湖南省邵阳市新邵县高一下学期期末考试英语试题2

2023年上期高一期末质量检测英语试题卷考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分注意事项：1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，图答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.HowmanystudentsarethereintheWestemCultureclasstoday?A.92.B.18.C.74.2.Whosecarwasstolen?A.Karen’s.B.Theman’s.C.Thewoman’s.3.Whereisthewomannow?A.InOxford.B.InHarvard.C.InCambridge.4.Howdoesthewomanthinkofherlifenow?A.Wonderful.B.Verycommon.C.Alittlebad.5.Whydomostofpeopleraisepetsaccordingtotheman?A.Tofindcomfort.B.Tokilltime.C.Formeat.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。6.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Buyabirthdaygiftforherson.B.Buyapetforherhusband.C.GotoDavid’sbirthdayparty.7.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Davidlikeskeepingcats.B.Daviddoesn’tlikeanimals.C.Davidlikeskeepingapet.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。8.WhatdopeopledoonTree-PlantingDay?A.Manymanypeoplewillgotoplanttrees.B.Peoplecutdownmanybigtrees.C.Peoplemakemoney.9.Whatdoesthewomanwanthersontoknowmostofall?A.Tree-PlantingDayisimportant.B.Cuttingdowntreesisnecessary.C.Treesareveryimportant.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。10.Whatisthewomandoingwhenthemantalkstoher?A.Listeningtomusic.B.Watchingafilm.C.Writingaletter.11.HowlongwillthewomanstayinJapan?A.Ayear.B.Amonth.C.Twoyears.12.WhatwillthewomandobeforesheleavesforJapan?A.ShewillreadmoreJapanesenovels.B.Shewillattendalanguageclass.C.Shewillapplyforanewprogram.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。13.WhenwillthemangobacktoLondon?A.Nextmonth.B.Tomorrow.C.Inthreedays.14.HowlonghasthemanbeeninJapan?A.Fortwomonths.B.Forninemonths.C.Fortwoyears.15.Whatwillthemanmissthemost?A.Thedrinks.B.Thefood.C.Thenightlife.16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?AThemanisexcitedtogohome.B.Themandoesn’tlikedancing.C.ThedrinksinJapanarecheaperthanthoseinLondon.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。17.WhichmonthisFranco’ssummerholidayeveryyear?A.EverySeptember.B.EveryAugust.C.EveryJuly.18.HowdidFrancogotoJapan?A.Byair.B.Byboat.C.Bytrain.19.WhatdidFrancoseewhenhearrivedinTokyo?A.Aposter.B.Aletter.C.Afriend.20.WhatdidFrancodointheearthquakearea?A.Hetraveledinthecountryside.B.Hehelpedtheinjuredpeople.C.Hetalkedtothepeoplethere.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATakealookinsideahighschoolclassroom.Youwillmostlikelyfindateacheratthefrontoftheclassandstudentssittingattheirdesks.Yet,lookcloser,andyoumightnoticeafamiliarscene:manyofthesestudentsarenotpayingattention.Instead,theyaredozingoff(打盹)orevencompletelyasleep.Today,mostofhighschoolstudentsarenotgettingenoughsleep.Thislack(缺乏)ofsleepisaseriousproblem,especiallyasstudentsaredoingmorethaneverwiththeirtime.Theycometoschoolearly,spendhourslisteningtoteachersandtakingtests,andcomehometobefacedwithevenmorehomework.Mostkidsneedatleastninehoursofsleeppernightinordertofunctionproperly.Yettheperiodofthisninehoursshiftsasachildgetsolder.Afterpuberty(青春期),thebody’sinternalclockchangessothatitisdifficultforteenstofallasleepbefore11p.m.Soevenifastudentfallsasleepateleven,theywouldneedtosleepuntilatleast8a.m.togetafullnight’ssleep.Consideringthetimeatwhichmosthighschoolsinthiscountrybegin,thoseninehoursareclearlybeingshortened.Fewhighschoolsstartafter8a.m.However,thereareschoolsthathavepaidattentiontothisresearchanddelayed(延迟)thestartoftheirschoolday.Inschoolswherethestarttimeisafter8:30inthemorning,theteachersbelievethattherehasbeenarealchangeintheirstudents.Theynotethatthestudentsmissclassless,paymoreattentioninclass,performbetterinclass,andreportlowerlevelsofdepression(沮丧).Theresearchersofthesestudiessaythattheresultsarequiteimportantandthatmoreschoolsshouldconsiderdelayingtheirstarttimeoftheirschoolday.1.Whatismainlydiscussedinthesecondparagraph?A.Whyhighschoolstudentsfeelsleepyintheclassroom.B.Whyhighschoolstudentsshouldgetmoresleep.C.Howtolightenhighschoolstudents’homeworkload.D.Thelifeofhighschoolstudentsatpresent.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifts”inParagraph3probablymean?A.arrives B.changes C.reduces D.increases3.Howdotheteachersfeelabouttheresultsfromdelayingtheirschoolday?A.Disappointed. B.Puzzled. C.Surprised. D.Satisfied.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了现今高中生课业负担重，家庭作业多，导致学生睡眠不足而课上犯困、精力不集中的现象，因此学校应该减少课业，推迟上课时间，让学生能有足够的睡眠。【1题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Today,mostofhighschoolstudentsarenotgettingenoughsleep.Thislack(缺乏)ofsleepisaseriousproblem,especiallyasstudentsaredoingmorethaneverwiththeirtime.Theycometoschoolearly,spendhourslisteningtoteachersandtakingtests,andcomehometobefacedwithevenmorehomework.(今天，大多数高中生睡眠不足。睡眠不足是一个严重的问题，尤其是学生们比以往任何时候都要花更多的时间。他们早早来到学校，花几个小时听老师讲课，参加考试，回到家面对更多的家庭作业。)”可知，第二段主要讨论的是学生课堂上犯困的原因。故选A。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词前句“Mostkidsneedatleastninehoursofsleeppernightinordertofunctionproperly.(大多数孩子每晚至少需要9个小时的睡眠才能正常运作。)”可知，大多数孩子每晚至少需要九个小时的睡眠。本句用Yet转折一下，故画线词所在句的意思与前文相反，同时根据后文“Afterpuberty(青春期),thebody’sinternalclockchangessothatitisdifficultforteenstofallasleepbefore11p.m.(进入青春期后，身体内部的生物钟会发生变化，因此青少年很难在晚上11点之前入睡。)”可知，进入青春期后孩子们9小时的睡眠时间发生了改变。故画线词意为“变化”。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theynotethatthestudentsmissclassless,paymoreattentioninclass,performbetterinclass,andreportlowerlevelsofdepression(沮丧).(他们注意到，学生们缺课的次数减少了，在课堂上更加集中注意力，在课堂上表现得更好，而且报告的抑郁程度也更低。)”可知，老师们注意到推迟上课后学生们旷课少，上课更专心，在课堂上表现得更好，抑郁程度更低。故可以推断出老师对这个结果是满意的。故选D。BHowdoesyourfamilycelebrateMother’sDay?Doyougiveherflowersormakeheracard?Theoriginalmother’sdayswereobservedratherdifferently.JuliaWardHowewasthefirstpersontoproposethattheUnitedStatesobserveanationalmother’sday.ShejoinedtheU.S.SanitaryCommissionduringtheAmericanCivilWar.FollowingthewarHowebecameasupporterforpeace.In1872,HoweorganizedMother’sPeaceDaytoimproveworkingconditionsinminesandprovidebettereducationforpoorchildren.ButMothers’PeaceDayneverbecameanationalholiday.Mother’sDayowesitsorigintotheeffortsofAnnaJarvis,adaughterwhowantedtohonorhermother,Ann.In1858,AnnbeganatraditionofMothers’WorkDaysinTaylorCounty,theruralcommunitywhereinfectionanddiseasewerecommon.Annbeggeddoctorstoteachherandherneighborshowtoimprovethefamilyhealth.OnMothers’WorkDays,theyhelpedandtaughtothermothers.Annonceconcluded:“Ihopethatsomeone,sometime,willfoundamemorialmother’sday.”WhenAnndiedonMay9,1905,Annadeterminedtofulfillhermother’swish.AnnawrotehundredsofletterstopoliticiansandspokeoftentopromotetheestablishmentofMother’sDay.OnMay10,1908,AnnaaddressedalargeMother’sDaycelebration.Sheurgedchildrentoshowloveandthanksfortheirmothers“bywords,gifts,actsofaffection...”Theideaofadayhonoringmothersspreadquicklythroughoutthecountryandbecameofficialin1914,whenPresidentWoodrowWilsonsignedaresolutionestablishingthesecondSundayinMayasMother’sDay.WhilefewtodaythinkofMother’sDayasadaytodocharityworkinthecommunity,youcanstillfollowAnnatocelebrateit.4.Whyweretheoriginalmother’sdaysobserved?A.Tosatisfymothers’wishes. B.Toassistthepeopleinneed.C.Tourgechildrentolovetheirmothers. D.Tosavethewoundedsoldiersinthewar.5.WhatcanweknowaboutthefirstofficialMother’sDay?A.ItwasfoundedbyJuliaWardHowe.B.ItwascelebratedinmemoryofAnna’mother.C.Anna’sspeechcontributedtoitsestablishment.D.Anna’seffortsreceivednoresponsefromthepublic.6.InwhichwaydoestheauthoradviseustocelebrateMother’sDay?A.Bygivingcelebrationspeeches. B.Byreflectingonitsoriginalintention.C.Bydoinggooddeedsinthecommunity. D.Byshowingloveandgratitudetomothers.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMothersofMother’sDay B.TheBestGiftforMother’sDayC.TheTraditionsofMother’sDay D.TheCelebrationofMother’sDay【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些对母亲节的成立所做出贡献的人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段“In1872,HoweorganizedMother’sPeaceDaytoimproveworkingconditionsinminesandprovidebettereducationforpoorchildren.（1872年，Howe组织了母亲和平日，以改善矿山的工作条件，并为贫困儿童提供更好的教育。）”可知，最初的母亲节是为了帮助有需要的人。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“OnMay10,1908,AnnaaddressedalargeMother’sDaycelebration.Sheurgedchildrentoshowloveandthanksfortheirmothers'bywords,gifts,actsofaffection...'（1908年5月10日，安娜在一个大型的母亲节庆祝活动上发表讲话。她敦促孩子们“用言语、礼物、亲情的行为”来表达对母亲的爱和感谢）”以及倒数第二段“Theideaofadayhonoringmothersspreadquicklythroughoutthecountryandbecameofficialin1914,whenPresidentWoodrowWilsonsignedaresolutionestablishingthesecondSundayinMayasMother’sDay.（纪念母亲节的想法很快在全国传播开来，并于1914年正式生效，当时伍德罗·威尔逊总统签署了一项决议，将5月的第二个星期日定为母亲节。）”可知，安娜的演讲促成了它的成立。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“WhilefewtodaythinkofMother’sDayasadaytodocharityworkinthecommunity,youcanstillfollowAnnatocelebrateit.（虽然今天很少有人认为母亲节是一个在社区做慈善工作的日子，但你仍然可以跟随安娜来庆祝它。）”以及倒数第三段“OnMay10,1908,AnnaaddressedalargeMother’sDaycelebration.Sheurgedchildrentoshowloveandthanksfortheirmothers'bywords,gifts,actsofaffection...'（1908年5月10日，安娜在一个大型的母亲节庆祝活动上发表讲话。她敦促孩子们“用言语、礼物、亲情的行为”来表达对母亲的爱和感谢）”可知，作者建议读者跟随安娜来庆祝母亲节，通过这个节日来表达对母亲的爱和感谢。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一自然段“Theoriginalmother’sdayswereobservedratherdifferently.（最初的母亲节是完全不同的。）”以及下文内容可知，本文通过介绍母亲节的建立，讲述了JuliaWardHowe、AnnaJarvis以及AnnaJarvis的妈妈Ann，这三位对母亲节的成立所做出贡献的人。A项“母亲节的母亲”最能概括本文主旨大意。故选A。CAllthewisdomoftheagesandallthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturiesareeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverdiscoveredhowsatisfyingitistoreadgoodbooks.Readingisthepleasureofthemind,whichmeansthatitisalittlelikeasport:youreagemessandknowledgeandquicknessmakeyouagoodreader.Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandhis.Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparate,togethertheyalladduptosomething.Theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Booksinfluenceeachother,theylinkthepast,thepresentandthefutureandhavetheirowngenerations,likefamilies.Whereveryoustartreading,youconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesorideas,andinthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinitbutalsoyoufindoutaboutyourself,too.Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonbookssomebodytellsyou“youought”toread,youprobablywon’thavefun.Butifyouputdownabookyoudon’tlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxyourselfwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtimeandifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.8.Whatisreadinginthewriter’sopinion?A.Readingisaprocessoflisteningtotheauthor.B.Readingisaprocessofacceptingtheauthor’sideas.C.Readingisaprocessofcommunicatingwiththeauthorandyourself.D.Readingisaprocessofjudgingtheauthor’swork.9.Whatkindofpeoplearethemostunfortunateinthewriter’seyes?A.Thosewhodon’thaveanybooks. B.Thosewhocan’tenjoyreadingbooks.C.Thosewhodon’tlikebooks. D.Thosewhoreadtoomanybooks.10.Whatkindofbooksshouldyoureadinordertofindpleasureinreading?A.Bookswrittenbyfamouswriters. B.Bookswritteninhumorstyle.C.Bookswhichyouliketoread. D.Booksrecommendedbyyourfriends.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowtheimportanceofreading.B.Totellushowtomakereadingmoreeffective.C.Totellushowtoread.D.Toshowthepleasureofreading.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了阅读的乐趣，即阅读是一种让思维活跃的乐趣，可以帮助人们了解世界和自我。同时，文章也提醒读者，阅读应该是一种自由和愉悦的体验，而不是被迫的任务。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandhis.(阅读之所以有趣，不是因为作者在告诉你什么，而是因为它让你的大脑运转起来。你自己的想象力与作者的想象力一起发挥作用，甚至超越作者的想象力。你的经验，与他的比较，使你得到相同或不同的结论，你的想法在你理解他的过程中发展。)”以及第三段中“Whereveryoustartreading,youconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesorideas,andinthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinitbutalsoyoufindoutaboutyourself,too.(无论你从哪里开始阅读，你都会将自己与其中一个家庭或思想联系起来，从长远来看，你不仅会了解这个世界和其中的人们，还会了解你自己了。)”可知，作者认为阅读的过程不仅可以与作者之间沟通，也有助于发展自己的理解过程即阅读是一个与作者和你自己交流的过程。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Themostunfortunatepeopleintheworldarethosewhohaveneverdiscoveredhowsatisfyingitistoreadgoodbooks.(世界上最不幸人是那些从未发现读好书是多么令人满足的人。)”可知，作者认为不幸的人是那些从未发现读好书是多么令人满足的人。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.(阅读只有在你期望它有趣的时候才会有趣。)”以及“Butifyouputdownabookyoudon’tlikeandtryanothertillyoufindonethatmeanssomethingtoyou,andthenrelaxyourselfwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime(但是，如果你放下一本不喜欢的书，尝试另一本，直到你找到一本对你有意义的书，然后放松自己，你几乎肯定会度过一段美好的时光)”可知，作者认为读自己喜欢的书或者自己觉得有意义的书，这样阅读才会有乐趣。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Allthewisdomoftheagesandallthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturiesareeasilyandcheaplyavailabletoallofuswithinthecoversofbooks.(所有时代的智慧和所有几个世纪以来使人类高兴的故事，都可以在书的封面上轻松而廉价地获得。)”可知，作者认为古人的智慧都可以在书本中得到；同时根据第二段中“Readingisfun,notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething,butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.Yourownimaginationworksalongwiththeauthor’sorevengoesbeyondhis.Yourexperience,comparedwithhis,bringsyoutothesameordifferentconclusions,andyourideasdevelopasyouunderstandhis.(阅读之所以有趣，不是因为作者在告诉你什么，而是因为它让你的大脑运转起来。你自己的想象力与作者的想象力一起发挥作用，甚至超越作者的想象力。你的经验，与他的比较，使你得到相同或不同的结论，你的想法在你理解他的过程中发展。)”可知，作者认为阅读的过程不仅可以与作者之间沟通，也有助于发展自己的理解过程即阅读是一个与作者和你自己交流的过程；以及通读全文，作者阐述了阅读给作者带来的乐趣，故文章的目的是建议读者们读书，展示给读者们阅读的乐趣。故选D。