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米宝宝科技2023年职称英语-职称英语(理工类)考试备考题库附带答案题目一二三四五六总分得分第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)HowAnimalsKeepWarmManhasinventedwaystokeepwarm,buthowdoanimalsdefendthemselves?Theycannotreasoninthesensethatmancan,butnaturehastakencareoftheanimalkingdombyprovidinganimalswithspecialinstincts(本能).Oneoftheseinstinctsisknownashibernation(冬眠)."Sleepinglikeadormouse(榛睡鼠)”isnotonlyacommonsayingbutisareality.Whenwintercomes,thedormouseandotherhibernatinganimalshavereachedawellnourishedstate.Theyeatverywellinwarmerdayslayingdownfatinthetissuesoftheirbodiesandduringhibernationthiskeepsthemalive.Safeintheirnests,orburrows(地洞),theysleepsoundlyuntilthewarmthofspringarrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,eveninsectslikebutterflies,hibernatemoreorlesscompletely.Some,likethesquirrels(松鼠),sleepduringcoldestweatherbutareroused(弄醒)byawarmspell(暖流).Duringhibernation,thetemperatureofananimal’sbodydropsdrastically.Breathingandheart-beatsalmostcease.Anotherinstinctivemethodofavoidingintensecoldrstoescapebymeansofmigration.Wildswans,seagulls,swallowsandcuckoosareafewoftheverymanykindsofbirdswhichflythousandsofmiles,twiceayear,toavoidcold.Manyanimals,especiallythoseoftheArcticregions,havesummerandwinterquarters.TheArcticdeerofNorthAmerica,aswellasthereindeer(驯鹿)ofEurope,movesouthwardtowardstheforestswhenwinterapproaches.Theyreturntothenorthernareawhenthewarmthofspringbeginstobesensed.Thereareanimalswhichdonotattempttoleaveatthefirstsignofwintercold.Theirinstinctivemeansofdefenseistodigoutadeepburrow,madeitsoftandwarmbypadding(填塞)outwithstraw,leaves,mossandfur.Inittheyhavea“secretplace”containingfoodwhichtheyhopewilllastthewinterthrough!AnimalswhichfallintothisclassincludetheArcticfox,therabbitandthelittlefield-mouse.HowdoestheArcticfoxsurviveinwinter?A.Itleavesitsburrowandmigratestoawarmerland.B.ItsleepssoundlyinsideitsburrowinwinterC.Itlivesonrabbitsorfieldmice.D.Itstaysinitsburrowandlivesonthefoodstoredthere.2.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Sheachievedsuccesswithdiligence.A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took3.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Theexpeditionreachedthe→summit←at10:30thatmorning.A.bottomofthemountainB.footofthemountainC.topofthemountainD.startingpoint4.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Animal’s“SixthSense”
Atsunami(海啸)wastriggered(引发)byanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember,
2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wil
animals,
___________(1),seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.
Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa“sixthsense”for________(2),expertssaid.
SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongthe
IndianOceanisland’scoastclearly____________(3)wildbeasts,withnodead
animalsfound.
“Noelephantsaredead,not____________(4)adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan
—__________(5)disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsare
happening,”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartment,said
aboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The___________(6)washedfloodwatersupto
2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravaged(被毁坏的)southeast,SriLanka’s
biggestwildlife____________(7)andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveral
leopards(豹).
"Therehasbeen____________(8)apparentevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirds
migratingbeforevolcaniceruptions(火山爆发)orearthquakes.Butithasnotbeen
proven,”saidMatthewvanLierop,ananimalbehavior____________(9)atJohannesburg
Zoo.
“Therehavebeenno____________(10)studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitin.a
laborfieldsetting,”hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurred(同意)withthis
______(11).
“Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain____________(12),especiallybirds...
therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpending(迫近的)disasters,”saidClive
Walker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.
Animals____________(13)relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingto
avoiddangersuchaspredators(食肉动物).
Thenotionofananimal“sixthsense’’—or→
←→
←(14)othermythical
power—isanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravaged(荒凉的)coastis
likelytoadd→
←(15).(4)→
←Asuch
B
too
Cso
Deven5.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Allthecarsaretestedfor→defects←beforeleavingthefactory.A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts6.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)
WideWorldofRobots
Engineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修补)withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.
WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.
Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形).“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,"Chosetconcluded.
AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsa丨somovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon’t,suchasrolling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapond
andevenclimbaflagpole.
ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?
ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs.
AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonpeople.
Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam’screations,“Istilldon’tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,Chosetsays.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned7.(单项选择题)(每题1.70分)共用题干TheImpactofAntarcticOzoneHoleTheAntarcticozone(臭氧)holeischangingweatherpatternsacrosstheSouthernHemisphere(半球),evenaffectingthetropics,scientistshaveconcluded.Thescientists______(51)thenewstudyaddedtheozoneholeintostandardclimatemodelsto_______(52)howitmighthaveaffectedwindsandrains.Theysayrainfallhasmovedfurthersouthtowardsthepoleandtheeffecthasbeen_______(53)strongoverAustralia.Andof_______(54)interestwasthesouthwardoftheSouthernHemispherejetstream.Thesehigh一altitudewindsare_______(55)todeterminingweatherpatterns,inbothhemispheres.MuchofthecoldweatherfeltintheUK_______(56)thelastcoupleofwinters,for
example,wascausedbyblockingoftheNorthernHemispherestream.Theteamfoundthatoverall,theozoneholehas_______(57)inrainfallmovingsouthalongwiththewinds._______(58)thereareregionaldifferences,particularlyconcerningAustralia.Intermsoftheaverageforthatzone,theozonehole_______(59)abouta10%change一butforAustralia,it'sabout35%.Theirmodelingindicatedthatglobalwarming_______(60)greenhousegasemissionsisalsoafactorinchangingrainfallpatterns.、Naturalclimatecyclesarealsothoughttobeimportanthere,asdifferentrainfallpatternswere_______(61)intheerabeforeozonedepletion(消耗)andlate20thCenturywarming.Althoughthe_______(62)internationalorganizationhassignificantlycheckedemissionsofharmfulsubstances,they_______(63)fordecadesintheatmosphere,andsotheireffectsarestillbeingfelt.Earlier,andinternationalorganizationforecastthateventheAntarcticozonehole一whichismoreseverethanits_______(64)in
theNorthernHemisphere一shouldbe_______(65)by2045—2060._________(65)A.repeatedB.reproducedC.replacedD.repaired8.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第1?4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5,
6段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第5?8题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Robots
1Themostsophisticated(先进的)Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandwork
atvery
highspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularly
computer
controlsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.
2Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandling
objects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding(焊接),spraypaintingand
assemblingcomponents.
3InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince,
ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveand
partlybebauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthe
difficulties
ofintroducingthemeffectively.
4Ithas
beencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythana
humanto
doanequivalentjob.
5Itisestimated20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.Thisisan
enormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterial
publishedinJapan.
6ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetween
failures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday
(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears).Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormal
procedureofjusttestingasmallsample.
7ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclafmedbyJapanesecompaniesisthat
theyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyand
consistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume
→
←.AtoomuchenergyBbasedonAmericandesignsCtheyaretoocostlyDtheyarenotreliableEgoodtoqualitycontrolFfreeofcharge9.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Jack→consumes←apoundofcheeseaday.A.eatsB.drinksC.buysD.produces10.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathlete→breaks←apreviousrecordofperformance.A.beatsB.destroysC.maintainsD.defends11.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)
LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性气体)1
Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled-Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumis
safebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2
Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,
theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3
Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4
Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis"unfilled"ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.5
Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)
.MRIallowsthedoctorto"see"thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.
Paragraph
4→
←AWhatarenoblegases?BWhatistheperiodictable?CWhatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?DHowwerenoblegasesdiscovered?EHowwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?FWhataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?12.(不定项选择题)(每题1.70分)RisingCollegeSelectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationoftheindustry.
Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherebecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentials(证书)andonehopes,
theknowledgeandskillsbehindthecredentials一thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhatcomesnaturally:raisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenational
goaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.Theincreasingstratification(阶层化)ofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewiththe
responsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrowneven
moredramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,we
can'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminourcountryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmore
selective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.Thepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturn
Americatoapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmoremoney,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Whatdoestheauthorthinkshouldbemodified?A.Theselectivityofeliteinstitutions.B.Theindustrializationofeducation.C.Thegoalofeducationattainment.D.Thegovernment'sfundingstrategy.13.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Poorhealth
andlack
ofmoneymayboth
beto
educational
progress
roadblocks.A.restraintsB.stainsC.scarcitiesD.barriers14.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。 SuccessStories
OneofthemostsuccessfulfashioncompaniesintheworldisBenetton.TheBenetton
familyopenedtheirfirstshopinItalyin1968.→______←(1)Benettonfollowedfour
marketingprinciplesinordertoachievetheirsuccess.
