2022-2023学年四川省成都市高一下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版有听力音频）

第第页2022-2023学年四川省成都市高一下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，有听力音频）树德中学高2022级高一下期期末测试英语试题

考试时间：120分钟满分：150分

第一部分听力测试(共两节，满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing

A.Parkingthecar.B.Movingsomefurniture.C.WatchingTVonthesofa.

2.Wherearethespeakers

A.Atarestaurant.B.Atatheater.C.Atastore.

3.Howmuchdoesthetelevisionsetcosttoday

A.$100.B.$150.C.$200.

4.Whyaretheman’seyesred

A.Heissick.B.Hedidn’tgetmuchsleep.C.Hehasterribleeyeproblems.

5.Whendidthewomanexpectthepackagetoarrive

A.Yesterday.B.Today.C.Tomorrow.

第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whyisn’tthegirlallowedtogoout

A.Shedidn’tdoherschoolwork.

B.Shedidn’tdoherhousework.

C.Shearguedwithherparents.

7.Howdidthegirlfeelaboutherpunishment

A.Shethoughtitwasfair.

B.Shewassurprisedbyit.

C.Shefeltangryaboutit.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.HowdothespeakersknowGregParsons

A.Heusedtobetheirteacher.

B.Heusedtobeafamousathlete.

C.Heusedtoownabusinessintown.

9.WhatwasthewomandoingwhenshesawBrianSheldontheotherday

A.Waitinginline.B.Drinkingcoffee.C.WatchingTV.

10.Wherewillthespeakersgonext

A.Agrocerystore.B.Arestaurant.C.Astadium.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Colleagues.B.Friends.C.Auntandnephew.

12.Whydidthewomanvisittheman’shouse

ATohaveaglassofwine.

B.Topickhimupbeforedinner.

C.Tocongratulatehimonhisnewhome.

13.Whycan’tMarciashowuptonight

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheneedstofinishareport.

C.Shehasameetingwithherboss.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.Whendidthemangetthetickets

A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSunday.

15.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhenthegamesareclose

A.Excited.B.Sad.C.Pressured.

16.Whichteamarethespeakerscheeringfor

A.Spain.B.Russia.C.Switzerland.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhatTVchannelisJimmyKimmelLiveon

A.NBC.B.TBS.C.ABC.

18.WhendidJimmyKimmelbecomeespeciallyfamous

A.AfterhehostedtheOscars.

B.AfterDonaldTrumpbecamepresident.

C.Whenhecriedathisshowforthefirsttime.

19.Ontalkshows,whatusuallycomesrightaftertheopeningspeech

A.Aninterview.B.Amusicalperformance.C.Acomedyperformance.

20.WhatdidJimmyKimmeldobeforehostingJimmyKimmelLive

A.Hetaughtinadramaschool.B.Heworkedataradiostation.

C.HewenttoschoolinLosAngeles.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Asachild,Iwasproudofmysouthernorigin.Myownvoicereflectedmyfamily’spastandpresent-partnorthernMississippi,partTennessee,allsouthern.TherewasnosoundIlovedmorethanmygrandmother’saccent:thick,sweet,warm.

Whilegrowingup,Ibegantorealizeoutsideofourregion,southernerswereoftendismissedasunculturedandignorant.IwasreadytoleavebehindmytinytowninWestTennessee,startinganewlifeandjumpingatbigchancesinsomefar-offcities.Inthatembarrassingspacebetween“teen”and“adult”,myaccentwasasymbolofeverythingIthoughtIhatedaboutmylifeintheruralSouth.Ifeareditwoulddisqualifymefrombeinganotedmagazinewriter.Iwouldhavetotalkless“country”.SoIkilledapieceofmyself.I’mashamedofit,butI’mmoreashamedthatItriedtokillthatpartofsomeoneelse-changeEmily’saccent.

ImetEmilyincollege.Shewasdeterminedtoworkforthestudentnewspaper,whichwaswhereIspentmostofmywakinghours,andwebecamefriends.She,unlikeme,acceptedherroots.Earlyinourfriendship,hermotheraskedwhereIwasfrom,assumingitwassomewhereupnorth.ThenIfeltmyeffortspaidoffandevenwantedtoignorethemistake.