DAgreatmanypeople,whentheyspeakofhome,tendtoconnectitwithacertainatmosphere,certainphysicalsurroundings(环境),andcertainemotionalattitudeswithinthemselves.Thissentimentality(多愁善感)towardhomeissomethingthathascomedowntousfromthepast.Manymodernpeopledonothaveit,andIthinkitisagoodthingthattheydonot.Intheolddays,lifewasdifficult.Enemiescouldattackyouandkillorrobyou,andyouhadlittleprotectionagainstthem.Peopledidnotliveinwell-builthouseswheredoorscouldbelocked.Theydidnothavetheprotectionofanorganizedpoliceforceortelephoneswhichcouldcallthepoliceinstantly.Howdidthisinfluencethewaypeoplefeltabouthome?Smallfamilygroupsclung(贴近)tightlytogetherforprotectionagainstbeastsandagainstothermen.Today,thankstomoderntransportationandwell-organizedsociety,thousandsofpeoplewillinglyandeagerlyleavethesurroundingswheretheywereborn,andtheoftenertheydoso,thelesssentiment(情绪)theyarelikelytohaveforthosesurroundings.IlivedinEnglandforthreeyears,andInoticedthatboysandgirlslefttheirparents’homesandlivedinplacesoftheirown.Theretheycouldjusttelephoneandaskanagencytoprovidethemwithahouseoranapartment,whichwastheirhome.Howhasthemeaningofthisword“home”beenchangedbysuchactivity?Whatdoeshomemeantothosepeopleortofamilieswhooftenmoveabout,livinginfirstonehotelandthenanother?Ibelievethatforthemhomemeansaplacewheretheycanhaveprivacy.Asforme,theatmosphereandsurroundingsoftheplacewheremyparentslivehavenosentimental(情感的)attachment(依恋).HomeiswhereIcanshutthedoorandbebymyself.WhenIleftmyparentsseveralyearsago,Iwasanxioustoleave.Youmightcallitunfeeling,butthatwasthewayIfelt.OnthedayofmydeparturefortheUnitedStates,mygrandmothercried.Myfather,however,showedthatheknewhowIfelt.“Son,”hesaid,“Iamnotsorrythatyouareleavingus.Ionlyhopethatyoumakethemostofyourtime.”12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonfordifficultlifeintheolddays?A.Noattackorkillingorrobberyfromenemies.B.Peoplehadnoprotectionofapoliceforce.C.Peoplelivedinpoorly-builthouses.D.Peoplehadnotelephones.13.Whyaremodernpeoplewillingtoleavetheirparents’homes?A.Becausetheycanaffordthemoneytoliveoutside.B.Becausetherearenowildanimalsorenemiesaround.C.Becausethesocietyprovidesthemwiththefeelingofsafety.D.Becausetheyarenotactuallysatisfiedwiththeirenvironment.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A.Surroundingsinfluencethewaythatpeopleact.B.Notmanymodernpeoplehavesentimentalitytowardhome.C.Rightstoprivacyarewellprotectedinmodernsociety.D.Olderpeoplecanhardlyunderstandtheleavingoftheyoung.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheHistoryofHome B.PeopleandHomeC.DifferentIdeasofHome D.IdeasofHomeHaveChanged【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对家的概念的改变并且分析了其原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Intheolddays,lifewasdifficult.Enemiescouldattackyouandkillorrobyou,andyouhadlittleprotectionagainstthem.Peopledidnotliveinwell-builthouseswheredoorscouldbelocked.Theydidnothavetheprotectionofanorganizedpoliceforceortelephoneswhichcouldcallthepoliceinstantly.”（在过去，生活很困难。敌人可能会攻击你，杀死你或抢劫你，而你几乎没有任何保护措施。人们没有住在建造精良、门可以上锁的房子里。他们没有有组织的警察部队的保护，也没有可以立即报警的电话）可知，没有敌人的攻击、杀戮或抢劫这项陈述不是过去生活困难的原因。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Today,thankstomoderntransportationandwell-organizedsociety,thousandsofpeoplewillinglyandeagerlyleavethesurroundingswheretheywereborn,andtheoftenertheydoso,thelesssentiment(情绪)theyarelikelytohaveforthosesurroundings.”（今天，由于现代交通和组织良好的社会，成千上万的人愿意和急切地离开他们出生的环境，他们这样做的次数越多，他们对周围环境的感情就越少）可知，现代人愿意离开父母的家是因为社会给了他们安全感。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thissentimentality(多愁善感)towardhomeissomethingthathascomedowntousfromthepast.Manymodernpeopledonothaveit,andIthinkitisagoodthingthattheydonot.”（这种对家的眷恋是我们从过去传承下来的。许多现代人没有，我认为这是一件好事，他们没有）可知，没有多少现代人对家有感情。