研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析)

研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷19(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION2.VOCABULARY3.CLOZE4.READINGCOMPREHENSION5.TRANSLATION6.WRITINGLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearnineshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbereadonlyonce.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.听力原文：W:Say,Michael,ifyoulikeclassicmusic,we’vegotanextraticketfortheconcertonSunday.Caretojoinus?M:Gee,howcouldIturndownanofferlikethis?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?1．A．Hedoesn’tlikeclassicmusic.B．Hefeelssorrytodeclinetheoffer.C．Heiseagertogototheconcert.D．Hehasn’tgotaticketyet.正确答案：C听力原文：M:Wethoughtwe’dallgooutforlunchtoday.Canyoubereadytoleaveattwelveo’clock?W:Ihavetopickupmycaranddoacoupleofothererrands,soI’lljustcomestraighttotherestaurant.Q:Wherewillthewomanmeetherfriends?2．A．Atthegarage.B．Attherestaurant.C．Atthesupermarket.D．Attheoffice.正确答案：B听力原文：W:ImusthavetoldTonyfivetimesnottoforgettheinterview,andhestillmissedit.M:Well,youknowTony—everything’sinoneearandouttheother.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3．A．Tonydoesn’talwayslisten.B．Tonyhashearingproblems.C．Tonyrefusedtoattendtheinterview.D．Tonyishabituallyforgetful.正确答案：A听力原文：M:Theweatheriscertainlyunusualforthistimeoftheyear.W:Yeah.Sowarmandhumid.Q:Whatistheweathergenerallylike?4．A．Cooleranddrier.B．Warmerandwetter.C．Moderatelyhot.D．Basicallychangeable.正确答案：A听力原文：W:Whichdepartmentdoyouwanttoregisterwith?M:I’dliketoseeaphysician.Idon’tknowwhichclinic.Ihavearashallovermybody.Ititchesbadly.Q:Whatisthewoman’soccupationprobably?5．A．Adoctor.B．Anoperator.C．Anurse.D．Adentist.正确答案：C听力原文：M:I’dliketoexchangethisredsweaterthatIboughtyesterdayfortheblueone.W:Theblueoneisonly$11.95,andtheredoneis$15.Q:Approximatelyhowmuchdoestheclerkowetheman?6．A．$0.35.B．$3.50.C．$3.05.D．$30.5.正确答案：C听力原文：W:Whathappened?Weweresupposedtomeethereat6.I’vebeenwaitingforyoualmost30minutes.M:Sorry.IwasworkingalldayformyoralpresentationandIgottosowrappedupinitthatIcompletelylosttrackofthetime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7．A．Hehadsomethingwrongwithhiswatch.B．Hethoughtthemeetingwasforadifferentday.C．Hisoralpresentationwasnotwell-prepared.D．Hewasnotpayingattentiontothetime.正确答案：D听力原文：W:IschemistryclasscancellednextFridayforthelongweekend?M:ProfessorSmithcancelledtheclass?You’vegottobekidding?Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8．A．Hedidn’tattendProfessorSmith’sclasslasttime.B．Hethinkstheclasswillmeetasscheduled.C．Thewomanshouldaskamoreseriousquestion.D．ProfessorSmithhascancelledhisclasses.正确答案：B听力原文：M:I’msorry.Isthatyourcoatoverthere?Ijustspiltbeeronit.W:It’snobigdeal.Iwastakingittothecleaner’sanyway.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?9．A．Thewomandoesnotdrinkbeer.B．Itwasnotthewoman’scoat.C．