Emilyistwoyearsyoungerandshecaredaboutmyopinion.IadvisedhertobemorelikemeandhidehersignatureManchesteraccent.Istressedthatthroughoutourcollegeyears,oftenbymakingfunofhervowel(元音)sounds.ItoldmyselfIwashelpingherachieveherdreamofworkingasareporter.Now,Iseethatitwasactuallyaboutjustifyingmyhidingpartofmyself.

GrandmaCarolynusedtotellme,“Girl,don’tforgetwhereyoucomefrom.”NowItrulyunderstandthat.Manythingshavefadedfrommemory,butthissticksinmymindwithuncomfortableclarity.NowthatIamgrownandhavelefttheSouth,it’simportanttome.

1.Whatmadetheauthorwanttoleaveherhometown

A.Appealofconvenienceincities.

B.Herdreamofbecomingawriter.

C.Outsideprejudiceagainstsoutherners.

D.Herdesireforthenorthernaccent.

2.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutthemistakeofEmily’smother

A.Upset.B.Pleased.C.Ashamed.D.Surprised.

3.WhyonearthdidtheauthortrytochangeEmily’saccent

A.Toproveherselfright.B.TohelpEmilybeareporter.

C.Tomakeherselfinfluential.D.ToprotectEmily’sself-dignity.

4.Whatmessagedoesthetextwanttoconvey

A.Staytruetoyourroots.B.Neverdothingsbyhalves.

C.Holdontoyourdreams.D.Neverjudgeapersonbyhisaccent.

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述因为别人的偏见以及追求更好的生活改变自己的口音，但后来才意识到这样做抹杀了自己身份的一部分，也明白了要坚守本根。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Whilegrowingup,Ibegantorealizeoutsideofourregion,southernerswereoftendismissedasunculturedandignorant.IwasreadytoleavebehindmytinytowninWestTennessee,startinganewlifeandjumpingatbigchancesinsomefar-offcities.(在成长过程中，我开始意识到，在我们的地区之外，南方人经常被认为是没有文化和无知的。我准备离开我在西田纳西州的小镇，开始新的生活，并在一些遥远的城市抓住大好机会)”可知，决定离开南部的家乡是因为其他人认为南方人没文化、无知，即外部对南方人的偏见。故选C。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段的“Earlyinourfriendship,hermotheraskedwhereIwasfrom,assumingitwassomewhereupnorth.ThenIfeltmyeffortspaidoffandevenwantedtoignorethemistake.(在我们的友谊之初，她妈妈问我来自哪里，以为是北方的某个地方。然后我觉得我的努力得到了回报，甚至想忽略这个错误)”推知，当被Emily的妈妈误会来自北方时，是非常开心的。故选B。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的“Ifeareditwoulddisqualifymefrombeinganotedmagazinewriter.Iwouldhavetotalkless“country”.SoIkilledapieceofmyself.(我担心这会使我失去成为著名杂志作家的资格。我就得少说些“乡村”了。所以我抹杀了自己身份的一部分)”，第三段的“Shewasdeterminedtoworkforthestudentnewspaper,whichwaswhereIspentmostofmywakinghours(她决心为校报工作，而我醒着的大部分时间都在那里度过的)”以及倒数第二段的“IadvisedhertobemorelikemeandhidehersignatureManchesteraccent.Istressedthatthroughoutourcollegeyears,oftenbymakingfunofhervowel(元音)sounds.ItoldmyselfIwashelpingherachieveherdreamofworkingasareporter.(我建议她更像我，隐藏她标志性的曼彻斯特口音。在我们的大学生活中，我经常通过取笑她的元音来强调这一点。我告诉自己，我是在帮她实现当记者的梦想)”可知，通过改变自己的口音获得了在校报工作的机会。由此推知，努力改变Emily的口音是为了证明自己是对的，即改变南方口音就有可能获得好工作。故选A。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段的“I’mashamedofit,butI’mmoreashamedthatItriedtokillthatpartofsomeoneelse-changeEmily’saccent.(我很惭愧，但我更惭愧的是我试图抹杀别人的那部分——改变艾米丽的口音)”和最后一段“GrandmaCarolynusedtotellme,“Girl,don’tforgetwhereyoucomefrom.”NowItrulyunderstandthat.Manythingshavefadedfrommemory,butthissticksinmymindwithuncomfortableclarity.(卡罗琳奶奶过去常对我说：“女孩，别忘了你来自哪里。”现在我真的明白了。许多事情已经从记忆中消失了，但这件事却以令人不安的清晰印象留在了我的脑海中)”可知，文章想要传达的信息是：坚守本根。故选A。

B

WhenIwinatmyfavouritegames,myopponentstendtosay:‘OH,you’resocompetitive!’ButwhenIlose,theysmilegood-naturedlyandsay:‘Badluck!Goodgame!’

Thissuggeststhataccuratesportingexpressionsshouldgosomethinglikethis:

Iamsporty.

Youarecompetitive.

Theycan’tbeartolose.

Or:

Igaveitago.

Youdidyourbest.

Hetrieddesperatelyhard.

I’mnotsayingIdon’thaveacompetitivepersonality.Wealldo.Onwalks,Iliketobeoutinfront.Intrafficjams,Ifindmyselffocusingoncarsinotherlanes,andfretiftheyedgeaheadofme.Itenseupwhilewaitingfortrains,determinedtobefirstaboard.Theotherday,Iwasoneofthefirsttoboardatrain,grabbingaperfectspotinfirstclass.Yes,Ihadwon!Justhalfway,Iwenttogetafreedrinkforafirst-classseatfromthebuffet.ButIhadleftmyticketonmytable.Iworkedoutthat,ifImovedveryswiftly,Icouldnip(快走)throughtwocarriages,andnipbackwithoutanyonetakingmyplaceatthefrontofthequeue.

SoIrushedback,pickingupmyticket,andturnedback.Iwasatthebeginningofthesecondcarriage,when,tomyhorror,Inoticed,anotherfigure,roughlymysize,shootingtowardsthebuffetfromtheotherdirection.

Desperatetoarrivebeforehedid,Istartedwalkingfaster.Butatexactlythesamemoment,hestartedwalkingfaster,too.Tryingtoretainmydignity,Ibrokeintoarunning.Whateverhappened,Iwasdeterminedtowin!But,annoyingly,atthesametimeasIspedup,sodidhe.Theracewason.

Finally,inmyrush,Iknockedintoasuitcaseandstumbledslightly.Stillwithmyeyesonmychallenger,Inoticedthat-strangebuttrue-exactlythesamethinghadhappenedtohim.

ItwasonlyaswebothliftedourselvesupinexactlythesamewaythatIrealisedthat,throughouttherace,Ihadbeenlookingatareflectionofmyselfintheslidingdoor!

Mycompetitorforfirstplaceinthebuffetqueuewas...me.

5.Whichsportingexpressioncanreplace“Badluck!Goodgame!”inparagraph1

A.Igaveitago.B.Youdidyourbest.

C.Youarecompetitive.D.Hetrieddesperatelyhard.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fret”inparagraph3probablymean

A.Getanxious.B.Becomerelaxed.C.Feeldisappointed.D.Remainexcited.

7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor

A.Heneverfailstobeatanyoneinhislife.

B.Hehasagiftforgamesandcompetitions.

C.Heissportybutoftenaggressivetoothers.

D.Heishighlycompetitiveanddesperatetowin.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.SadcompetitorIcansurelybeatmyself

B.BadloserNo,butIcanbeafirst-classfool

C.CompetitivenessworksNotinmycase

D.MorehasteItwillonlyresultinlessspeed

【答案】5.B6.A7.D8.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了自己因过于在乎竞争，时刻想要超越别人而在一次火车途中，为了获得免费饮料而误以为车厢反射的自己的影子是竞争对手的一次荒诞的经历。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenIwinatmyfavouritegames,myopponentstendtosay:‘OH,you’resocompetitive!’ButwhenIlose,theysmilegood-naturedlyandsay:‘Badluck!Goodgame!’(当我在最喜欢的比赛中获胜时，我的对手往往会说：‘哦，你太好胜了！’但当我输了的时候，他们和蔼地微笑着说：‘运气不好！玩得好！”)”可知，对手的意思是“你玩的不错，但是运气较差，所以输了”。“Goodgame!”可以被“Youdidyourbest.(你尽力了)”替换。故选B。

