高考英语二轮复习定语从句教案

辅导教案usedbyJackMa学习目标高考定语从句的用法以及易错点高考阅读理解的解题方法教学内容〔定语从句〕【学问梳理】定语从句讲析〔Theattributiveclause)一、关键词1.定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：关系词用来引导定语从句。关系词有关系代词和关系副词之分，关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when，where,why等，关系词可以1〕代替先行词；2〕引导定语从句；3)在定语从句中担当一个成分，如：Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.句中thecar为先行词；which是关系词引导是定语从句whichmyunclehadjustbought，同时代替先行词thecar在定语从句中作主语。二、关系代词和关系副词〔relativepronounandrelativeadverb)relativepronounswhich,that,who,whom,whose,asrelativeadverbswhen,where,why三、规那么：/that:先行词指物，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。YesterdayIboughthimthebook(that/which)hewantedforalongtime.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.Thisisthestorythat/whichIwroteforourstorytellingpetition.Allmyclassmatesenjoyedthecakethat/whichImade.以下状况只用that不用which:1〕先行词为不定代词one,none,all,few，little,much,everything,nothing,anything。但假如先行词是指人的不定代词，如everyone/everybody,none,someone/somebody,noone/nobody,anyone/anybody,those,all那么必需用who引导定语从句Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Everything(thatyouhavetodoistopracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Thosewhowanttoseethemovie,pleasesignuphere.Anyonewhowantstoseethemoviecangetafreeticket2〕先行词被最高级，序数词以及thevery,theonly,thelast修饰，只用thatThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thisistheverypenthatwaslostyesterday.ThisisthelastthingthatIwanttodo.3〕先行词被不定代词all，every,any,each,few,little,no,some,等修饰，用thatI'vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.4〕先行词既指人又指物，用thatTheytalkedforanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.5〕假如主句有疑问词who,which，为防止重复，关系代词用thatWhoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?Whichofthebooksthatwereboughtwillbesenttohim?留意：以下状况用which不用that1〕非限制性定语从句Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.Sheisverypatientwithherchild,whichherhusbandseldomis.Hestudiesverybandatschool,whichmakeshisparentshappy.2〕介词之后Wevisitedthehouseinwhichheoncelived.Mygrandfatherlosthisglasses,withoutwhichhecan'tseethingsclearly.Doyouknowthemanwho/whom/thattalkedwithmejustnow?I’mgoingtoseeafriendwhohasjustebackfromtheUK.Thegirlwholivesnextdoortomeisthetallestinmyclass.shewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishLiterature.Idon'tknowtheteacherwho/whomIsawintheputerroomtheotherday.Thestudentwho/whomwemetattheschoolgateisfromAmerica.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest留意：介词之后只能用whom例如：HeisthemanwithwhomIshookhandsatthemeetingse指人指物都可以。在从句中作主语或宾语的定语。指物时，经常可以用ofwhich代替Pleaseshowmetheboywhosefatherdiedintheaccident.Thehousewhosedoorfacessouthismine.=Thehousethedoorofwhichfacessouthismine.=Thehouseofwhichthedoorfacessouthismine.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenameisDiana.TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.Sheisthegirlwhosephotoswearelookingat.4.as特点：①经常引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。②它的先行词是整个句子。as从句可以放先行词前面或后面，经常翻译成“正知.….〞、“就象.……一样〞Asisknowntousall,you'vegottwoprizesinthismilitarytraining.Asisknowntousall,sheisagoodstudent.=Asweallknow,sheisagoodstudent.=Sheisagoodstudent,asweallknow,asisknowntousallAsisnatural,hefoldmethetruth.=Hetoldmethetruth,as/whichisnatural.Asweexpected,ourteambeatalltheotherteamsinthisfootballgame.留意点：①先行词被thesame或者被such修饰，用as引导定语从句，这种状况，as引导限制性定语Ihavethesamebooksasyoureadtheotherday.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.②ThisisthesamepenasIlostafewdaysago.比拟:ThisisthesamepenthatIlostafewdaysago.sucha/an+adj+that....;so+adj.+a/an+n.….as和such...that...=so+adj+a/an+n...that..的区分Ourteachergaveussuchadifficultquestionasnoneofuscananswer.Ourteachergaveussuchadifficultquestionthatnoneofuscananswerit.四、relativeadverbswhen,where,why在定语从句中，分别作时间、地点和缘由状语。I'llneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.Doyoustillrememberthefarmwherewestayedforsometimein1992?ThatisthereasonwhyIdidn'tgotothetheatrelastnight留意：①关系副词都可以用介词+which替代。②定语从句中，缺少主语、宾语或表语，即使先行词表示时间、地点和缘由，仍旧必需用关系代词which或that。Istillrememberthedays(which/that)Ispentonthefarm.比拟Istillrememberthedayswhen/inwhichIworkedwiththefarmersThisisthefactory(which/that)theforeignersvisitedlastyear.比拟:Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichtheforeignersonceworked.Thisisthereason(which/that)hegavemeforhisabsence.比拟:Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsent.③关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词在人称和数上要与先行词保持全都。