Thewomanjusthadhercoatcleaned.D．Thewomanisnotangrywiththeman.正确答案：DSectionBDirections:Inthissectionyouwillheartwomini-talks.Attheendofeachtalk,therewillbesomequestions.Boththetalksandthequestionswillbereadtoyouonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.听力原文：Well,goodmorning,everyone,it’sgoodtoseeyouallhere.WelcometoSmithHouse.SmithHouseasyoumayormaynotknowisoneoftheoldestresidentialcollegesoftheuniversity.Asyoucansee,thebuildingyou’reinnowwhichcontainsthismainlounge,thediningroom,therecreationroom,thekitchenandtheofficewaspartoftheoriginaloldhouse,builtinthe1840stobeusedbythefamilyofGeorgeSmith.That’sofcoursehowthehouseandcollegegottheirnames.Theoriginalhousewasconvertedintoaresidentialcollegefortheuniversityin1940andsincethenhascontinuedtobeaddedtoandmodernized.You’llnoticewhenyoureceiveyourroomallocationinafewminutesthatyourroomnumbereitherbeginswiththeletterN,S,orWlikethisonehere.Thefirstletterreferstothethreewingsofthecollegewhichcomeawayfromthismainbuilding.Ofcoursethelettersrepresentthethreedirections—inthiscase—north,southandwest.Eachwinghastwofloors,andsothenextnumberyouseeiseitherone,orinthiscasetwo,andthisindicateswhichflooryourroomison.Thenumberafterthatisyourindividualroomnumber.Soit’squitesimpletofindanyroombygoingtotherightwing,thenfloor,andthenroomnumber.Q10:WhatwasSmithHouseoriginally?Q11:WhichofthefollowingistrueofthepresentSmithHouse?Q12:WhatismeantbyW234accordingtothistalk?10．A．Aresidentialcollege.B．Afamilyhouse.C．Auniversity.D．Anofficeblock.正确答案：B11．A．ItisthesameastheoldSmithHouse.B．Ithasbecomesmaller.C．Ithasbecomelarger.D．Itisthesameasitwasinthe1840s.正确答案：C12．A．Wing2—3rdFloor—Room4.B．West—2ndFloor—Room34.C．WestWing2—3rdFloor—Room4.D．WestWing—2ndFloor—Room34.正确答案：D听力原文：MillionaireArthurRyersonsteppedonboardtheTitanic,theworld’smostfamousluxuryship.HewasgoingtoenjoythistripacrosstheAtlantic.ThiswastheTitanic’sfirstvoyage,atripfromEnglandtoNewYorkCity.Herdeckswerefilledwithlibraries,smokingrooms,diningrooms,agymnasium,andaswimmingpool.WhentheTitanicpulledoutofportonApril10,1912,shewascarrying2,224passengersandcrew.Thefirstfourdaysofthetripwereclear,clam,andcold.ArthurRyersonspenthisdaystalking,walking,andplayingcardswithseveralofhisfriends.Allthepassengerswereenjoyingtheirdaysabroadtheship.Noneofthemknewofthedangerahead.Theywereapproachingicebergs.TheeveningofApril14wasrelaxedandfriendly.By11:30,mostpassengersweresleepingorgettingreadyforbed.Otherpassengerswerereading,drinking,orwritingletters.Thebandwasfinishingfortheevening.ArthurRyersonwasplayingcardswiththreeofhisfriends.Outinthecold,oneofthecrewmenwasstandingwatch.Suddenly,upahead,hesawsomethinginthewater.Heimmediatelyrangthreebellsandradioedtheengineroom.