【6题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Onwalks,Iliketobeoutinfront.(散步时，我喜欢走在前面)”以及“Itenseupwhilewaitingfortrains,determinedtobefirstaboard.(等火车时我紧张起来，决心第一个上车)”可推知，一直很好胜，在看到其他车往前走时，自己会比较着急。由此推知，划线词fret和A选项Getanxious(变得焦虑)意思相近。故选A项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“I’mnotsayingIdon’thaveacompetitivepersonality.Wealldo.Onwalks,Iliketobeoutinfront.Intrafficjams,Ifindmyselffocusingoncarsinotherlanes,andfretiftheyedgeaheadofme.Itenseupwhilewaitingfortrains,determinedtobefirstaboard.(我不是说我没有好胜的性格。我们都有。散步时，我喜欢走在前面。在交通堵塞的时候，我发现自己会把注意力集中在其他车道的汽车上，如果它们挤到我前面，我就会烦恼。等火车时我紧张起来，决心第一个上车)”以及第五段“Whateverhappened,Iwasdeterminedtowin!But,annoyingly,atthesametimeasIspedup,sodidhe.Theracewason.(无论发生什么，我都决心要赢！但是，烦人的是，在我加快速度的同时，他也加快了速度。比赛开始了)”可推知，好胜心很强，急于求胜。故选D项。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。从全文概括以及最后一段“Mycompetitorforfirstplaceinthebuffetqueuewas…me.(我在自助餐队伍中争夺第一名的对手是……我)”可知，本文是讲述一次自己为了获得免费饮料而误以为车厢反射的自己的影子是竞争对手的一次荒诞的经历。由此可知，B项“BadloserNo,butIcanbeafirst-classfool(输不起的人吗？不，但我可以做一个一流的傻瓜)”是本文最好的标题。故选B。

C

Stereotypes(刻板印象)arewidelyheldbutverygeneral,simplifiedopinionsaboutotherpeople.Manyofusstarttousestereotypesatschool—thecoolkidsorthehotkids—weknowallthedifferentonesbyheart.

Looks,clothes,personaltraits(特征)andinterestsareallaspectswhich,onthesurfaceofit,makeusdifferentfromourcontemporaries.Studentspounceontheseinordertocategoriseothers.“Whenyou’reasocialanimal,youneedtounderstandwhoisamemberofyourpack,andwhoisamemberofadifferentpack,”sayspsychologyprofessor,JohnDovidio.

Agirldressedallinblackmayseemabitdepressed.Butperhaps,deepdowninside,shejustlikesblackandisactuallycheerful.Shehasthesameinterestsasyou—(the“coolkid”)—butshejustdressesdifferently.Theproblemoftypecastingisthatitinvolvesusinglabelswhicharemerelyshells(外表)containingassumptions.Itmakesonewonderwhypeopleseeonlyanarrowviewofacomplicatedhumanbeing.

AccordingtoDovidio,evenifwethinkwedon’tstereotypeothers,wedo.“Wecategoriseimmediatelyandwithoutthinking,”saysDovidio.“Andwestereotypeothersnotjustontheirappearance,howtheydressoract,but—wrongly—ontheirraceandsextoo.”

Studentstereotypesmayhavespecialmeanings,asteensareintheprocessofformingtheirownidentityandfiguringoutwhotheyfeelmostcomfortablewith.Tosomeextent,stereotypingoffersasenseoforder,directionandconnectiontotheclosefriendstheymakeovertime.Butit’stoosimpletomakeassumptionsthat“they”—teenagersinothergroups—arealikeordifferentfrom“us”.It’seasytothrowagroupofpeopleintoabucket(水桶)andjudgethemasawhole;it’smuchmoredifficulttolookateachpersonasanindividual.Ontheotherhand,Jim,anotherhighschoolstudent,says“bylabellingpeoplewe’reactuallyhighlightingsimilaritiesnotdifferences.Ifwedidn’tstereotype,itwouldmakemanythingstodayimpossible.Thinkofmarketingstudiesfocusedonspecificaudiences,orclubsforpeoplewithsimilarinterestsorhobbies.”

9.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“pounceon”inparagraphtwo

A.Putupwith.B.Makefunof.

C.Takepridein.D.Catchholdof.

10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosuggestbymentioningthegirlinblack

A.Don’tdistinguishyourselffromothers.

B.Don’tmakesimplethingscomplicated.

C.Don’tidentifyothersbytheirappearance.

D.Don’tlabelothersaccordingtotheirpersonaltraits.

11.WhatdoDovidio’swordsinparagraphfourtellus

A.Wecannotavoidbeingstereotyped.

B.Wemaycorrectlyrecogniseothers’sex.

C.Wecannothelpthewaywereacttoothers.

D.Wemaymakewrongjudgementsaboutourselves.

12.WhichwordbestdescribesJim’sattitudetostereotypes

A.Positive.B.Uninterested.C.Uncertain.D.Critical.

【答案】9.D10.C11.C12.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了刻板印象以及针对刻板印象的不同观点。

【9题详解】

短语猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句“Looks,clothes,personaltraits(特征)andinterestsareallaspectswhich,onthesurfaceofit,makeusdifferentfromourcontemporaries.Studentspounceontheseinordertocategoriseothers.(外表、衣服、个人特征和兴趣都是表面上使我们与同时代人不同的方面。学生们pounceon这些来对其他人进行分类。)”可知划线词pounceon后的these指代上文使我们与同时代人在表面上不同的特征“Looks,clothes,personaltraits(特征)andinterests”，学生们抓住这些表面上的特征对其他人进行分类，由此可知，句中“pounceon”意思为“抓住”，可以替换为catchholdof。故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Agirldressedallinblackmayseemabitdepressed.Butperhaps,deepdowninside,shejustlikesblackandisactuallycheerful.Shehasthesameinterestsasyou—(the‘coolkid’)—butshejustdressesdifferently.(一个穿一身黑的女孩可能看起来有点沮丧。但也许，在内心深处，她只是喜欢黑色，实际上是开朗的。她和你——（那个‘酷孩子’）——有相同的兴趣爱好，只是穿着不同而已。)”可知，在文中提到穿一身黑的女孩，想要传达的含义是不能光凭外表来确定一个人的特征个性。故选C。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘Wecategoriseimmediatelyandwithoutthinking,’saysDovidio.‘Andwestereotypeothersnotjustontheirappearance,howtheydressoract,but—wrongly—ontheirraceandsextoo.’(‘我们会不假思索地立即进行分类。’Dovidio说：‘我们不仅在外表、穿着和行为上对他人抱有刻板印象，而且——错误地——在种族和性别上也抱有刻板印象。’)”可知人们会不假思索地立即对他人按照刻板印象进行分类，由此可知，人们对他人进行刻板印象归类是一种下意识的举动，人们无法控制自己对他人的反应。故选C。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ontheotherhand,Jim,anotherhighschoolstudent,says‘bylabellingpeoplewe’reactuallyhighlightingsimilaritiesnotdifferences.Ifwedidn’tstereotype,itwouldmakemanythingstodayimpossible.Thinkofmarketingstudiesfocusedonspecificaudiences,orclubsforpeoplewithsimilarinterestsorhobbies.’(另一方面，另一名高中生Jim说：‘通过给人贴标签，我们实际上是在强调相似之处，而不是不同之处。如果我们没有刻板印象，这将使今天的许多事情变得不可能。想想针对特定受众的营销研究，或者针对具有相似兴趣或爱好的人的俱乐部。’)”可知，Jim认为通过给人群贴标签可以找到群体的相似性，如果没有刻板印象的话，针对特定受众的市场调查、俱乐部等就无法实现。由此可知，Jim对刻板印象的态度是积极的。故选A。

D

ItwasamethodfavouredbytheinventorThomasEdisonandtheartistSalvadorDali.Wakingfromanapexactlyatthepointbeforedeepsleepinanefforttoinspirecreativity.

Edisonheldametalballinhishandsothatifhenoddedoffhewoulddropitandthesoundwouldwakehim.ForDali,itwasakeylandingonaplate.Nowscientistshavefoundthattheymighthavebeenontosomething.

ResearchersattheParisBrainInstitutestudiedpeople’sabilitytofindahiddenruleinamathspuzzle.Identifyingthetrickwouldmakesolvingtheproblemfarsimplerbuttodosorequiredthinkingcreatively.Thescientistsfoundthatparticipantswhohadbeenwokenjustbeforefallingintoadeepsleep,usingatechniquelikethatusedbyEdisonandDali,weremorelikelytofindtheshortcut.

