通用学术英语进阶-北京科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

通用学术英语进阶_北京科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年Theword“subjects”inParagraph5means________.

参考答案:

personschosentobestudiedinanexperiment

Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbythehodge-podge(大杂烩)ofenvironmentalclaimsmadebyhouseholdproducts,accordingtoa“greenlabeling”studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.Amongthereport’smoreoutrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe“environmentallyfriendlier”ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(NCC)forlobbygroupConsumerInternational.ItwasfundedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.“Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy,”saidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.The10-countrystudysurveyedproductpackaginginBritain,WesternEurope,ScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaverage.Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproducts,suchasdetergent(洗涤剂)insectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.“Manyproductshadspecially-designedlabelstomakethemseemenvironmentallyfriendly,butinfactmanyofthesesymbolsmeannothing,”saidreportresearcherPhilipPage.“Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaims,whilepaintswerethirdonourlistwith73.Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading.”hesaid.TheISOlabelingstandardsbanvagueormisleadingclaimsonproductpackaging,becausetermssuchas“environmentallyfriendly”and“non-polluting”cannotbeverified.“WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO.”saidPage.31.Accordingtothepassage,theNCCfounditoutrageousthat________.

参考答案:

theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceiving

Asindicatedinthispassage,withsomanygoodclaims,theconsumers________.

参考答案:

stilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment

AstudywascarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCto________.

参考答案:

examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandards

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalIranaroundthecorner,andalmost________withMrsLaurence.

参考答案:

collided

WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?

参考答案:

AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalYourisk_________bankchargesifyouexceedyouroverdraftlimit.

参考答案:

incurring

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeModernmusicisoftenconsidered___________tothatofthepast.

参考答案:

inferior

Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.It’snowa“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.Inmodernmarkets,successoverseasoftenhelpssupportdomesticbusinessefforts.Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing“outofsightandoutofmind.”Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany’splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorswillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedStateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent(普遍的).Thankstoavarietyofrelativelyinexpensivecommunicationsdeviceswithbusinessapplications,evensmallbusinessesintheUnitedStatesareabletogetintointernationalmarkets.Englishisstilltheinternationallanguageofbusiness.Butthereisanever-growingneedforpeoplewhocanspeakanotherlanguage.Asecondlanguageisn’tgenerallyrequiredtogetajobinbusiness,buthavinglanguageskillsgivesacandidatetheedgewhenotherqualificationsappeartobeequal.Theemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry’sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcanhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?

参考答案:

Positive.

Withtheincreaseduseofhigh-techcommunicationsequipment,businesspeople________.

参考答案:

areattachingmoreimportancetotheiroverseasbusiness

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeHehashadnineOscar___________.

参考答案:

nominations

Inthispassage,“outofsightandoutofmind”(Lines2-3,Para.3)probablymeans________.

参考答案:

missingopportunitiesforpromotionwhenabroad

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateLocalpeoplehavemixedfeelingsabouttheplanned___________oftheirtownintoaregionalcapital.

参考答案:

transformation

Accordingtothepassage,whatisanimportantconsiderationofinternationalcorporationsinemployingpeopletoday?

参考答案:

Abilitytospeaktheclient’slanguage.

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeTwofactorieswereclosedinan___________tocutcosts.

参考答案:

attempt

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeWefirstbuildupadetailed___________ofourcustomersandtheirrequirements.

参考答案:

profile

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeTheydidalotto___________efficiency.

参考答案:

maximize

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeParticipantswere___________accordingtoage.

参考答案:

categorized

Theadvantageofemployeeshavingforeignlanguageskillsisthattheycan________.

参考答案:

bettercontrolthewholenegotiationprocess

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalHe’squitehighupinthemanagement________.

参考答案:

hierarchy

AccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflectionof________.

参考答案:

abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld

TheToulminmodelofargumentsconsistsofsixcomponents:claim,ground,warrant,backing,qualifier,andrebuttal.Whichthreecomponentsareprimary?

参考答案:

claim,ground,warrant

Theclassicalmodelofargumentconsistsofsixelements,includingintroduction,background,proposition,proof,__________,conclusion.

参考答案:

refutation

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalThegovernmentisdoingnothingto__________inthecrisis.

参考答案:

intervene

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalChildrenwhodobadlyinschooltestsoften_______themselvestobefailures.

