高考英语阅读推断题

高考英语阅读推断题英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是需要阅读者通过阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。推理判断题属于主观性极强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生需要具备对事物进行归纳分类的能力，在获取信息事实后才能将已知细节加以分析，从而得出合理的判断。培养考生的判断推理能力可以从以下四方面着手：一是对理解词汇和结构本身的意义进行判断推理；二是对文章中的事实、现象进行归纳、推断可能得出的结论；三是通过文章的用词和修辞手段理解作者的立场、观点和写作目的；四是通过对话，推断对话双方的语气和对问题的不同看法。推断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、态度及观点判断题、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。一、细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等.一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。典例：2006年山东卷A篇·····SaundershassincebecometheyoungestpersontoskialonetotheNorthPole。andhe‘sskiedmoreoftheArcticbyhimselfthananyotherBriton．Hisoldplaymateswouldnotbelievethetransformation．60．ItcanbeinferredthatSaunders’journeytotheNorthPole_______．A．wasaccompaniedbyhisoldplaymatesB．setarecordintheNorthPoleexpeditionC．wassupportedbyotherArcticexplorersD．madehimwell-knowninthe1960s[解析]答案是B。本小题是问从文章中推断出Saunder的北极之旅怎么样?根据上面文章所提供的信息：Saunder是到目前为止独自滑雪去北极的人中最年轻的一位，而且Saunder独自滑雪去北冰洋的地方比其他任何一个英国人都要多。由此细节，我们可以推断出Saunder的北极之旅在北极探险中是创造了一个记录。二、因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。典例：2009年四川卷B篇····Althoughoursituationwasverybad，it’sdifficulttofeeltoosorryforyourselfwhenyoulookatwhat’shappeningelsewhere．IwatchedanewsreportaboutfloodsinNorthernIndiaandthought.“Wedidn’thaveastrawhut(茅草房)thatwassweptaway,andourhouseisstillstanding．We’relucky．”47．Whydoestheauthorsaythattheywereluckyinthethirdparagraph?A.Becausehersituationwasnotserious．B．Becausemanyotherpaceswereflooded．C．BecauseshehadbeentoNorthemIndia．D．Becausesomeotherssufferedevenmore．[解析】答案是D。作者提到IwatchedanewsreportaboutfloodsinNorthernIndiaandthought．“Wedidn‘thaveastrawhut(茅草房)thatwassweptaway，andourhouseispeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitieswhichmostpeoplewouldsayasriskyasbungeejumpingincludejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?Somepsychologists（心理学家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival（生存）.

Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.●Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitude（态度）towardsdangeroussports.

A.positive（肯定的）B.negative（否定的）C.neutral（中立的）D.nervous四、预测想象推理题有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。典例：2007年天津卷A篇ThecityofRomehaspassedanewtopreventcrueltytoanimals．Allgoldfishbowlsarenolongerallowedanddogownersmustwalktheirdogs．36．ThenewlawpassedinRomewill______.A．helpimprovefishingenvironmentB．guaranteebetterconditionsforgoldfishC．stoppeoplefromcatchinggoldfishD．discouragekeepinggoldfishathome[解析】答案是B。文章第一段指出罗马通过了一项新的法律，禁止对动物的残忍行为，不允许再用鱼缸饲养金鱼。由此可推断，这项新的法律会确保金鱼有更好的生存条件。Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分钟）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）五、写作意图推测题此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。典例：2011年某省考卷A篇····NowthepleasureoflearningJaneAusten"knewit,keepinginitsstreetsandpublicbuildingsthewell-orderedworldthatshedescribedsowellinhernovels．一AfteryourvisittotheCentre，youcan’’’‘‘‘YouCallalsohavewalkingtooursofJaneAusten’sBath，⋯⋯58．Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto______．A．attractreaderstovisitthecityofBathB．askreaderstobuyAusten’sbooksC．tellreadersaboutJaneAusten’sexperienceD．giveabriefintroductiontotheJaneAustenSociety【解析】答案是A。从这篇义章上面所节选出来的信息，可以推断出TheauthorissuggestingthereadersvisittoBath．判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循，可以在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，把握句、段之间的逻辑关系。然后通过分析、综合、判断等方法进行深层处理，这样就可以做出符合逻辑的推理判断。“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem高考连接-----2010北京卷TheCostofHigherEducationManypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy(经济).Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth,butsodoallthebusinessesthatinvest(投资)andcreatejobs.Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducationbecausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive,youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshouldpaypartofbusinesscosts.Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthegovernmenttoinvest.Therefore,itistheindividual,notthegovernment,whoshouldpayfortheiruniversityeducation.TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto________.A．argueagainstfreeuniversityeducationB．callonthemtofinancestudents’studiesC．encouragegraduatestogointobusinessD．showtheircontributiontohighereducationAyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagr