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1.Theyoungman,________inheavytrafficontheway,gothomeanhourlaterthanusual.C.havingcaughtD.tobecaughtifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?B.WereyousurprisedA.WouldyoubesurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised3.--Sorryforhavingkeptyouwaiting.Butforthetrafficjam,I________________20minutesearlier—Nevermind,Ihaven'tbeenwaitingthatlong.C.wouldarriveD.hadarrived4.Itwasnotuntil3dayslaterthattheboycamebacktolifeandexplainedtothepolicewhat_______tohim.B.wastohappenC.hadhappenedD.hashappenedB.wouldhavearrived6.Theflatisgoodvalueformoneybecausenotonlydidtheysellittomeatacheapprice,buttheythrewinsomeoldfurniture_________.A.attheircommandC.beyondmyreachD.beneaththeirdignity8.—Whatwasitthatcausedthepartytobeputoff?C.ThatTomdelayedsendingsecondtimeinfivedaysthathehasaskedmeforA.不填;aB.a;theC.the;ahechangedhismindatthelastminute.10.Johnhadplannedtomakeacompromise,butC.thereforeD.somehow11.Muchtomy______,myvocabularyhasexpandedagreatdeal.B.delightedC.delight12.—WillUnclePetersoncometomybirthdaypartytomorrow?—Pityhe______toZimbabweasavolunteerteacher.C.hadbeensent13.Whilewewerelisteningtothespeechattentively,avoice_____toannouncetheresultoftheelection.A.brokeinB.brokeupC.brokeoffD.brokedown15.Asisoftenthecase,therearealwayssomeobstaclesintheway,something________beforewerealizetherealgoalA.tobegotthroughC.gettingthroughD.havingbeengotthrough16.Somepeoplecreatejobs,fosterexcitementandbasicallymakethesystemwork.Theyseepossibilities________othersseeonlyproblems.A.thatB.whatC.which17.Theeconomyinbigcitieshascontinuedtorisethankstothelocalgovernmentstoincrease______.C.willworkD.havebeenworking19.Hardworkandlackofsleephave_____herbeautyandyouthinrecentyears.C.madeoutD.sentout20.Sorrytohavebrokenyourglass.21.6分)Haveyouevernoticedtinyraisedareasonthebranchesofatree?Thesemayhavebeeninsects.Thesesmallinsectsfeedontreesap(汁液).Insectsonurbantreesarenotablymoreabundantthanthoseonruraltrees.Asaresult,urbantreessufferfromheavyinfestations(害虫横行),andareoftenunhealthyordie.ToprotectandrestoreLivingorganismsinteractcloselywiththeirenvironment.Thewarmer,moredrought-stressedtreesharbormoresuccessfulpeststhancooler,lessdrought-stressedtrees.Ascitiesandnaturalhabitatsbecomehotteranddrier,damaginginsectswillbecomemoreabundantonurbantrees.Treeswithinurbanforestsarevaluableeconomicallyandfortheenvironmentalsustainability(可持续性)oftheratethanever.Rapidgrowthmayturncitiesintoplaceswithharderconditions.Althoughcitiesareprimarilymadeofbuildings,roads,parkinglots,andvehicles,therearestillplantsinthem.Thetreeswithinacityarereferredtoastheurbanforest.Urbanforestsofferverybigbenefitstohumanandenvironmentalhealth.Theyimproveairandwaterquality,providehabitatforwildlife,cooldowntemperaturesandbeautifyourenvironment.Theymakecitieslivable.However,beingacitytreeisnoteasy.Heatreleasedbyhumanactivitiesistrappedincities.Asaresult,temperaturesinurbanareasareoftenwarmerthantheirsurroundingruralareas.Wecallthisurbanwarmingortheurbanheatislandeffect.Urbanhabitatsaremostlymadeofsurfacesofasphalt(沥青)andconcrete.Thesesurfacesreducetheamountofrainwaterthatreachestreeroots.Asaresult,urbanforestsmaysuffer,whichcannegativelyaffectpeopleandtheenvironment.Whatcanwedotorestoreurbanforests?Regularirrigationwhenpossiblemayhelpkeeppestpopulationsundercontrol.Plantingtreespeciesthataresuitabletohandleheatanddroughtstresswouldalsoreducetheoccurrenceofinsectpestoutbreaks.1、Whatmakestreepestsmoresuccessfulinthecitythaninruralareas?A.Thewarmerandrainyhabitat.B.Thehotteranddrierhabitat.C.Thecooleranddrierhabitat.D.Thehotterandrainyhabitat.2、UrbanforestsmakecitieslivablebyA.providingpeopleenoughcleanwaterB.improvingthelivingenvironmentC.offeringpeopleeconomicbenefitsD.loweringthetemperaturesA.Naturaldisasters.C.Humanactivities.D.Naturalevolution.4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImportanceoftheUrbanTreesB.HowtoProtecttheUrbanTreesC.UrbanTreesAreinGreatDanger22.8分)Ifanyoneknowswhatmakesagreatchildren'sbook,itmustbeSussexauthorandillustrator(插图家)IcaughtupwithJaneatherhomeintheEastSussexcountrysideandaskedherwhatshethinksisthesecretofayoungchildren,picturesonapagethatarefamiliar,forolderchildren,anexperience.Thebookshouldbefamiliar,butAfterthebirthofherfirstchild,shegaveupteachingandworkedonherownartwork,drawingpicturesofteddybears.AneditorfromapublishingcompanysawherworkandinvitedJanetodoachildren'sbook.Overtheyears,—notleastintermsofplot.Shesaid,1、WhatisJane'sopinionaboutasuccessfulchildren'sbook?A.Itcontainssomethingunexpected.B.Itoffersanescapefromeverydaylife.C.It'sattractiveaschildrengetolder.D.It'ssetinaplaceknowntoitsreaders.2、WhydidJanetakeupbookwriting?A.Shegottoknowaneditor.B.Herhusbandencouragedhertotry.C.Herartworkattractedprofessional.D.Shewrotestoriesforherownchildren.3、HowdidJane'schildrenassistherinherwork?A.Byhelpingherconcentrateonherwork.B.Bytellingherhowtheyfoundherstories.C.Bysuggestingcharactersforherstories.D.Bygivingherideasforherstories.4、WhatisJane'sattitudetowardsherfuturework?Forcenturies,medicalpioneershaverefinedavarietyofmethodsandmedicinestotreatsickness,injury,anddisability,enablingpeopletolivelongerandhealthierlives.Peruvian-bornsurgeonDr.AnthonyAtalainarecentinterview.Thequestion,areferencetoworkaimingtogrownewlimbsforwoundedsoldiers,capturestheinventivespiritofregenerativemedicine.Thisinnovativefieldseekstoprovidepatientswithreplacementbodyparts.Thesepartsarenotmadeofsteel;theyaretherealthingslivingcells,tissue,andevenorgans.Regenerativemedicineisstillmostlyexperimental,withclinicalapplicationslimitedtoproceduressuchasgrowingsheetsofskinonburnsandwounds.Oneofitsmostsignificantadvancestookplacein1999,whenaresearchgroupatlaboratory-grownbladder.Sincethen,theteam,ledbyDr.Atala,hascontinuedtogenerateavarietyofothertissuesandorgans—fromkidneystoears.Thefieldofregenerativemedicinebuildsonworkconductedintheearlytwentiethcenturywiththefirstsuccessfultransplantsofdonatedhumansofttissueandbone.However,donororgansarenotalwaysthebestoption.Firstofall,theyareinshortsupply,andmanypeoplediewhilewaitingforanavailableorgan;intheUnitedStatesalone,morethanToday,severallabsareworkingtocreatebioartificialbodyparts.ScientistsatColumbiaandYaleUniversitieshavegrownajawboneandalung.AttheUniversityofMinnesota,DorisTaylorhascreatedabeatingbioartificialratheart.Dr.Atala'smedicalteamhasreportedlong-termsuccesswithbioengineeredbladdersimplantedintoyoungpatientswithspinabifida(abirthdefectthatinvolvestheincompletedevelopmentofthespinalcord).AndattheUniversityofMichigan,H.DavidHumeshascreatedanartificialkidney.Sofar,thekidneyprocedurehasonlybeenusedsuccessfullywithsheep,butthereishopethatonedaysimilarkidneywillbeimplantableinahumanpatient.Thecontinuingresearchofscientistssuchasthesemayeventuallymake1、Inthelatestfieldofregenerativemedicine,whatarereplacementpartsmadeof?A.Donatedcells,tissuesandorgans.B.Rejectedcells,tissuesandorgans.D.Cells,tissuesandorgansmadeofsteel.2、Whathavescientistsexperimentedsuccessfullyonforabioartificialkidney?3、Whyisgenerativemedicineconsideredinnovative?A.Itwillprovidepatientswithreplacementsofttissues.C.Itwillshortenthetimepatientswaitingforadonatedorgan.D.Itwillmakepatientslivelongerwithbioartificialorgans.ThefirstorganizedsystemforsendingmessagesbeganinEgyptaround1500B.C.ThissystemdevelopedbecausethepharaohsfrequentlyneededtosendmessagesupanddowntheNileRiverinordertokeeptheirempirerunningsmoothly.Later,thePersiansdevelopedamoreefficientsystemforsendingmessagesusingmenandhorses.MessagescarriersrodealongtheroadsystemstretchingfromoneendofthePersianEmpiretotheother.Alongtheseroads,freshmenandhorseswaitedatspecialstationstotakeandpassalonganymessagesthatneededtobesent.Thestationswhereriderspassedmessagesbackandforthwerebuilt23kilometersapart,sothemenandhorseswereabletotravelquicklybetweenthem.TheRomanslatertookuphisideaandimproveditbyusingamoreadvancedandextensiveroadsystem.InChina,however,KublaiKhanhadbuiltuphisownsystemfordeliveringmessages.ThissystemworkedinthesamebasicwayastheRomansystem.ThedifferencewasthatKublaiKhankept300,000horsesalongtheroadsofthisdeliverylines.Therewereover10,000stationswhereamessagewouldbepassedfromoneridertoanotherwithafreshhorse.Inthisway,KublaiKhancouldreceivemessagesfromanywhereinthecountryinonlyafewdays.Itwasnotuntilthe1500sthatawell-organizedpostalsystemappearedagaininEurope.Onefamily,thevonTaxisfamily,gainedtherighttodelivermailfortheHolyRomanEmpireandpartsofSpain.Thisfamilycontinuedtocarrymail,bothgovernmentandprivate,throughoutEuropeforalmost300years.In1653,aFrenchman,RenouarddeVelayer,establishedasystemfordeliveringpostinParis.Postalchargesatthattimewerepaidbytherecipient,butdeVelayer'ssystemwasuniquebyallowingthesendertopre-paythecharges,inasimilarwaytothemodernstamp.Unfortunately,deVelayer'ssystemcametoanendwhenjealouscompetitorsputlivemiceinhisletterboxes,ruininghisbusiness.Eventually,government-controlledpostalsystemstookoverfromprivatepostalbusinesses,andbythe1700sgovernmentownershipofmostpostalsystemsinEuropewasanacceptedfactoflife.Thethingthatalltheseearlysystemshadincommonwasthattheywerequiteexpensiveforpublicuse,andwereintendedforusebythegovernmentandthewealthy.However,in1840,aBritishschoolteachernamedRolandHillsuggestedintroducingpostagestamps,andapostalratebasedonweight.Thisresultedinloweringpostalrates,encouragingmorepeopletousethesystemtostayintouchwitheachother,HisideahelpedtheBritishpostalsystembegintoearnprofitsasearlyas1850.SoonafterthatmanyothercountriestookupMr.Hill'sidea.Andletterwriting1、Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Howinternationalletterstravel.C.Thehistoryofpostalsystems.B.Asurprisingmethodfordeliveringmail.D.Changesinthemethodsofcommunication.2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutRenouarddeVelayeristrue?A.Hiswasagovernment-controlledsystem.B.Hiscompetitorsdestroyedhisbusiness.C.Hissystemlastedforhundredsofyears.D.Inhissystem,thepersonwhoreceivedtheletterpaidthepostagefees.3、Whichofthesystemsmentionedinthepassagewasmostlikethepostalsystemtoday?4、WhatwasRolandHill'sgreatestachievement?A.Hemadeletterwritingaccessibletotheaverageperson.B.HemadealotofmoneyfortheBritishpostalsystem.C.Hemadestampcollectingapopularhobby.D.Hewonanawardforletterwriting.Thisweek,amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout2mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite,who"Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup,"BristletellsAnnArborNews."Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost."AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight,BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.mammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans,hesays,whokilleditWoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica,andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademiseweakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.1、HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?2、Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Driedtheirbones.C.Destroyedtheirhome.D.Preservedtheirmeat.26.30分)Thankstoacombinationofyoungbusinessmen,largenumbersofuniversitystudentsandrevitalization(新ofyouthfulexuberance(繁茂)that,thecity,aboomingcityof6.5milliononthebanksoftheYangtzeRiversome185mileswestofShanghai,bearstheworstcrueltyandviolenceofWorldWarII.resemblancetotheformercapitalofChinathatsufferedNanjinghasshownaremarkablecapacityforreinventionduringits2,500-yearhistory.Andinrecentyears,thethankstoimprovedgroundtraveltimebetweentransportation:AnewbullettrainlinkingNanjingandShanghaistartedservicelastyear,thecitiesfromseveralhourstojust75minutes,andaBeijing-Shanghaihigh-speedlineistoopenlaterthisyear,withastopinNanjing.Withinthecity,twometrolineswerebuiltinthelastfewyears;15moreareplannedtobeginwealthandoptimismcanbeseeneverywhere.IntheheartofthedowntownXinjiekoudistrict,abronzestatueofSunYat-sen,ThereisperhapsnomorethefatherofmodernChina,looksoffices,restaurantsandanInterContinentalhotel,thetoweristhesecond-tallestthatopeneditsdoorslastMay.buildinginChinaandbilledastheseventh-tallestintheworld.UnderlyingallthisdevelopmentisalargeChineseandstudentpopulation—thereareseveralmajorOnalarger,localgovernmentofficialsandprivateinvestorsarepushingthecityasarisingcenterforcontemporaryartandarchitecture,hopingtoattractfromtheneon-bathedstreetsofitsneighborShanghai.2、A.unforgettableB.unthinkableC.unbearableD.unnecessary7、A.inadditionB.inallC.inpartD.infact8、A.startedB.enlargedC.existedD.accelerated10、A.scheduledB.inventedC.desiredD.meant12、A.thoughtB.treatedC.consideredD.elected14、A.remoteB.regionalC.ruralD.commercial15、A.universalB.visibleC.traditionalD.political17、A.BritishB.westernC.AmericanD.foreign18、A.springupB.standupC.setupD.keepup20、A.businessmenB.studentsC.touristsD.painters27.15分)Thereisagoodnewforastrophiles.Thelastfullmoonof2017isgoingtoappearalittlebiggerandbrighterthanmost.Dec.3willbringasupermoon,1.(mean)afullmoonthathappensatperigee—thesametimethatthemoonisclosesttotheearth.2.thisparticularoccasion,themoonwillappear
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