参考答案:

perceive

Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers’drivingaccidentsisthat________.

参考答案:

thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved

Itisalwaysnecessaryfortheauthortodecidewhichstancetotakeinadiscussionessay.

参考答案:

错误

Inthisunit,wehavelearnedtwowaysofpresentinganargument:thebalancedwayandthe_____________.

参考答案:

persuasive

Inacause-effectessay,thebodyparagraphsusuallyelaboratetheseveralreasonswhythethesisistrue.

参考答案:

正确

Whatarethebasiccomponentsofanargument?

参考答案:

Reasons_Evidence_Claim

Whatarethecriteriatoevaluateevidence?

参考答案:

Sufficiency_Credibility_Accuracy_Relevance

Toevaluateistoarriveataconclusionaboutthevalueofsomethingbyconsideringitsstrengthsand___________.

参考答案:

weaknesses

Exemplificationusesspecificandvividexamplestoaddmoreinformationto______________.

参考答案:

explainageneralidea_persuadetheaudience_defineaterm_illustrateageneralidea

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateThe_____________ofacountry,society,ororganizationconsistsofthebasicfacilitiessuchastransport,communications,powersupplies,andbuildings,whichenableittofunction.

参考答案:

infrastructure

Choosetheevaluativewordwhichconveysthepositivemeaning.

参考答案:

opportunity

Thetwomainwaysacauseandeffectessaycanbeorganizedareblockstructureandpoint-by-pointstructure.

参考答案:

错误

Thetwotypesofcausalrelationsareexplicitanddirectcausalrelations.

参考答案:

错误

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.exaggerateinterpretintegralakinprobeallyduplicaterenovatedescendantpermeateNewcopiesoftheformcanbe____________fromamastercopy.

参考答案:

duplicated

Whataretherightkindsofeffectiveevidencetosupportevaluation?

参考答案:

Fieldobservations_Statisticalcalculations_Personalinterviews_Casestudies

Whichpartinthefollowingsentenceisthecause-effectsignalword,“Thetorrentialflooddevastatedmanyvillagesjustinoneday.”?

参考答案:

devastated

Filltheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.renderobscureexcessinitiallyimmunetensiontransmitdigesttransparencysuperiorityAdultsareoften__________toGermanmeasles（风疹）.

参考答案:

immune

ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurVonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—despitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?

参考答案:

Itisakindofbottledwater.

TheSPSEessaydiscussesasituationandaproblemandthenproposesasolutionanda(an)___________ofthesolution.

参考答案:

evaluation

Hedgingistheexpressionoftentativenessandpossibilityinlanguageuse.

参考答案:

正确

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalPeoplewithfairskinwhosunburneasilyarevery______todevelopskincancer.

参考答案:

prone

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.exaggerateinterpretintegralakinprobeallyduplicaterenovatedescendantpermeateThesmellofcooking___________theflat.

参考答案:

permeates

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.coincidenceprofilesubordinateattemptnominationdistinctioncategorizemanipulateinferiormaximizeAsapolitician,heknowshowto___________publicopinion.

参考答案:

manipulate

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalIfpeopleinauthority_______alaworarule,theymakesurethatitisobeyed,usuallybypunishingpeoplewhodonotobeyit.

参考答案:

enforce

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.exaggerateinterpretintegralakinprobeallyduplicaterenovatedescendantpermeateHetendsto_________thedifficulties.

参考答案:

exaggerate

Filltheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.renderobscureexcessinitiallyimmunetensiontransmitdigesttransparencysuperiorityWelaughedandthathelpedeasethe__________.

参考答案:

tension

Filltheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.renderobscureexcessinitiallyimmunetensiontransmitdigesttransparencysuperiorityHumanscannot___________plantssuchasgrass.

参考答案:

digest

Ina/an___________argumentthetruthoftheconclusionnecessarilyfollowsfromthetruthoftheclaim.

参考答案:

deductive

AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

参考答案:

Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers’drivingaccidents.

AccordingtoRobertFoss,thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto________.

参考答案:

theirlackofdrivingexperience

Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest—curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat________.

参考答案:

theyshouldslowdowntheirspeed

WhichofthefollowingisNOTacriterionforidentifyingcauseandeffect?

