2023年考研考博考博英语中国矿业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语中国矿业大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Hesaiditwasimportanttoputinthehours,butitwasnotjustthehoursthat（

）.问题1选项A.affectedB.countedC.focusedD.faltered2.单选题Thepatient’sprogresswasencouraging,ashecould（

）getoutofbedwithouthelp.问题1选项A.onlyB.nearlyC.hardlyD.badly3.单选题Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe（

）.问题1选项A.laidasideB.laidupC.laidoutD.laidoff4.单选题Asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,Iwasaskedto（

）theweeklystaffmeeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate5.单选题Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?问题1选项A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemploymentB.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployersD.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped问题2选项A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofserviceB.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkersC.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromotedD.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers问题3选项A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretimeB.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivityC.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkersD.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations问题4选项A.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofautomationB.LaborandtheeffectsofautomationC.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.D.Socialbenefitsofautomation6.单选题Theyusedtoquarrelalot,butnowtheyarecompletely（

）witheachother.问题1选项A.reconciledB.negotiatedC.associatedD.accommodated7.翻译题人和人之间没什么大的差别。任何人都是伟大与渺小、善良与邪恶、高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人个性比较坚毅，或者机会比较好，所以能在某个方而更自由地发挥自己的禀赋，但是人的潜能都是相同的。就拿我来说，我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或更差，但是我知道，假如我记下我生命中每一个举动和每一个掠过脑海的想法的话，世人将会把我视作一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这些怪念头，认识到这一点，人们就更能包容自己、包容他人。认识到这一点，我们就能以同情的态度看待同伴，即便他们是最优秀最值得尊敬的人：认识到这一点，我们也就不会把自己太当一回事了。8.单选题ARepublicanplantocontroltherisingcostofSocialSecuritywouldgreatlyreduceretirementbenefitsformiddle-andupper-incomeAmericans,especiallythosenowyoungerthan25,accordingtoananalysisreleasedWednesdaybytheprogram'schiefactuary（精算师）.Theplan,byRep.PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.Together,thetwoprovisionswouldreduceinitialbenefitsbyaboutaquarterformiddle-incomeAmericanswhoturn65in2050,accordingtotheanalysis.Wealthierretireeswouldseeevendeepercuts,losingaboutathirdofscheduledbenefitsin2050andmorethanhalfofscheduledbenefitsiftheyturn65in2080.Withcongressionalelectionslessthantwoweeksaway,theRyanplanhasbeenafrequenttargetforDemocratsaccusingtheGOPofplottingtogutSocialSecurity.ButthereportbyStephenGoss,chiefactuaryfortheSocialSecurityAdministration,alsoexaminesotherideasforoverhaulingtheprogram,includingseveralunderdiscussionbyadeficit（赤字）-reductioncommissionappointedbyPresidentObama.LeadersinbothpartiessaySocialSecuritymaypresentthebestopportunityforcompromiseonthecommission,whichisduetoissueareportDec.1.Goss'sanalysisshowsthatthoseideasmaynotbemuchmorepleasantthanRyan'splan.Forexample,allowingtheretirementagetocontinuerisingtwomonthsperyearuntilithitsage70wouldcutinitialbenefitsbynearly20percentforanyoneturning65in2050.Meanwhile,thecommissionistalkingaboutcuttingthecost-of-livingincreaseretireesreceiveeachyear,aswellascuttingtheirinitialbenefits."There'sbeenalotofdiscussionabouthoweasyitwouldbetocutSocialSecurityinordertosaveit,'saidRep.EarlPomeroy,DemocratofNorthDakota,whorequestedthereportaschairmanoftheHouseWaysandMeanssubcommitteeonSocialSecurity.‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Moretothepoint,Sweeneysaid,failingtooverhaulSocialSecurity—whichisalreadypayingoutmorethanitcollectsfrompayrolltaxes―willcausemoreimmediateharm."AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAdministration,CongressmanPomeroy'sdo-nothingplanwillimposepainfulacross-the-boardbenefitcutsoncurrentseniorsandthosenearingretirement,"Sweeneysaid."Itisdeeplyirresponsibleforelectedleaderstostandidlewithicyindifferenceasthesocialsafetynetcollapses."1.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheplanbyPaulRyan?2.Whatdoestheword“gut’inthe3rdparagraphmean?3.EarlPomeroyholdstheideathat（

）.4.Astothelow-incomeretirees,（

）.问题1选项A.Itencouragespeopletoretireasearlyaspossible.B.Ithaslittleinfluenceontheupper-incomeretirees.C.ItwasmadetocontrolthecostofSocialSecurity.D.Itwillincreasethelower-incomeAmericana’sbenefits.问题2选项A.Cut.B.Spoil.C.Misuse.D.Abolish.问题3选项A.retiringat70willleadtonoinitialbenefitscutsB.Ryan’splanisthebestwaytosaveSocialSecurityC.initialbenefitscutsshouldbelimitedunder20%D.initialbenefitscutsishelplessforSocialSecurity问题4选项A.theywereignoredbyGossinhisanalysisB.RyanpaidnoattentiontothemintheplanC.SweeneyproposedahigherminimumbenefitD.theyaffordmorepayrolltaxesthantheothers9.翻译题Environmentalismis,inthesocialsciences,anytheorythatconcernstheimportanceofenvironmentalfactorsinthedevelopmentofcultureandsociety.Thetheoryofenvironmentaldeterminismstatesthatthephysicalmilieuofapeople,includingnaturalresources,climate,andgeography,isthemajordeterminingfactorintheformationoftheirculture.Determinismtherebyrejectshistoryandtradition,socialandeconomicfactors,andotheraspectsofcultureasexplanationsofsocialdevelopment.Contemporaryenvironmentalistsrecognizethatphysicalsurroundingsareonlypartofatotalenvironmentthatincludessocialandeconomicfactorsculturaltradition,andreciprocalinfluencesbetweensocietiesandtheirenvironment.10.单选题Hebasedhisconclusiononwhathe（

）fromtheevidence,notonwhatheactuallyobserved.问题1选项A.intuitedB.imaginedC.inferredD.implied11.单选题Hesaidtherewasagreatgapbetweentheviewsexpressedinthemediaandwhat（

）peoplewerethinking问题1选项A.usualB.generalC.normalD.ordinary12.单选题Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto（

）enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.问题1选项A.evacuateB.withdrawC.impartD.elicit13.单选题Thetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual（1）,andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.（2）this,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtowork（3）hisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers

（4）hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,heshouldhavemorethananodding（5）withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto（6）

rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanotheraswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequently（7）ofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator'swork,i.e.theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,（8）thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage（9）ahindrance,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecan（10）with.Itis,（11）

,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedto（12）

howpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.Thesame（13）toanabilitytowritehissourcelanguages.Ifhecan,wellandgood;ifhecannot,not（14）.Therearemanyotherskillsand（15）

thataredesirableinatranslator.问题1选项A.applicationB.useC.utilityD.usage问题2选项A.MorethanB.ExceptforC.BecauseofD.Inadditionto问题3选项A.ofB.byC.forD.on问题4选项A.shouldB.whenC.becauseD.if问题5选项A.familiarityB.acquaintanceC.knowledgeD.skill问题6选项A.changeB.transformC.turnD.switch问题7选项A.lackedB.requiredC.facedD.confronted问题8选项A.essentialB.unnecessaryC.advantageousD.useless问题9选项A.overB.despiteC.ratherthanD.instead问题10选项A.dealB.concernC.workD.doaway问题11选项A.howeverB.accordinglyC.consequentlyD.thus问题12选项A.knowingB.havingknownC.knowD.haveknown问题13选项A.refersB.comesC.appliesD.amounts问题14选项A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work问题15选项A.characteristicsB.qualitiesC.distinctionsD.features14.单选题Inspiteofthe（

）economicforecast,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.问题1选项A.faintB.dizzyC.gloomyD.opaque15.单选题Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungarenotwhattheywere.Thesamecommentismadefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue.Ithasneverbeentruerthanitistoday.Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents.Theythinkmoreforthemselvesanddonotblindlyaccepttheidealsoftheirelders.Eventswhichtheoldergenerationremembersvividlyarenothingmorethanpasthistory.Thisisasitshouldbe.Everynewgenerationisdifferentfromtheonethatprecededit.Todaythedifferenceisverymarkedindeed.Theoldalwaysassumethattheyknowbestforthesimplereasonthattheyhavebeenaroundabitlonger.Theydon’tliketofeelthattheirvaluesarebeingquestionedorthreatened.Andthisispreciselywhattheyoungaredoing.Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency.Officehours,forinstance,arenothingmorethanenforcedslavery.Wouldn’tpeopleworkbestiftheyweregivencompletefreedomandresponsibility?Andwhataboutclothing?Whosaidthatallthemenintheworldshouldweardrabgreysuitsandconvicthaircuts?Ifweruinourmindstomoreseriousmatters,whosaidthathumandifferencescanbestbesolvedthroughconventionalpoliticsorbyviolentmeans?Whyhavetheoldergenerationsooftenusedviolencetosolvetheirproblems?Whyaretheysounhappyandguilt-riddenintheirpersonallives,soobsessedwithmeanambitionsandthedesiretoamassmoreandmorematerialpossessions?Cananythingberightwiththerat-race?Haven’ttheoldlosttouchwithailthatisimportantinlife?Thesearenotquestionstheoldergenerationcanshrugofflightly.Theirrecordoverthepastfortyyearsorsohasn’tbeenexactlyspotless.Traditionally,theyounghaveturnedtotheireldersforguidance.Today,thesituationmightbereversed.Theold——iftheyarepreparedtoadmitit----couldlearnathingortwofromtheirchildren.Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”.Enjoymentisaprincipleonecouldapplytoallaspectsoflife.Itissurelynotwrongtoenjoyyourworkandenjoyyourleisure;toshedrestrictinginhibitions.Itissurelynotwrongtoliveinthepresentratherthaninthepastorfuture.Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb;theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation.Thisistheirgloriousheritage.Canwebesurprisedthattheyshouldsooftenquestionthesanityofthegenerationthatbequeathedit?1.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesintheyoungisNOTmentioned?2.Whatdotheyoungrejectmost?3.Whydotheyoungstressonthepresent?4.Whatcantheoldlearnfromtheyounggeneration?问题1选项A.Bettereducated.B.Moremoneyandfreedom.C.Independence.D.Hardwork.问题2选项A.ValuesB.Theassumptionoftheciders.C.ConformityD.Conventionalideas.问题3选项A.Theyhavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb.B.Theydislikethepast.C.Theythinkthepresentworldisthebest.D.Theyareafraidofdestruction.问题4选项A.Enjoymentisnotsinful.B.Peopleshouldhavemoreleisuretime.C.Menmightenjoylife.D.Oneshouldenjoyone’swork16.单选题The（

）theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.问题1选项A.affectionB.adherenceC.sensibilityD.sensitivity17.单选题Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.问题1选项A.intonedB.expandedC.tailoredD.shortened18.翻译题由于对急剧上涨的油价和气候变化的日益担心，生物燃料变成了绿色技术革命的先锋，除了作为替代能源外，还希望它在此过程中减缓全球变暖趋势。但是，近期的几项研究表明，生物燃料不但没有实现其提倡者的良好愿望，相反却加剧了全球变暖，并还以拯救地球的名义危害着地球。的确，生物燃料在某种程度上减轻了人们对进口石油的依赖，使某些农民综合企业致富的同时，也给农民创造了就业机会。但是大多数生物燃料遇到的一个基本问题实际上很简单：将土地用于生产生物燃料所需的作物，导致储存了大量碳的森林、湿地和草地被毁，这是研究人员一直没注意到的问题.