“Iceberg,rightahead!Stop!”Itwastoolate.Theicebergrippeda300-footholeintheTitanic’srightside.Theshipwasfillingwithwaterandsinkingfast.Therewasnopaniconboard.ArthurRyersonwasoneofthemenwhohelpedwomenandchildrenintothelifeboats.Whenhesawtherewouldbenoroomforhimselforanyoftheothermenontheship,Ryersonandhisthreefriendsreturnedtothesmokingroomandtheirgameofcards.TheywerestillplayingastheTitanicsankintotheicywaters.Onthatcoldeveningin1912,1,513peoplelosttheirlivesinoneoftheworstseadisastersinhistory.Q13:Whichofthefollowingdidn’tTitanichaveonboardtheship?Ql4:Whatwasthedateofthedisastrousaccident?Q15:Whydidsomanypeoplelosetheirlives?13．A．Smokingrooms.B．Agymnasium.C．Assemblyrooms.D．Diningrooms.正确答案：C14．A．April10,1912.B．April11,1912.C．April13,1912.D．April14,1912.正确答案：D15．A．Therewerenotenoughlifeboats.B．Therewerehugewaves.C．Therewastoomuchpanic.D．Peopleweredisorganized.正确答案：ASectionCDirections:Inthissectionyouwillbearashortlecture.Listentotherecordingandcompletethenotesaboutthelecture.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.AftertherecordingyouareaskedtowritedownyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Younowhave25secondstoreadthenotesbelow.听力原文：Anestimated50millionto70millionAmericanssufferfrominsomnia,anumbrellatermfortroublefallingorstayingasleepandothersleepproblems.Agoodnight’ssleepismoreimportanttooursenseofwell-beingintheshorttermthanitistoourhealth.Itfeelsterriblewhenyoumissanight’ssleep,butitwon’tkillyou.Long-term,itcanleadtohealthissuesifyoukeepmissingsleep.Youfeeldrowsyandnotclear-headed;drivingandoperatingmachinerycanbedangerous.Long-termeffectsincludedepressionandanxiety,heartfailure,hypertensionandevenobesity.Itisahealthhazard.Whatcausesinsomnia?Therearealotofcauses,fromworryingaboutnotsleeping,tostress,toeatingtoomuchortoolittlebeforebed,drinkingtoomuchalcohol,caffeine,sideeffectsfromcommonmedications,andmore.Thereareseveralover-the-counterdrugsavailabletohelppeoplesleep,butifyoudon’twanttousedrugs,therearesomethingsyoucandoonyourowntohelpgetagoodnight’ssleep:Keeptheroomdark:Thethingthattellsyourbodyit’snighttimeiswhenit’sdark.Evenalittlebitoflightcansendthemessagetoyourbraintowakeup.Controltheroomsounds:Ifyou’realightsleeper,theslightestnoisewillwakeyouup.Ifyourmatesnores,changerooms;ifthere’sstreetnoise,closewindows.Limitbedroomactivity:Don’tdoanythinginbedbutgotosleep.Getridoftelevision,computers,books.Don’teatinbed.Createasleepandwakeschedule:Pickthetimeyouwanttogotobedeverynightandwakeupeverymorning,includingweekends,andsticktoit.Ifyoumessupthatstrictschedule,don’ttrytocatchup.16．Long-termeffectsinclude________(3words),heartfailure,hypertensionandevenobesity.正确答案：depressionandanxiety17．...drinkingtoomuchalcohol,caffeine,________(2words)fromcommonmedications.正确答案：sideeffects18．...therearesomethingsyoucando________(3words)tohelpgetagoodnight’ssleep.正确答案：onyourown19．Evenalittlebitoflightcan________(3words)toyourbraintowakeup.正确答案：sendthemessage20．Pickthetimeyouwanttogotobed...includingweekends,and________(3words).正确答案：sticktoitVOCABULARYSectionADirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithonewordorphraseunderlined.BelowthesentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.21．Acasualdressseemsoutofplaceifyougotoanimportantjobinterview.A．incomparableB．irreversibleC．inappropriateD．illegitimate正确答案：C解析：该句意为：如果你参加一个重要的工作面试，穿休闲装似乎是不合适的。outofplace：不合适的，不得体的；incomparable：无法比较的；irreversible：不可逆的；inappropriate：不合适的；illegitimate：不合法的。22．Akid’sdesirablehabitcanbereinforcedbyparents’encouragementandpraise.A．consolidatedB．relaxedC．weakenedD．evaded正确答案：A解析：该句意为：父母的鼓励和表扬能巩固和加强孩子的良好习惯。reinforce：增强，加固，加强；consolidate：加固；relax：放松，缓解；weaken：削弱；evade：躲避，逃避。23．Ifdiplomacywasgoingtosucceed,weneededafundamentallydifferentapproach.A．equallyB．radicallyC．stunninglyD．punctually正确答案：B解析：该句意为：我们需要采取完全不同的处理方式，这样我们的外交手段才能成功。fundamentally：从根本上，基本上，基础上；equally：同样地；radically：很大程度上，基本上，完全地；stunningly：惊人地；punctually：准时。24．ThewatersoftheAmazonRiverareinhabitedby2,500differentspeciesoffish.A．populatedB．swallowedC．forbiddenD．invaded正确答案：A解析：该句意为：亚马孙河里面生活着2500多种鱼类。inhabit：居住；populate：居住(densely-populatedcities：人口稠密的城市)；swallow：吞咽，燕子；forbid：禁止；invade：侵略，侵入。25．Theimpactofthefinancialcrisismanifestsitselfinthetotalnumberoftheunemployed.A．investsB．concealsC．plungesD．displays正确答案：D解析：该句意为：金融危机的影响体现在失业人员的总数上。manifest：展现，体现，表现，明显的(形容词)；invest：投资，投入；conceal：掩饰，隐藏；plunge：陷入，投入，下跌；display：展示，展览。26．AttheveryoutsetofourmeetingagreatpersonalreliefwasexperiencedbybothVanHelsingandmyself.A．endB．onsetC．middleD．prospect正确答案：B解析：该句意为：刚一见面，VanHelsing和我都感到如释重负。outset：开始，最初；end：终点，尽头，末尾，结尾；onset：开始，开端，发作；middle：中，中间；prospect：前景，展望，未来可能性，attheprospectof：一想到……。27．AlthoughIfeltsuspiciousatfirst,Ihavecometobelievewhatshesaidthatday.A．firstofallB．forthefirsttimeC．beforelongD．inthebeginning正确答案：D解析：该句意为：虽然我最初表示怀疑，但现在觉得那天她说的是实话。atfirst：起初，最初(表示后来变化，绝不是“第一点”)；firstofall：第一点(相当于firstly)；forthefirsttime：第一次，首次；beforelong：不久：inthebeginning(起初，与initially是同义词)。28．Itriedtotalkmydaughterintodiningoutatanearbyrestaurantthatevening,butinvain.A．tomyadvantageB．intheendC．tonoeffectD．tosomeextent正确答案：C解析：该句意为：我试图劝说女儿到附近的饭店吃饭，但没有奏效。invain：徒劳的；tomyadvantage：对我有利；intheend：最终；tonoeffect：没有效果；tosomeextent：某种程度上。29．Mostvisitorscouldn’thelpadmiringthismuseumforitsnoveltyandsplendor.A．freshnessB．fictionC．imaginationD．fascination正确答案：A解析：该句意为：这个博物馆不仅设计新颖，而且壮观华丽，大多数参观者禁不住表示赞叹。novelty：新颖，新奇；freshness：新鲜；fiction：小说；imagination：想象力；fascination：魅力，迷人。30．Therainyweatherlastedforaboutfiveconsecutivedays,leavingtheroomcoldanddamp.A．intermediateB．successiveC．unbearableD．conventional正确答案：B解析：该句意为：连续下雨5天左右了，房间又冷又潮。consecutive：连续的；intermediate：中级的，中等的；successive：连续的；unbearable：无法忍受的；conventional：常规的，传统的，约定俗成的。SectionBDirections:Therearetenquestionsinthissection.Eachquestionisasentencewithsomethingmissing.BeloweachsentencearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.Markthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringAnswerSheet.31．Enrollmentineachprogramislimitedand________requirementsvaryfromprogramtoprogram.A．