I,whoamyourteacher,willhelpyouwithyourEnglish.You,whoareaLeaguemember,shouldtaketheleadineverything.④oneofthe+名词复数；定语从句中谓语动词用复数。Heisoneofthestudentswholikeplayingfootballinyourclass.theway(that/inwhich)...…Thisistheway(that/inwhich)Iworkedouttheproblem.Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktome.、⑤以下名词后用whereI’veetothepointwhereIcan'tstandhim.Thecountryisinasituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.Let'sthinkofasituationwherethisidiomcanbeused.Haveyoueverhadsuchacasewhereyouareblamedfornoreasons?【例题精讲】1.Thereason____Ican’teisthatIhavetopreparefortheingexam.2.Shestudiedhardatschoolwhenshewasyoung,____contributestohersuccessinhercareer.3.Aninvestigationwasmadeintotheaccident,________fiftypeoplewerekilled.4.I’vegotabottleofbeer,butlhaven'tgotanything______Icanopenitwith.5.Writerscanaccuratelydescribeobjects_____haveneverseen.【稳固练习】1.Itwasn’tsuchagoodpresent____hehadpromisedme2.Perhapsthedaywille__________peoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincities.3.Evidencecameup______surprisedeverybodyonthescene.4.Theperson______youweretalkingtowasanAmerican.5.Einsteinwasoneofthegreatestmen______everlived.依据句意及所给提示拼写单词。1.Thiskindofexerciseismostc______andthereforeitisagoodtestofyourstudents’ability.2.Ata_________,theheadmasterwilltellusaboutthesportsmeetingnextFriday.3.Ishallstudyl_________inauniversityasIwanttobeawriterinthefuture.4.Whatwearedoingtodayismorethan_______(捐赠〕somemoney.5.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer______thepapersarekept.6.Hemadeanotherdiscoveryof________greatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.whichIthinkis7.Manymarriedwomanmanagetogoouttoworkand_____ahomeaswell.A.madeB.doC.getD.run8.Thatisoneofthemostinterestingquestions_________asked.A.thatwereB.thathavebeenC.whichwasD.thatwas9.Johnisanmanofmuch______andhehadalotofinteresting________inhislife.A.experience;experiences B.experiences;experienceC.experience;experience D.experiences;experiences10.Ihavemanybooks,someof_____areonchemistry.A.themB.thatC.whichD.those根底夯实1.havenoexperienceindoing..…没有….的阅历2.attendassembly/ameeting参与集会、会议3.earnrespectfrom..…新得.….的敬重4.devoteoneselfto献身于，专注于5.achievehighgrades取得好的成果，高分6.onaverage平均7.abitchallenging有些挑战性8.befondof宠爱，宠爱9.lookbackon回忆10.withsatisfaction满足地11.introduce..…to…向…介绍…12.(much〕morethan…不仅仅13.〔be〕available〔or.…〕可利用的15.developaninterestindong.…增养..〔方面〕的爱好16.referto.….意指17.leaveout..….省略18.inform.…of../that.…遍知…、告知…19.makepreparationsfor…为.…做些预备二、回忆一下什么是定语从句？关系代词和关系副词的用法分别是什么？(2020·全国卷Ⅰ63)Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)InancientChinalivedanartist_________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.(2019·全国Ⅱ62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019Ⅲ)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ66)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全国Ⅱ69)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2018·北京，5)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.(2018·天津，2)Kate,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.(2018·江苏，23)Selfdriving

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startingline.(2018·浙江，57)ManywesternersetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，70)Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，________isnotgoodforthehealth.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，44)HerfatherPeter,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull－time.ButSarah，________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·北京，31)Thelittleproblems_________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions。(2017·天津，9)Myeldestson___________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNYatthemoment.(2017·江苏，28)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof__________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·浙江，31)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot

sweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,

64itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s,________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)Simonisaedianandactor________has10years’experienceofteachingedy.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostof___________haveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius，__________livedfromroughly551to479B．C,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ，完形)WhenIwas13,myonlypurposewastobeethestaronourfootballteam.ThatmeantbeatingoutMillerKing,________wasthebestplayeratourschool.(2016·北京，22)Ilivenextdoortoacouple_________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·四川，阅读C)Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,__________allowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.(2016·四川，阅读D)Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk〞containsmoremelatonin(褪黑激素),___________hasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.(2016·江苏，23)Manyyoungpeople,mostof___________werewell－educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2016·浙江，11)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________hasbeenproved.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ，64)I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver________arepicturedbyartists...Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon_________schooleducationdepends.[15安徽]ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.[15福建]Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.[15江苏]Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime__________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.[15陕西]Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.[15天津].Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof_________werepublishedinthe1990s.[15重庆]Thebooksonthedesk,__________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.[15四川]OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,____________youcanhearsomelovelymusic[15.北京]Creatinganatmosphere______________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.[15浙江].Itisatrulydelightfulplace,____________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.[15湖南]1.where2whose20191.which2.who/that20183.which/that4.which/that5.which6.whose7.where8.who/that20179.which10.who11.that/which12.whose13.whose14.where201615.when16.who/that17.which18.who19.who20．whose21．which22.Which23．what→which/that或去掉what24．whom25．which201526.which27.which28.which29.as30.when31.wherewhich33.whose34.where/inwhich35.where36.whichII.【语法填词】〔2020陕西渭南尚德中学三上其次次月考〕AccordingtoChinesespeakingpractice,lionisaspecialanimaltoChinesepeople.Apairofstonelions,amale61______afemale,are62______(mon)seeninfrontofthegatesoftraditionalbuilding.Thelion63______(regard)asthekingintheanimalworld,so64______(it)imagesrepresentpowerandprestige.Thestonelionsarealsousedtoindicatetheranksofofficials.ItisinterestingtonotethatChinahadnolionsoriginally.Theearlieststonelionsweresculpted65________thebeginningoftheEasternHanDynastyfromA.D.25to220with66______introductionofBuddhism(佛教)intoancientChina.IntheBuddhistfaith,thelion,67________canprotectthetruthandkeepoffevils,isconsideredadivineanimalofnoblenessanddignity.InChinesefolktales,thelionhasbeeasymbolof68______(brave),powerandgoodluck.Itwasalsopopulartodecoratebridgeswithstonesculptedlionsforthedefendingreason.The69________(well)knownofbridgesistheLugouqiao,70______(build)from1189to1192.阅读理解WhenitestoThanksgiving,turkeymaybethefirstthingthatestomind.It’stherightpicture,butit’snotplete.CelebratedonthefourthThursdayofNovembereveryyear,Nov28in2013,ThanksgivingDayisatimeforthanksgivingandfeasts(盛宴).It’saboutexpressingyourgratitudetotheimportantpeopleandallthegoodthingsinyourlife.HereweintroduceafewoftheritualstraditionalcustomsAmericanstypicallyfollowonthisday.PART1:FamilyreunionsandshowinggratitudeLikeChina’sSpringFestival,preparingabigmealandbringingthefamilytogetherathomeisalongstandingtraditionofThanksgiving.Distancesdon’treallymatterasrelativesreturnhometobewiththeirfamily,nomatterhowfaraway.Undoubtedly,turkeyisthemaincourseofThanksgivingdinner.ThoughthereisnoevidencetoprovethatturkeywaseatenduringthefirstThanksgivingdinner,mostagreethatthedinnerwouldbeinpletewithoutit.AsurveyconductedbytheUS’NationalTurkeyFederationin2012showsthat91percentofAmericanseatturkeyandmorethan306millionkilogramsofturkeyareeatenonThanksgivingDay.Otherdishestypicallyfoundondinnertablesinalmosteveryhousearepumpkinpies,corn,fallvegetables,olives,cranberrysauce,stuffingandmashedpotatoes.Atthemeal,manyfamiliesfollowtheusual.customoftakingturnstoexpresswhateachmemberisthankfulfor.PART2: WhilefeastsmakeThanksgivingafestivalforeachfamilies,parades()makeitacarnival(狂欢节)forthewholenation.VariousparadesareheldinmanycitiestohonorThanksgiving.OneofthelargestisNewYork’sThanksgivingDayParade,whichisnowcalledMacy’sThanksgivingDayParade.Startedin1924,morethan2millionpeopleattendtheparadeeveryyear. Importantfeatures(特点)oftheparadearethemedfloats,scenesfromBroadwayplays,largeballoonsofcartooncharactersandTVpersonalities,andhighschoolma