19.单选题Tomwastotally（

）whenhereceivedaContheexaminhistory,forhewaspositivethathecouldhavegotanA.问题1选项A.elatedB.frustratedC.incitedD.contented20.单选题'Whyarehumanssosmart?”isaquestionthatfascinatesscientists.TadeuszKawecki,aBiologistattheUniversityofFribourg,likestoturnaroundthequestion.“It’ssopicattobesmart.”Dr.Kaweckiasks"Whyhavemostanimalsremaineddumb?”Drkaweckiandlike-mindedscientistsaretryingtofigureoutwhyanimalslearnandwhysomehaveevolvedtobebetteratlearningthanothers.Onereasonforthedifference,theirresearchfinds,isthatbeingsmartcanbebadforananimal’shealth.Learningisremarkablywidespreadintheanimalkingdom.Thewormsarenotbornwithaninnateaversiontothedangerousbacteria.Theyneedtimetolearntotellthedifferenceandavoidbecomingsick.Dr.Dukashypothesizesthatanyanimalwithanervoussystemcanlearn,evenincaseswherescientistshavefailedtodocumentlearninginaspecies,hethinkstheyshouldnotbetooquicktoruleitout.”IsitbecausePmnotagoodteacherorbecausetheanimaldoesn’tlearn?”Dr.Dukasasked.Althoughlearningmaybewidespreadamonganimals,Dr.Dukaswonderswhytheybotheredtoevolveitinthefirstplace.“Youcannotjustsaythatlearningisanadaptationtoachangingenvironment，’’hesaid.Itispossibletoadapttoachangingenvironmentwithoutusinganervoussystemtolearn.Bacteriacanalterbehaviortohelptheirsurvival.Ifamicrobesensesatoxin,itcanswimaway.Ifitsensesanewfood,itcanswitchgenesonandofftoalteritsmetabolism.Learningalsoturnsouttohavedangeroussideeffectsthatmakeitsevolutionevenmorepuzzling.Dr.Kaweckiandhiscolleagueshaveproducedstrikingevidenceforthesesideeffectsbystudyingfliesastheyevolveintobetterlearnersinthelab.Dr.Kaweoklsuspectsthateachspeciesevolvesuntilitreachesanequilibriumbetweenthecostsandbenefitsoflearning.Hisexperimentsdemonstratethatflieshavethegeneticpotentialtobecomesignificantlysmarterinthewild.Butonlyunderhislabconditionsdoesevolutionactuallymoveinthatdirection.Innature,anyimprovementinlearningwouldcosttoomuch.Dr.Kaweckialsosaysitisworthinvestigatingwhetherhumansalsopayhiddencostsforextremelearning.“Wecouldspeculatethatsomediseasesareabyproductofintelligence.”hesaid.Thebenefitsoflearningmusthavebeenenormousforevolutiontohaveovercomethosecosts,Dr.Kaweckiargues.1.Accordingtothetext,beingsmartcanbebadforanimal’shealthbecause（

）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothetext?3.BacteriaandmicrobeareusedinParagraph2asexamplestoshow（

）.

4.Thesentence'Wecouldspeculatethatsomediseasesareabyproductofintelligence’Dr.Kaweckiarguesinthelastparagraphimpliesthat（

）.问题1选项A.learningneedstimeB.learningisatthecostofitsevolutionC.leaningishardD.noneoftheabove问题2选项A.Onlyhumanshavetheabilitytolearn.B.Allanimalscanlearn.C.Evolutionisthebalancebetweencostandbenefitoflearning.D.Evolutionistheresultofadaptingtoenvironment.问题3选项A.theirbornabilitytosurviveB.thatitispossibleadapttoenvironmentwithoutusinganervoussystemC.thatitisunnecessarytobotherthemselvestoevolveD.alloftheabove问题4选项A.illnessisresultedfromhumans’notlearningB.illnessisresultedfromhumans’strongabilitytolearnC.illnessisthecosthumanspayfortheirevolutionD.BothBandC第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。affect“影响，感染，感动”；count“计算，认为，起作用，值得考虑”；focus“使集中，使聚焦”；falter“支吾地说，畏缩，蹒跚”。根据句意‘他说，投入时间是重要的，但是（

）不只是时间。’确定B选项count“起作用”正确。2.【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。空格后是动词，因此空格处填入副词修饰。A选项only“只，仅仅”；B选项nearly“差不多；密切地”；C选项hardly“几乎不；刚刚”；D选项badly“非常；严重地”。句意：病人的进步是令人鼓舞的，因为他……不需要帮助就能下床。由句中“encouraging”可知，此处表示病人“几乎不需要帮助就可下床”，因此B选项正确。3.【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。layaside“放弃（某种习惯），积蓄（金钱），把…放在一边”；layup“放置不用，贮存，储蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室内”；layout“设计;展示，安排”；layoff“暂时解雇，裁员，停止工作”；根据句意‘随着失业率不断上升，45-55岁的女性工人通常最先被（

）。’确定D选项正确。4.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“管理；主持（常与over搭配）”；B选项introduce“介绍；引进；提出”；C选项chair“担任主席；主持；使……入座”；D选项dominate“控制；支配；占优势”。句意：由于经理出差去了，我被邀请……每周员工会议。此处应表示“主持会议”，A选项preside应与over搭配才表示“主持”，只有C选项符合题意。5.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目提问‘尽管工人们担心自动化的影响，但他们从不怀疑……？’根据第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.劳工基本上的观点是抵抗技术变革是徒然的”确定D选项“自动化是一种不能被阻止的趋势”正确。2.推理判断题。题目提问‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根据第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一种方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生产力的基础上增加工资。”确定B选项“工人应该共享生产增加和成本降低的福利”正确。3.细节事实题。题目提问‘为了获得自动化的全部好处，劳动力将主要依靠……？’根据最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，劳动力有可能主要依靠减少工作时间来充分分享自动化的成果。”确定A选项“更短的工作时间和更多的休闲吋间”正确。4.主旨大意题。全文主要是讲“自动化的发展对劳工在工作与就业等方而带来的影响”，所以B选项“劳工与自动化的影响”正确。文章并没有对自动化的劣势展开讨论，所以A选项“自动化的优势与劣势”错误，C选项“失业福利计划和自动化”和D选项“自动化的社会效益”只是文中提及的一部分内容，排除。6.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项reconcile“使一致；使和解；调停”；B选项negotiate“谈判；转让；越过”；C选项associate“联系；使关联”；D选项accommodate“使适应；容纳；调节”。句意：他们以前常常吵架，但现在完全……了。由usedto“以前常常”可知现在与过去完全不一样，以前常“quarrel”，则现在应该是reconciledwith“和好了”，A选项正确的。7.【答案】Thereislittledifferencebetweenpeople.Everymanisahotchpotchofgreatnessandlittleness,ofvirtueandvice,ofnobilityandbaseness.Somepeoplehavemorestrengthofcharacter,orbetteropportunities,sotheycanusetheirgiftsmorefreelyinonedirectionoranother,butpeople’spotentialisthesame.Formypart,Idon’tthinkI’mbetterorworsethanmostpeople,butIknowifIwritedowneveryactioninmylifeandeverythoughtthatcrossesmymind,otherpeoplewillregardmeasanevilmonster.Everyonehasthesewhims,andbyrecognizingthatpeoplearemoretolerantofthemselvesandothers.Byrecognizingthis,wecanviewourfellowmenwithcompassion,eveniftheyarethebestandmostrespectable.Byrecognizingthis,wedon’ttakeourselvestooseriously.8.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句‘PaulRyan,RepublicanofWisconsin,wouldreducebenefitsbygraduallyraisingtheretirementageandgraduallycuttingbenefitsforthetop70percentofearners.威斯康星州共和党人保罗瑞安(PaulRyan)将通过逐步提高退休年龄和逐步削减收入最高的70%人群的福利来减少福利。’确定A选项‘它鼓励人们尽早退休’,B选项‘它对高收入的退休人员几乎没有影响’,D选项‘它将增加低收入美国人的福利’错误，C选项‘这是为了控制社会保障的成本’符合题意。2.文章第三段划线单词所在句子句意‘瑞安计划一直是民主党人指责共和党阴谋削弱社会保障的一个常见目标。’所以gut意思是‘削减’，A选项符合题意。.3根据文章倒数第二段‘‘Thenewanalysisrevealsthattheseproposalsresultinbenefitscutsrangingfrom10percenttoashighas50percent.…That'snotwhatI’dall'saving'SocialSecurity.’新的分析显示，这些提议导致的福利削减幅度从10%到50%不等。这并不是我所希望的拯救社会保障体系的方法。’可知D选项‘最初的福利削减对社会保障来说是无能为力的’正确。4.根据最后一段第一句话‘RyanspokesmanConorSweeneysaidGossdidnotanalyzethefulleffectofRyan'splantobalancethefederalbudgetandignoredRyan'sproposaltoguaranteeahigherminimumbenefittolow-incomeretirees.Ryan发言人ConorSweeney称，Goss并未全面分析Ryan平衡联邦预算计划的效果，且忽略了Ryan为低收入退休人员提供更高最低福利的提议。’可知A选项‘他们在Goss的分析中被忽略了’正确。9.【答案】在社会科学中，环境保护论是指任何有关环境因素在文化和社会发展中的重要性的理论。环境决定论认为，人类的自然环境，包括自然资源、气候和地理，是其文化形成的主要决定因素。因此环境决定论拒绝将历史和传统、社会和经济因素以及文化的其他方面作为社会发展的解释。当代环境学家认识到，自然环境只是包括社会和经济因素、文化传统以及社会与其环境之间相互影响在内的整个环境的一部分。10.【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。intuit“由直觉知道”；imagine“设想，猜想”；infer“推断，猜想”；imply“暗指，暗含”；根据句意‘他的结论是基于自己对证据（

）结果，而不是基于自己实际观察到的。’确定C选项正确。11.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说媒体表达出来的观点与普通大众所想之间存在巨大的差距。usual“普通的”;general“一般的”；normal“正常的；正规的”；ordinary“普通的，平凡的”。ordinarypeople“普通人，一般人”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。12.【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项evacuate“疏散；撤退；排泄”；B选项withdraw“撤退；收回；撤销；取钱”；C选项impart“给予；传授；告知”；D选项elicit“抽出；引起；诱出”。句意：通过耐心的询问，律师设法从证人那里……足够的信息。“信息”是证人给出的，律师只有努力去“获取”，综合选项可知D选项正确。13.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D第11题:A第12题:A第13题:C第14题:A第15题:B【解析】（1）名词辨析。application“应用，指将理论或什么用到一个特殊的情况下”；use“使用，指为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物”；utility“实用，特指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用”；usage“使用，侧重为很多人公认采纳的惯例、习俗”。此处指为了达到沟通目的的语言的使用，固定搭配beofuse，B选项正确。（2）逻辑关系。由空格后面列举的“aninquiringmind,wideinterests”与空格前列举的译者需具备的东西知道这里应该是说“除了这个外，还应该具备什么”，D选项inadditionto“除…之外（包括除去的内容）”正确。morethan“多于，超出，比……多”；exceptfor“除了……以外（不包括除去的内容）”；becauseof“因为，由于”，均不符合题意，排除。（3）固定搭配。onone’sown“依靠某人自己的力量去做某事”，D选项正确。（4）语法---倒装句。由空格后否定句“hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand”中没有助动词（如do等）可推测这里是用if引导的条件句采用虚拟结构shoulddo，但是这里采用了倒装结构，把should提前，并且省略了if，A选项正确。（5）固定搭配。familiaritywith“熟悉，精通”；acquaintancewith“了解：知道”；knowledge“（与of连用）知识；学问”；skill“（与of连用）技能；技术”。由空格前的morethan“多于；超出”确定句意是‘他应该能够快速而准确地打字，如果他主要为出版物工作，他应该对印刷技术和校对不只是了解。’，所以B选项正确。（6）固定搭配。change“改变;交换”；transform“转化，改变”；turn“转变，转弯”；switch“转换”。switchfrom…to…将…….转换成……，由常识“翻译指将一种语言转换为另外一种语言”，D项正确。（7）固定搭配。requiresth.ofsb.“要求某人某事”，文中用的是被动语态，sthberequiredofsb.B选项正确。（8）形容词辨析。essential“基本的，必要的”；unnecessary“不必要的，多余的，无用的”；advantageous“有利的；有益的”；useless“无用的；无效的”。由空格前的theprocessingofthewrittenword“书面文字的处理”与空格后tospeakthelanguages“去讲这些语言”的对应关系确定句意应是‘考虑到译者的工作性质，即对书面文字的处理，严格地说，他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。’所以选项B“不必要”正确。（9）逻辑关系。根据上一句句意‘考虑到译者的工作性质，即对书面文字的处理，严格地说，他没有必要会说他所处理的语言。’可知这里是肯定advantage“优势”而否定hindrance“障碍”；所以空格处需要填写一个肯定前面内容而否定后面内容的连词，C选项ratherthan“而不是”正确。（10）固定短语。dealwith“处理，涉及”；concernwith“使关心，关于”；workwith“与……共事，对……有效”；doawaywith“废除，去掉”。由关键信息but“但是”表转折关系以及单词aluxary确定这里句意是“译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能”，由此知D项正确。（11）逻辑关系。however“然而，但是”；accordingly“因此，于是，相应地”;consequently“因此，结果，所以”；thus“因此，从而，这样，如此”。由空格后关键信息“shouldhaveanapproximateidea”及evenif“即使”知这里句意是‘然而，他应该对他的源语言的发音有一个大致的概念，即使这是……’，应该填一个表示“然而或但是”转折意义的词，故A项正确。（12）固定搭配。berestrictedtodoingsth.“限制做某事”，排除C和D选项，这里表示一般时态，A项正确。（13）固定搭配。referto“参考，涉及”；cometo“想起，共计”；applyto“适用于，应用于”；amountto“相当于，总计为”。由空格前的thesame“同样的（道理）”、空格后的anabilitytowritehissourcelanguages“:写他的源语言的能力”跟前面的thepronunciationofhissourcelanguages“读他的源语言的能力”的对比关系知这里指“同样的（道理）也适用于……”，所以C选项正确。（14）固定搭配。空格处句意为“如果他能，那很好；如果译者不具有书写源语言的能力，这也没关系”。Itdoesnotmatter“没关系，不要紧”，A选项正确。（15）名词辨析。characteristic“特征，特性，特点”；quality“质量，品质，素质”；distinction“区别，差别”；feature“特色，特征，容貌”。由关键信息and“和，并且”表示并列关系知空格处填写的词应该与名词skill“技能”同类；再由文章第二句中的hisprofessionalequipment“他的专业素养”的对应关系知这里指“其它技能与素质”，B选项正确。14.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项faint“模糊的；头晕的；虚弱的”；B选项dizzy“眩晕的；昏乱的；心不在焉的”；C选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的”；D选项opaque“不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的”。句意：尽管有……经济预测，但制造业产出略有上升。既然句中有转折关系，说明前半部分的经济预测是负面的，四个选项中只有C选项符合语境，表示“令人沮丧的经济预测”。15.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项不是文章提到的关于年轻人的特征”。文章第一段提到“年轻人受了良好的教育。他们花钱享受自由。他们很快成长并且不依赖父母。”（Theyoungarebettereducated.Theyhavealotmoremoneytospendandenjoymorefreedom.Theygrowupmorequicklyandarenotsodependentontheirparents），由此可以得知只有选项D“努力工作”没有提及到，符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“年轻人最反感的是什么”。文章第二段提到“他们怀疑上一代人的设想，并且打破了他们的满足状态”（Theyarequestioningtheassumptionsoftheireldersanddisturbingtheircomplacency），第二段后面的那几个问句都体现出了年轻一代不再固守成规，不愿意像上一代人一样，选项C“一致性”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么年轻人强调现在”。文章最后一段提到“对现在的重视是意料之中的，因为年轻人是在炸弹的阴影下长大，且经受着被彻底毁灭的威胁”（Thisemphasisonthepresentisonlytobeexpectedbecausetheyounghavegrownupundertheshadowofthebomb;theconstantthreatofcompleteannihilation），选项A符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“老一辈能从年轻一辈那里学到什么”。文章最后一段提到如果老一辈愿意学习年轻一辈的话，最重要的一课便是享受并不是罪过（Oneofthebiggestlessonstheycouldlearnisthatenjoymentisnot“sinful”），选项A符合题意。16.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项affection“喜爱；感情；感染；影响”；B选项adherence“坚持；依附；忠诚”；C选项sensibility“敏感性；识别力；感觉”；D选项sensitivity“敏感；敏感性；过敏”。句意：每一个看到他们的人都知道他们对彼此的……。综合句意和选项可知，此处能让人看出来的是对彼