acknowledgementB．admissionC．confessionD．recognition正确答案：B解析：该句意为：每个项目的录取人数有限，而且录取要求各异。acknowledgement：感谢，承认；admission：录取；confession：承认，忏悔；recognition：承认，意识，识别。32．TheUKispredictedtobehome________morepeoplethanFranceby2030andmorepeoplethanGermanyby2047.A．forB．aboutC．amongD．to正确答案：D解析：该句意为：到2030年，英国人口有望超过法国，到2047年，有望超过德国。本题考查介词的组合。home习惯上接to，表示“……的家园”。33．TheopeningceremonyoftheOlympicGamesisusuallytelecast________tothewholeworld.A．aliveB．livingC．liveD．lively正确答案：C解析：该句意为：奥运会的开幕式通常向全球现场直播。alive：活着的；living：有生命的，生活方面的；live：住，生活，现场直播的；lively：生动的，活跃的，有生机的。34．Computerscanfinishcalculationsinafractionofthetime________byhumanbeings.A．spentB．takenC．costD．paid正确答案：B解析：该句意为：计算机完成计算所需的时间是人所需时间的很小一部分。“花时间”从来不用cost或pay，而spend表示“把时间用于……”，并不用于表示“做……所花费的时间”，take则可以。35．Itishopedthat________graduatestudentsshouldapplyonlineandfollowthechecklistbelowtogathersupplementalmaterials.A．respectiveB．speculativeC．indicativeD．prospective正确答案：D解析：该句意为：希望未来的研究生们上网申请并按照下面的清单获取补充材料。respective：各自的，分别的；speculative：推测的；indicative：表明；prospective：未来的，前瞻性的。36．Prisonersintheconcentrationcampsenduredmiseryandmaltreatmentthat________description.A．exceededB．overtookC．excelledD．outdid正确答案：A解析：该句意为：集中营中的囚犯们忍受的痛苦和虐待是无法描述的。exceed：超出，数量超过，超越；overtake：超车；excel：卓越，突出；outdo：表现超过某人。37．Yourvaluesandbeliefswillgoalongwaytowards________yourfuture.A．detectingB．makingC．formingD．shaping正确答案：D解析：该句意为：你的价值观和信仰在很大程度上决定了你的未来。detect：发现，检测，察觉；form：形成；shape：形状，体形，使……成形，决定。38．NorthKorealaunchedalong-rangerocketcarryingwhatitcalledasatellite________globalwarnings.A．inlinewithB．indefianceofC．inconformitywithD．incaseof正确答案：B解析：该句意为：尽管受到全球警告，但朝鲜还是发射了自称为卫星的远程火箭。inlinewith：与……一致，符合……(相当于inconformitywith)；indefianceof：尽管有……，公然对抗……；incaseof：在发生……的情况下。39．Theladyremainedinherownroom,withthefemaleservantsaroundher,________endlesspreparationsfortheapproachingdeparture.A．composedofB．boundforC．immersedinD．doomedto正确答案：C解析：该句意为：这位太太仍在自己的房间里，周围是女仆。她马上要动身了，却在忙于准备工作，好像永远干不完。composedof：由……组成的；boundfor：驶向……；immersedin：专心于……，浸泡于……；doomedto：注定，必然。40．Greenis________eternallifeinJapanesecultureandthesacredcolorofIslam,representingrespectandtheprophetMuhammad.A．absorbedinB．ascribedtoC．convictedofD．associatedwith正确答案：D解析：该句意为：在日本文化中，绿色意味着永恒，也是穆斯林所崇尚的颜色，代表敬畏和先知默罕默德。beabsorbedin：专心做……(相当于immersedin)；beascribedto：归因于；beconvictedof：被定……罪；beassociatedwith：与……相关，与……联想。CLOZEHairloss,orgettingbald,isquitecommon.Nearlytwooutofeverythreemenwillbeginbalding【C1】______they’re60.Mostdon’tpartwiththeirhairwillingly—Americanmalescollectivelyspend$1billionayeartryingto【C2】______theirhair.Andwithgoodreason,recentresearchsuggeststhatwomenfindbaldingmenlessattractivethantheir【C3】______whohaveathickheadofhair,andtheymayalsobe【C4】______forexecutivepositionsintheircareers.Butwhatreallycauseshairloss,andisthereanythingthatcanbedone【C5】______it?Thisnaturalbreakthroughforhairlossmaybetheanswer.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthemost【C6】______typeofhairloss,malepatternbaldness,canbe【C7】______byfaultyhair-makingcellsintheskinofthehead.Researchershavelongbelievedthatmenwhosehair【C8】______thins—startingwitharecedinghairline,andthenstretchingtothecrown—lackedasufficientnumberofthesecells.【C9】______,itappearsthatthecellsaremerelyunabletocompletetheirnormaldevelopmentandmaturetoafully-functioningstate.Thatfindingcouldbethekeytoreversinghairthinningandbaldness【C10】______theuniversalbeliefthatthereisnoeffectivecureforhairloss.41．【C1】A．nomorethanB．asmuchasC．bythetimeD．sofaras正确答案：C解析：空白处引导的从句表示开始脱发的时间。nomorethan：只有(常接数字)；asmuchas：多达(接数字)；sofaras：到……程度(相当于totheextentorpointthat…．)，如sofarasIknow(据我所知)；bythetime：到……时候。该结构或bytheendof…表示“事情发展的阶段”，不是必须使用完成时，表示进行的动作可用进行时，而表示状态可用一般时。在我国，学生见到bythetime就想到完成时，这实际上是错误的认识。42．【C2】A．getdowntoB．holdontoC．goinforD．keeptrackof正确答案：B解析：短文第一段第二句说明男性都不希望自己脱发，所以每年共投入10亿美元护发。getdownto：开始考虑……或从事……，如getdowntobusiness(谈正事)；holdonto：紧抓，紧握，不放弃，如holdontolife(活下去)；goinfor：由于感兴趣而从事，如goinforsports(从事体育锻炼)；keeptrackof：跟踪。43．【C3】A．equivalentsB．counterpartsC．correspondentsD．characters正确答案：B解析：空白处前面的their指的是men’s，也就是说谢顶的男性不如他们满头浓发的……有魅力。equivalent：对应词，等量物，等价物，如anequivalentofamaster’sdegree(相当于硕士学位)；counterpart：同等地位或作用的人或机构，相似的人或机构，如thepresidentoftheUnitedStatesandhisChinesecounterpart(美国总统和中国国家主席)；correspondent：记者；character：角色，人物，汉字，性格。44．【C4】A．brokendownB．settleddownC．calmeddownD．turneddown正确答案：D解析：空白处前面的they指的是baldingmen。上一句讲了谢顶男性的魅力受损，可以断定此句也与谢顶的弊端有关。breakdown：突破，分解，情绪失控，出毛病；settledown：居住，定居，安家；calmdown：安静下来，镇定；turndown：拒绝。45．【C5】A．forB．onC．aboutD．to正确答案：C解析：很多同学习惯使用takeaction或takemeasures，但忽略了“朴实无华”的dosomething／anything／nothingabout…。dosomethingfor…是“帮忙”，dosomethingwithsomething经常表示“用……干……”，而dosomethingabout…表示“对……采取对策”，如wecandonothingaboutit(我们对此无计可施)。46．【C6】A．prevalentB．populousC．privilegedD．prudent正确答案：A解析：prevalent：流行的，常见的，普遍的；populous：人口多的；privileged：有特权的；prudent：谨慎的。47．【C7】A．preventedB．triggeredC．curedD．diagnosed正确答案：B解析：prevent：防止；trigger：诱发，引发；cure：治愈，治疗；diagnose：诊断。因为空白处后面有faultyhair-makingcells(不正常的生发细胞)，所以选择trigger。48．【C8】A．defensivelyB．retrospectivelyC．respectivelyD．progressively正确答案：D解析：defensively：防御性地；retrospectively：回顾性地；respectively：各自地，分别；progressively：逐渐地，逐步地。空白处后面说明脱发的过程：额头上方的发际线逐渐后撤，无发的区域慢慢地延伸到头顶。49．【C9】A．SoB．ButC．RatherD．And正确答案：C解析：此选项可能有点麻烦。首先要参考标点。空白处后面有逗号，就排除了but和and，再看前后两句的意义联系，似乎没有因果关系，而rather经常用于句首，需要接逗号，表示“更确切地说”。50．【C10】A．becauseofB．inspiteofC．bymeansofD．accordingto正确答案：B解析：此选项也比较费脑，必须参考前后两句的意义关系。空白处前面说“此发现对于逆转脱发和谢顶至关重要”，后面句子的意义是“人们普遍认为无法有效治疗脱发”，意义上有转折关系，所以选择inspiteof。