参考答案:

Relevanceofevents

Filltheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.renderobscureexcessinitiallyimmunetensiontransmitdigesttransparencysuperiorityThedamagewasfarmoreseriousthan__________believed.

参考答案:

initially

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalThechangestothenationalhealthsystemwillbe_______nextyear.

参考答案:

implemented

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateManyexperts________rewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.

参考答案:

advocate

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateThecompanyisreconsideringthewayinwhichit___________itsresources.

参考答案:

deploys

Filltheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.renderobscureexcessinitiallyimmunetensiontransmitdigesttransparencysuperiorityHersenseof__________makesherveryunpopular.

参考答案:

superiority

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateTheItaliangovernmentwaspreparingto___________4,000soldierstosearchtheisland.

参考答案:

dispatch

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.fatalimplementcollideproneinterveneenforceincurhierarchyperceiveconventionalAhospitalspokesmansaidshehadsuffereda_______heartattack.

参考答案:

fatal

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld’stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterparts(相对应的人)inknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson—Marshall’sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“foreign”wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingsasforeign.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof________.

参考答案:

increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations

Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line3Para.2),VonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________.

参考答案:

bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater

The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________.

参考答案:

expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames

Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?

参考答案:

Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.

Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?

参考答案:

Itisconsideredhealthier.

PriscillaOuchida’s“energy-efficient”houseturnedouttobeahorribledream.Whensheandherengineerhusbandmarriedafewyearsago,theybuilta$100,000,three-bedroomhomeinCalifornia.Tightlysealedtopreventairleaks,thehousewasequippedwithsmalldouble-paned(双层玻璃的)windowsandseveralotherenergy-savingfeatures.Problemsbeganassoonasthecouplemovedin,however.Priscilla’seyesburned.Herthroatwasconstantlydry.Shesufferedfromheadachesandcouldhardlysleep.Itwasasthoughshehadsuddenlydevelopedastrangeillness.Expertsfinallytracedthecauseofherillness.Thelevelofformaldehyde(甲醛)gasinherkitchenwastwicethemaximumallowedbyfederalstandardsforchemicalworkers.Thesourceofthegas?Hernewkitchencabinetsandwall-to-wallcarpeting.TheOuchidasarevictimsofindoorairpollution,whichisnotgivensufficientattentionpartlybecauseofthenation’sdrivetosaveenergy.Theproblemitselfisn’tnew.“Theindoorenvironmentwasdirtylongbeforeenergyconservationcamealong,”saysMoschandreas,apollutionscientistatGeometTechnologiesinMaryland.“Energyconservationhastendedtoaccentuatethesituationinsomecases.”Theproblemappearstobemoretroublesomeinnewlyconstructedhomesratherthanoldones.Backinthedayswhenenergywascheap,homebuildersdidn’tworrymuchaboutunsealedcracks.Becauseofsuchleaks,theairinanaveragehomewasreplacedbyfreshoutdoorairaboutonceanhour.Asaresult,thepollutantsgeneratedinmosthouseholdsseldombuilduptodangerouslevels.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheOuchidashouse________.

参考答案:

isalmostfaultlessfromthepointofenergyconservation

WhatmadetheOuchidas’newhouseahorribledream?

参考答案:

Lackoffreshair.

Theword“accentuate”(Line4,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“________”.

参考答案:

worsen

Whywerecracksinoldhousesnotabigconcern?

参考答案:

Becauseenergyusedtobeinexpensive.

Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?

参考答案:

Peoplewhotrytobeashealthyaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateTemperaturescan_____________byasmuchas10degrees.

参考答案:

fluctuate

Fillintheblankwithoneofthewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.marginaldiversifyprojectdispatchtransformationinfrastructureadvocateretrievedeployfluctuateMillionsofyearsago,changesintheEarth'sclimatecausedanimalandplantlifeto__________.

参考答案:

diversify

Arecentstudy,publishedinlastweek’sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver,Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone,Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.Theauthorsalsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight,withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith“reallystupidbehavior”thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience.“Thebasicissue.”hesays,“isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis.”Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使…缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassengerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies.Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers,Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice(新手)driverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?

参考答案:

Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.

Bothinterpretationandinferencerefertoacognitiveprocessthatcomesata__________throu