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Agreatmanypeople,whentheyspeakofhome,tendtoconnectitwithacertainatmosphere,certainphysicalsurroundings(环境),andcertainemotionalattitudeswithinthemselves.Thissentimentality(多愁善感)towardhomeissomethingthathascomedowntousfromthepast.Manymodernpeopledonothaveit,andIthinkitisagoodthingthattheydonot.”（很多人一提到家，就倾向于把它与某种气氛、某种物质环境和自己内心的某种情感态度联系起来。这种对家的眷恋是我们从过去传承下来的。许多现代人没有，我认为这是一件好事，他们没有。）可知，本文主要讲的是人们对家的概念的改变。故文章最好的标题是“家的概念已经改变了”。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents.However,itisnottrue.___16___Ifit’shardforyoutocommunicatewithyourparents,don’tworryaboutit.Hereissomeadviceforyoutobridgethegenerationgap(消除代沟).Don’targuewithyourparents.___17___Yourparentspossiblywon’tconsideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan’texpressyourselfwellifyouareangry.Gotosomeplacetocooloff.Makesureyouunderstandwhyyouareunhappy.Thenthinkaboutwhatyouwanttosaytoyourparents.Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucanspeaktothematthemoment,trywritingaletter.Trytoreachacompromise(和解).___18___Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.Michael’smotherdidn’tagreewithhimaboutbuyingamotorcycle.Theyarguedoverit.Buttheyfinallycametoacompromise.Michaelboughtthemotorcycle,butonlydroveitoncertaindays.Ofcourse,yourparentsmightrefusetocompromiseonsomething.Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespecttothem.___19___Talkaboutyourvalues.Thevaluesofyourparentsareprobablydifferentfromthoseofyourown.Tellyourparentswhatyoucareabout,andwhy.___20___Agoodrelationshipwithyourparentscanmakeyouabetterandhappierperson.Itisworthhavingatry.A.Trytokeepawayfromyourparents.B.Manychildrendon’trespecttheirparents.C.Don’tgettoyourparentswhenyouareangry.D.Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.E.Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.F.Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.G.Understandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.【答案】16.F17.C18.E19.D20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个消除父母和孩子之间代沟的办法。【16题详解】上文“Somepeoplethinkonlyschoolchildrendonotagreewiththeirparents.However,itisnottrue.(有些人认为只有学龄儿童才不同意父母的意见。然而，事实并非如此。)”提出有人认为只有学龄儿童才不同意父母的意见，但这是错误观点，F项“Communicationisaproblemforparentsandchildrenofallages.(沟通对父母和所有年龄段的孩子来说都是一个问题。)”承接上文，给出正确的观点：所有年龄段的孩子和父母之间都存在这一问题，进而引出下文消除代沟的建议，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。【17题详解】下文“Yourparentspossiblywon’tconsideryourideasifyouareshoutingatthem.Andyoucan’texpressyourselfwellifyouareangry.(如果你对父母大喊大叫，他们可能不会考虑你的想法。如果你生气了，你就不能很好地表达自己。)”假设了在生气的时候去与父母沟通可能会出现的问题，是对C项“Don’tgettoyourparentswhenyouareangry.(当你生气的时候不要去找你的父母。)”的解释，说明了为什么生气的时候不要去找父母，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。【18题详解】小标题“Trytoreachacompromise(和解).(试着达成和解)”指出与父母相处需要让步。E项“Perhapsyouandyourparentsdisagreeonsomething.(也许你和你的父母在某些事情上意见不一致。)”创设了让步的前提：与父母在某些事情上意见不一致，存在矛盾，引出下文“Youcankeepyourdisagreementandtryyourbesttoaccepteachother.(你们可以保留分歧，并尽最大努力接受对方。)”的应对办法，照应本段主题。故选E项。【19题详解】上文“Inthesesituations,itisespeciallyimportanttoshowloveandrespecttothem.(在这种情况下，对他们表现出爱和尊重是特别重要的。)”提出表现对父母的爱和尊重，D项“Showingrespectwillkeepyourrelationshipstrong.(表达尊重会让你们的关系更加牢固。)”说明这样做的作用，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【20题详解】上文“Tellyourparentswhatyoucareabout,andwhy.(告诉你的父母你关心什么，为什么。)”提出告诉父母对自己而言什么最重要并说明原因，G项“Understandingyourvaluesmighthelpthemseeyourpurposesinlife.