READINGCOMPREHENSIONIn1742BenjaminFranklininventedanewtypeofstove,forwhichhewasofferedapatent.Franklinrefusedit,arguinginhisautobiographythatbecause“weenjoyedgreatadvantagesfromtheinventionsofothers,weshouldbegladofanopportunitytoserveothersbyanyinventionofours.”Mostinventorsarenotasgenerousasthe“NewtonofElectricity”:Theywanttoturntheirinventionsintoaprofit.Thepatentsystem,whichwasdevelopedindependentlyin15th-centuryVeniceandthenin17th-centuryEngland,gaveentrepreneursamonopolytoselltheirinventionsforanumberofyears.Yetbythe1860sthepatentsystemcameunderattack.Patents,criticsargued,inhibitedfuturecreativitybyallowinginventorstorestontheirlaurels.Recenteconomicresearchbacksthisup.Thepharmaceuticalindustrymakesthebestcaseforpatents(andmakesthemostofpatentswhentheyareapproved).Medicalresearchanddevelopment(R&D)iscostly.Moreover,althoughapatentapplicationmustbefiledstraightafteradrugdiscovery,clinicaltrialsnecessaryfordrugapprovalmaytakeseveralyears.Thisshortenstheeffectivelifeofthepatent,whichcausesproblems.Inordertoprovetheefficacyofadrug,pharmaceuticalshavetomatchthelengthofaclinicaltrialtotheexpectedsurvivaltimeofthepatients.Aclinicaltrialforpatientswithaspreadingcancerlastsonlythreeyearscomparedtoan18-year-longtrialforthosesufferingfromamilder,localizedcancer.Sinceatypicalpatentisinforcefor20years,firmsonlyhavetwoyearsofeffectivepatentlengthlefttocommercializeanewdrugagainstthelocalizedcancer.Thedatapaintagloomypicture.Pharmaceuticalcompaniesconduct30timesmoreclinicaltrialsforrecurrentcancerdrugsthanforpreventivedrugs.TheydiverttheirR&Dexpendituresawayfrommorecurable,localizedcancersandfocusonincurablespreadingandrecurrentcancersinstead.Thepatentsystemencouragespharmaceuticalstopumpoutdrugsaimedatthosewhohavealmostnochanceofsurvivingthecanceranyway.ThispatentdistortioncoststheU.S.economyaround$89billionayearinlostlives.Aone-size-fits-allpatentsystemdoesnotcatertothespecificsofinnovationinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Buttailoringpatentlawmayencouragelobbyingandcorruption.Acarefulreformofthepatentsystemisnecessary:Completeabolitionofpatentswillnotbeenoughtosavecancerpatients’lives.51．BenjaminFranklinismentionedinParagraph1to________.A．illustratehiswiderangeofinventionsB．highlighttheimportanceofpatentsC．describethenoveltyofthenewstoveD．showhisgenerosityafteraninvention正确答案：D解析：文章第一段说明本杰明·富兰克林发明一种新型炉子后拒绝接受专利。他认为自己已经受益于其他人的发明，所以也应该为他人奉献。第二段第一句有mostinventorsarenotasgenerousasthe“NewtonofElectricity”，其中的NewtonofElectricity就是指富兰克林。这就表明他十分慷慨无私。52．Theunderlinedwords“restontheirlaurels”inParagraph2probablymean________.A．feelsatisfiedwithwhattheyhaveachievedB．bemotivatedtocreatemoreinventionsandprofitsC．haveagoodrestafteralongspanofhardworkD．accumulatemuchwealthinashorttime正确答案：A解析：根据该句中前面的文字可以推断restontheirlaurels不是褒义的。对当时专利制度持批评态度的人认为这种体系不利于未来的创作发明，原因是享受专利的人可以如何如何。restonone’slaurels是个成语，意义为besatisfiedwithwhatonehasalreadyachieved(对自己的成就感到满意)，言外之意就是“不思进取，故步自封”。53．Paragraph3ismainlyconcernedwith________.A．theproceduresofapplicationsforadrugpatentB．thereasondrugcompaniesfocusonincurablecancersC．variousprovisionsonclinicaltrialsofnewdrugsD．therelationshipsbetweenR&Danddrugapproval正确答案：B解析：第三段的中心内容是说明为什么制药公司主要关注某些不治之症。文章首先介绍了临床试验与专利权的关系。