Essays:a.ThomasMore---Utopia(Latin:nowhere)b.FrancisBacon---Essays

E.Literarily:*poetry:a.ThomasWyatt---thefirsttointroducetheSonnetintoEnglishliteratureb.EdmundSpenser---“TheFairyQueen”*drama:ChristopherMarlowe---made“BlankVerse”theprinciplevehicleofexpressionindramaforthefirsttimeinhistory.unrhymediambicpentameter(五步抑扬格withfivefeetunstressedsyllable+stressedsyllable)*Blankverse(白体诗、无韵体诗)2.WilliamShakespeare(1564―1616)2.WilliamShakespeare(1564―1616)HisLifeHiswritingcareerShakespeare’sachievementandsignificanceHisLife1564,BorninStratford-on-Avon1588-1592,inLondonasactorandplaywright1592-98,devotedhimselfmainlytohistoryplaysandcomedies

1601-1609,wrotethegreatesttragediesandromanticcomedies1610,retiredtoStratford1616,died.Fourperiods1).1588-1594periodofapprenticeship(10plays)2).1595-1600lyricalpoems抒情诗

;historicalplaysandcomedies(2plays)Hiswritingcareer3).1601-1607greattragedies;darkcomedies悲喜剧(tragicomedies)(11plays)4).1608-1613romanticdrama(4plays)*FourTypesofHisPlaysa.comedyb.tragedyc.tragic-comedyd.historicalplaysTheTwelfthNightAMidsummerNight’sDreamFourgreatesttragediesHamlet

OthelloKingLearMacbethtragic-comedyTheMerchantofVeniceTheTempestHistoricalplaysHenryVI*Shakespeare’sachievementandsignificance

2longnarrativepoems;154sonnets;37playsa.representstheclimaxoftheRenaissance;b.oneofthefewwriterswhocanbesaidindispensableintheEuropeanliteraryhistory;

(Homer,DanteandShakespeare)c.themostinfluentialmanoflettersincetheRenaissance:d.anencyclopediaoftheElizabethanAgee.therepresentativeoftheRenaissanceliteratureingeneral;f.“He’snotofanage,butofal