(了解你的价值观可以帮助他们看到你的人生目标。)”说明这样做的作用，句中“yourvalues”与上文“whatyoucareabout”相照应，同时呼应标题“Talkaboutyourvalues.(谈谈你的价值观。)”，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MartinStrelknowsathingortwoaboutrivers.Hehasbeenswimminginthem___21___hewasayoungboy.Althoughheholdsfiveworldrecordsinmarathonswimming,heisbestknownforusinghissporttoraise___22___ofwaterpollution.Afteryearsofswimmingindirtywater,hedecidedhehadtodo___23___.Hebegantoswimto___24___“peace,friendshipandcleanwater”.Hehopestosee___25___lawsstrengthenedandstrictlyperformed.Sofar,hehasswuminmanyoftheworld’smostfamousrivers.In2000,he___26___toswiminEurope’ssecondlongestriver,theDanube.Heswam1,866milesin58daysand___27___aworldrecordforlong-distanceswimming.In2002,StrelswamintheMississippiRiverand___28___adistanceof2,360milesin68days.In2007,heswam3,274milesoftheAmazonRiverin66days.Mostofthe___29___intheAmazoncomesfromharmfulchemicalsusedingoldminingandoilleaks(渗漏)from____30____maintainedboats.He____31____42poundsandwassoweakthathecouldn’tfeedhimselfandhadtobecarriedinandoutofthe____32____.Still,Strelplansto____33____swimmingforpeace,friendshipandcleanwater,buthewouldprefertodoitintheocean.____34____,theworld’sriversaresimplytoodirty.He____35____adaywheneveryonecangoswimmingincleanwater.21.A.before B.when C.since D.until22.A.importance B.knowledge C.idea D.awareness23.A.anything B.something C.nothing D.everything24.A.promote B.permit C.perform D.stop25.A.political B.economic C.agricultural D.environmental26.A.refused B.failed C.tended D.managed27.A.kept B.accessed C.held D.set28.A.covered B.contained C.expanded D.contained29.A.population B.poison C.pressure D.pollution30.A.well B.poorly C.carefully D.exactly31.A.gained B.weighed C.lost D.got32.A.area B.boat C.lake D.water33.A.giveup B.takeup C.carryout D.keepon34.A.Happily B.Surprisingly C.Sadly D.Hopefully35.A.dreamsof B.callsfor C.opensup D.putsforward【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.D26.D27.D28.A29.D30.B31.C32.D33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了MartinStrel从小游泳，在马拉松游泳比赛中保持了五项世界纪录，同时他也利用这项运动提高了人们对水污染的意识。【21题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：他从小就在河里面游泳。A.before在……之前；B.when当……时候；C.since自从；D.until直到。主句“Hehasbeenswimminginthem”使用了现在完成进行时态，表示动词从过去一直持续到现在，结合句意可知，在河里面游泳是从小时候就开始的行为，应用从属连词since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从”。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他在马拉松游泳比赛中保持了五项世界纪录，但他最出名的是利用这项运动提高人们对水污染的意识。A.importance价值；B.knowledge知识；C.idea想法；D.awareness意识。根据下文“Hehopestosee5lawsstrengthenedandstrictlyperformed.”和“Strelplansto13swimmingforpeace,friendshipandcleanwater”可推知Strel的目标不仅仅是赢得游泳比赛，他还有更崇高的追求，结合句中“raise”可推知，他希望提升人们对水污染的意识；raiseawareness“提高意识”。故选D。【23题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：在经历了多年在脏水里游泳之后，他决定要做点什么。A.anything任何事；B.something某事；C.nothing没有什么；D.everything一切。根据下文“Hebegantoswimto4“peace,friendshipandcleanwater”.Hehopestosee5lawsstrengthenedandstrictlyperformed.”可知，Strel决定为改善水污染做点事情；dosomething“做点什么”。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他开始游泳，以促进“和平、友谊和清洁的水。”A.promote促进；B.permit允许；C.perform表演；D.stop停止。下文“peace,friendshipandcleanwater.”是Strel想要促进的环保理念，promote“促进，提倡”符合语境。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他希望看到环境法得到加强和严格执行。A.political政治的；B.economic经济的；C.agricultural农业的；D.environmental环境的。根据上文可知，Strel的行为主要是为了改善水污染，所以他希望环境法得到加强。故选D。