This“twilightzone”isknownasnon-rapideyemovementsleepstage1,orN1.Scientistsdescribeditlikeanexaggeratedformofmind-wandering,wheredream-likethoughtsfillthemind.Itisthoughtthataspeoplestarttodisengage(脱离)fromtheirenvironmenttheycan“freelywatchtheirmindswander,whilemaintainingtheirabilitytoidentifycreativesparks(火花)”.

Forthestudy103peopleweregivenamathsproblemtosolve.Toreachthefinalanswertheyhadtoapplytherulesstepbystepbut,unknowntothem,a“hiddenrule”wouldallowthemtobypassmostofthestepsandgettothesolutionmuchmorequickly.Theresultsshowedthat83percentofthoseintheN1grouphadfoundtheshortcut,comparedwith31percentinthegroupwhowereawakeand14percentofthoseinadeepsleep.

Researchersconcludethatthebrainactivitycommontothetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulnesssetoffcreativesparks.“Althoughtheneuralmechanisms(神经机制)involvedarenotyetknown,ourfindingssuggestthatthereisacreativesweetspotwithinthetwilightzone,”saidDrThomasAndrillon,co-authorofthestudy.

13.Whydidtheauthormention“ametalball”and“akey”inParagraph2

A.Toclarifyamethod.B.Toexplainatheory.

C.Topresentaconcept.D.Tomakeacomparison.

14.Whatcanwelearnabout“thetwilightzone”fromthetext

A.Itpreventsyourmindfromwandering.

B.Itdetermineswhatyourdreamswillbelike.

C.Itisknownasrapideyemovementsleepstage.

D.Itisastateofbeinghalfasleepandhalfawake.

15.Whatdoes“theshortcut”inParagraph5referto

A.Themathsproblem.B.Thefinalanswer.

C.Thehiddenrule.D.Theaddedstep.

16.WhatattitudemayDrThomasAndrillonholdtothetechniqueusedbyEdisonandDali

A.Doubtful.B.Critical.

C.Indifferent.D.Favorable.

【答案】13.A14.D15.C16.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍来自爱迪生和达利的启示：临睡状态可激发创造力。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段提到了爱迪生和达利偏爱的一个激发创造力的方法“Wakingfromanapexactlyatthepointbeforedeepsleepinanefforttoinspirecreativity.(在深度睡眠前从午睡中醒来，以激发创造力)”和第二段“Edisonheldametalballinhishandsothatifhenoddedoffhewoulddropitandthesoundwouldwakehim.ForDali,itwasakeylandingonaplate.(爱迪生手里拿着金属球为了当他低头时，金属球掉在地上的声音唤醒他。对于达利来说，他拿的是掉在盘子的钥匙)”可知，通过“金属球”和“钥匙”更直观地介绍了这种方法的操作方式，故选A。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。由最后一段第一句话“…thetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulness…”可知“thetwilightzone”为半睡半醒状态。故选D。

【15题详解】

词义猜测题。由上文“a“hiddenrule”wouldallowthemtobypassmostofthestepsandgettothesolutionmuchmorequickly.”可知，“隐藏规则”可使他们绕过大多数步骤，更快地找到答案。再结合划线单词所在句“Theresultsshowedthat83percentofthoseintheN1grouphadfoundtheshortcut(结果显示，在N1组中，83%的人找到了theshortcut)”可知，此处划线单词theshortcut指代前文的thehiddenrule“隐藏规则”。故选C。

【16题详解】

推理判断题。最后一段“Researchersconcludethatthebrainactivitycommontothetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulnesssetoffcreativesparks.（研究人员得出结论，睡眠和清醒之间的模糊地带的大脑活动会激发创造力的火花）”可知，研究结果证实临睡状态可激发创造力火花，同时博士的话“ourfindingssuggestthatthereisacreativesweetspotwithinthetwilightzone（我们的发现表明临睡状态确实存在创造力的最有效点）”推知，博士对爱迪生和达利使用的技术的态度是肯定的。故选D。

E

AcrossIndia,summerscanbeextreme.Temperaturesoutdoorscansoarto124°F(51℃),highenoughtomeltthesurfaceofthestreets.

Millionsofurbanlower-incomefamiliesliveintiny,one-roomhousescrammedtogether.Suchshackshavetinandasbestos(石棉的)roofs.Thesematerialsabsorbthesun’sheat,ratherthanreflectitbackintotheatmosphere.Additionally,onlyafewtreesgrowbetweenthejam-packedhouses.Makingmattersworseistheresidents’poverty.Mosthouseholdscannotaffordtorunairconditionersandcoolers.Allthesefactorsmaketheinsideofthesetinyhousesextremelyhot.Undersuchconditions,residentsfinditdifficulttolive,letalonework.Productivitydeclines.

Socialworkersandscientistshaverealizedthatthequickestwaytocoolsuchhousesistochangetheirroofs.That’sbecausetheroofreceivesthemostdirectsunlight.Climateresearcherscameupwithmanystrategiestoproducecoolroofs.Oneeasywaywaswithpaint.Light-coloredsurfacesreflectmoreheatthandarkerones,soroofspaintedwhitewouldbecoolerthanthosepaintedinanyothercolor.Thiswasn’tanewidea.Infact,Indianshavetraditionallywhitewashedhomeswithchuna.TheannualMonsoonrains,though,washthechunaaway.Climateexpertshopedthatthewhitepaintswouldlastlonger.Researchfindingsrevealedthatpaintingalonecouldbringdowntheheatbyupto9℉(5℃).

Problemspersist,though.Whilethepaintisfairlycheap,poorpeoplecannotafforditwithoutfinancialhelp.Inaddition,thesunlightbouncingoffwhite-toppedroofsmakesthemtoobrighttolookat.Residentsusuallyusetheroofsfordryingwetclothesandvegetables,likechilies.Buttheglarefromthewhitenedsurfacesmakesittoughforthemtodothesetasks.Athirdproblemisthatwhite-roofedbuildingsreflectthesun’sraysthroughouttheyear.Ironically,thismakesroofstoocoolinregionswherewintersgetextremelycold.Andkeepingwarmiscostly,too.

Despitethesedrawbacks,manyhouseholdsaresupportersofcoolroofinitiatives.Formost,thebenefitsoftheroofsoutweightheirflaws.Indeed,thewhitepainthasgiventheirlivesanewlight.

17.WhatisafactorcontributingtoIndianhouses’extremeheat

A.Thebuildingmaterialsoftheroofs.B.Residents’lackofgreenawareness.

C.Theinfluenceoftheglobaleconomy.D.Therebeingnotreesinthecommunity.

18.Whyiswhitepaintagoodchoiceaccordingtoparagraph3

A.Itiseffective.B.Itisinnovative.C.Itisreplaceable.D.Itislong-lasting.

19.Whatproblemcomeswithwhitepaintroofs

A.Theirbrightnesswillleadtocolorblindness.

B.Thepaintwillbecometooexpensivetoafford.

C.Itwillbeinconvenienttodrystuffontheroofs.

D.Residents’livingcostwillbehigherinsummer.

20.Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A.Light-coloredpaints.B.Ahouse-coolingstrategy.

C.White-roofedbuildings.D.Anenergy-savinginitiative.

【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.B

【解析】

【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了用白油漆涂屋顶来降温的方法。

【17题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Suchshackshavetinandasbestos(石棉的)roofs.Thesematerialsabsorbthesun’sheat,ratherthanreflectitbackintotheatmosphere.Additionally,onlyafewtreesgrowbetweenthejam-packedhouses.Makingmattersworseistheresidents’poverty.Mosthouseholdscannotaffordtorunairconditionersandcoolers.Allthesefactorsmaketheinsideofthesetinyhousesextremelyhot.(这样的棚屋有锡和石棉屋顶。这些材料吸收太阳的热量，而不是将其反射回大气层。此外，只有几棵树生长在拥挤的房屋之间。更糟糕的是当地居民的贫困。大多数家庭买不起空调和冷却器。所有这些因素使这些小房子的内部非常热)”并结合选项可知，屋顶的建筑材料是导致印度房屋过热的因素之一。故选A。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“Oneeasywaywaswithpaint.Light-coloredsurfacesreflectmoreheatthandarkerones,soroofspaintedwhitewouldbecoolerthanthosepaintedinanyothercolor．(最简单最快速的一个降温方法是给屋顶涂白油漆。浅色表面比深色表面反射更多的热量，所以涂成白色的屋顶会比其他颜色的屋顶更凉爽)”可知，白油漆是一个好的选择是因为能反射更多的热量，更有效。故选A。

【19题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段的“Problemspersist,though.Whilethepaintisfairlycheap,poorpeoplecannotafforditwithoutfinancialhelp.Inaddition,thesunlightbouncingoffwhite-toppedroofsmakesthemtoobrighttolookat.Residentsusuallyusetheroofsfordryingwetclothesandvegetables,likechilies.Buttheglarefromthewhitenedsurfacesmakesittoughforthemtodothesetasks.(不过，问题依然存在。虽然油漆相当便宜，但如果没有经济援助，穷人买不起。此外，阳光从白色屋顶上反射回来，使它们太亮了，让人看不见。居民们通常用屋顶来晾晒湿衣服和蔬菜，比如辣椒。但白化表面的强光让它们很难完成这些任务)”可知，从白色屋顶上反射的光太亮，使人睁不开眼，这使得在屋顶上晾干东西很不方便。故选C。

【20题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第三段的“Climateresearcherscameupwithmanystrategiestoproducecoolroofs.Oneeasywaywaswithpaint.Light-coloredsurfacesreflectmoreheatthandarkerones,soroofspaintedwhitewouldbecoolerthanthosepaintedinanyothercolor.(气候研究人员想出了许多制造凉爽屋顶的策略。一个简单的方法是用颜料。浅色的表面比深色的表面反射更多的热量，所以刷成白色的屋顶比刷成其他颜色的屋顶更凉爽)”和最后一段“Despitethesedrawbacks,manyhouseholdsaresupportersofcoolroofinitiatives.Formost,thebenefitsoftheroofsoutweightheirflaws.Indeed,thewhitepainthasgiventheirlivesanewlight.(尽管有这些缺点，许多家庭都是冷屋顶倡议的支持者。对大多数人来说，屋顶的好处大于缺点。事实上，白色的油漆给他们的生活带来了新的曙光)”可知，本文主要介绍了用白油漆涂屋顶来降温的策略。故选B。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Youmayhaveseenthemstandingaloneinafarmer’sfield.Withthinarmsandastrangesmile,theystandguardoverthecropsdayandnight.____21____

ScarecrowshavebeenaroundsinceatleastthetimeoftheancientEgyptians.Backthen,farmerscoveredwoodenframeswithnetstoprotectwheatfields.____22____Around2500BCE,theGreeksmadethefirsthuman-likescarecrows.TheyaddedafacewhichwassimilartothatoftheGreekgodPriapus.____23____TheRomanslatercopiedthisdesignandbroughtittoEurope.

CenturiesaftertheRomansmarchedthroughEurope,peoplearoundtheworldwerecreatingtheirownscarecrows.InJapan,scarecrowswereshapedlikepeopleinraincoatsandstrawhats.InGermany,scarecrowsweremadetolooklikewitches.

____24____IntheoldestbookofJapaneseliterature,TheKojiki,ascarecrownamedKuebikoappears.Thoughhecan’twalk,Kuebikoisakindofall-knowinggod.Inthemid-19thcentury,writerNathanielHawthornebroughtscarecrowsintoliteraturewiththeshortstory“Feathertop.”Inthistale,awitchwhopraystotheDevilbringsascarecrowtolife.

Thenthereisthemostfamousscarecrow.Hisnameissimply“Scarecrow,”andheappearsinTheWonderfulWizardofOz.Inthechildren’snovel,ScarecrowjoinsDorothy,TinManandtheCowardlyLiononanadventuretomeetthewizardofthemagicallandofOz.____25____

Asidefromtheseexamples,scarecrowshavefeaturedinrocksongsandascharactersincomicbooks.OnHalloween,theyarebroughtoutasscarydecorations.Bothpracticalandcreepy,scarecrowscontinuetocaptureourimagination.

A.Scarecrowsappeareverywhereintheworld.

B.Wecanneverignor