临床试验的时间越长，享受专利的期限越短。某一类良性肿瘤患者可能生存18年，而新药的专利权只有20年。如果某公司研发的某种新药用于治疗该类型肿瘤，其临床试验需耗时18年，专利权只剩下2年了，那么该公司就觉得吃亏了。因此，制药公司倾向于研发用于治疗无治愈希望疾病的新药。54．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that________.A．thepatentsystemcontributesmuchtotherecoveryofcancerpatientsB．somepatientsofcancerhavenoeasyaccesstoeffectivedrugsC．pharmaceuticalcompaniesinvestmuchmoneyinpreventivedrugsD．localizedcancersaremoredifficulttocurethanrecurrentcancers正确答案：B解析：首先要注意题干中的infer这一词的要求，其含义是tosuggestindirectlythatsth．istrue(意指，暗示)，说明这是一道间接推理题。第四段说明制药公司为了经济效益，重点投资于难以治愈的、复发的恶性肿瘤，而不是能治愈的或可控制的肿瘤。这意味着本来有治愈希望的患者被制药公司遗忘了，因此也难以搞到适合自己的药物。55．Thelastparagraphimpliesthatthecurrentpatentsystem________.A．mustbeabolishedassoonaspossibleB．seemsperfectforpharmaceuticalcompaniesC．hastobeimprovedinaprudentmannerD．leadstocorruptionandcrime正确答案：C解析：最后一段有几个关键词，包括acarefulreform和completeabolition。这些文字说明改革当前的专利制度需谨慎行事，不能操之过急，完全废除也不能挽救患者的生命。56．Apropertitleofthispassagemightbe________.A．HowtoApplyforaDrugPatentB．ImportanceofClinicalTrialsC．PatentSystemintheFutureD．PatentsThatKill正确答案：D解析：文章没有介绍如何申请新药专利，也没有建议如何改革当前的专利制度。文章关注的是当前专利制度引发的问题。新药本该使患者受益，但畸形的新药开发并不考虑多数患者的利益，因此某些新药的专利并没给广大患者带来实实在在的好处，而是间接地影响了患者的寿命。Thenationalreadyhasitssoccermoms,hockeymoms.ButanewbrandofpushyparentissuddenlythetalkofMiddleAmerica:theno-nonsense“TigerMother.”AmyChua,adaughterofChineseimmigrants,coinedthephraseinanewspaperarticleoutliningherextraordinarilyrobustattemptstoraisehigh-achievingkids.Withinhours,shehadbecomeamediasensation.HernewbookBattleHymnoftheTigerMothershottonumbersixintheAmazonsalescharts.Herarticleheadlined“WhyChineseMothersAreSuperior”istheweek’smostreadarticleinTheWallStreetJournal.Ithasgeneratedaquarterofamillion“likes”andsixthousandreadercomments,mostofthemhostile.HerwidepublicityinothermediahassparkedafuriousdebateovertherightsandwrongsofWesternparenting.Chua’sbookoutlinesthehard-linephilosophytowardschildrearing.Itlists“watchingTVplayingcomputergames,playinganyinstrumentotherthanthepianoorviolin,and“gettinganygradelessthananA,”amongthemanythingschildrenshouldneverbeallowedtogetawaywith.Iftheyfailedtocomplete90minutesofmusicpracticeeachnight,Chuawouldsetfiretotheirteddybearsandthreatentodonatetheirdollshousestoacharitystore.Inasocietywhichhasslippedconsistentlydowntheworldrankingsforacademicachievementinrecentdecades,andasparentingstandardshavebecomeevermorepermissive,Chua’sbookhasstruckarawnerve,settingparentsponderinghowtodisciplineachild.Somecallheraborderlinechildabuser;otherssaythather“toughlove”approachgetsresultsandshouldbewidelycopied.PlentyofotherssaythatitadvancesadangerousstereotypewhenAmericaisincreasinglysuspiciousabouttheriseofChina.InvitedontoNBC’sTodayprogramthisweek,shesaidthathermethodsworked:Bothgirlsare“straightAstudents.”Inasmallconcession,shehasallowedthemtolearntennis.HighsuicideratesamongIndianandChineseimmigrantchildrenhavebeenblamedonpressuretosucceed,andtherehasbeendisc