ThefirstprincipleisConsumerConcept.Tobuildasuccessfulbusiness,youhaveto
developproductsaroundthingspeoplevalue,especiallyquality.
____________(2)He
createdclothestomatchpeople’swants:thestyleiscasual;thecolorsandpatternsare
bold;andthequalityisexcellent.
TheSystemLinkisanotherfeatureofgoodmarketing.ForBenetton,thismeans
waitingtogetinformationaboutwhatcustomerslikeandwhattheydislikebeforemakingthe
clothes.___________(3)
TheInformationLinkmeansmakingsurethecompanyrespondsquicklytopeople’s
demands.
____________(4)ThisinformationisthensenttothemainofficeinItaly.
Benettoncanusethisinformationtoidentifypopularproductsandtocontinuemakingthem;
itcanalsoidentifylesspopularproductsandstopmakingthem.
AfinalimportantmarketingprincipleistheRetailLink.ThereareBenenttonstoresin
countriesaroundtheworld.Allthestoreshavethesameclothing,thesamewindow
displays,andthesameapproachtosales.
____________(5)
ThethingspeoplelikeaboutBenettonstoresarethatthequalityisalwayshighandthe
pricesaregenerallylow.Andthatspellssuccess.(1)→
←A
ThefounderofBenettonbeganbyaskingpeoplewhattheywanted.B
Thereusedtobeagoodreasonforthis.C
WhensomethingissoldataBenettonstore,thestorerecordsinformationaboutthe
type,size,andcoloroftheitem.D
Today,thereareBenettonshopsinmajorcitiesallovertheworld.E
ThismeansthatcustomerscangointoanyBenettonstoreintheworldandbesureof
whattheyarebuying.F
Inotherwords,Benetton’sclothesaremadetoorder.15.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Please
give
my
best
wishes
to
your
family.A.noticesB.attentionC.regardsD.cares16.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Maryis→looking←forthebookshelostyesterday.Atryingtofind
Btryingtoread
Ctryingtobuy
Dtryingtoborrow17.(单项选择题)(每题1.70分)共用题干ImproveYourMemoryTomanypeopleadvancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory.Butisitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember?Well,astimegoesby,wetendtoblameageforproblemsthatarenotnecessarilyage-related.Whenateenagercan'tfindherkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized,buta70-year-oldblameshermemory.Infact,the70-year-oldmay
havebeenmisplacingthingsfordecades一likewealldofromtimetotime.Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tdeteriorateasquicklyasmanyofusthink.Accordingtopsychologists,asweage,ourmemorymechanismisn'tbroken,it'sjustdifferent.Thebrain'sprocessingtimeslowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactlywhy.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyandthatthere'slessactivityinthepartofthebrainthatdecideswhethertostoreinformationornot.Butit'snotclearthatlessactivityisworse.Abeginningathlete
iswinded.moreeasilythanatrainedathlete.Inthesameway,asthebraingetsmoreskilledatatask,itspendslessenergyonit.Therearestepsyoucantaketoimproveyourmemory,thoughyouhavetoworktokeepyourbraininshape.It'slikehavingagoodbody.Youcan'tgotothe
gymonceayearandexpecttostayintopform.SomememoryenhancementexpertssuggestusingtheAMprinciple.Payattentiontowhatyouwanttoremember.Thengivesomemeaningtoit.Werememberthingswhenwefocusonthem,whetherweintendtoornot.Thathelpsexplainwhyjinglesstickinourminds.Theyareplayedonloud,flashyTVcommercials.
Theyalsouserhymeandmusictohelpusrememberbetter.Basicorganizationhelpsusremembertheboringstuff.Forexample,ratherthantryingtorecallarandomlistofgroceries,wecandividethemintocategories,
suchasdairy,meatandproduce.Forimportantthingslikekeysandmoney,wecansetupa"forget-me-not"spotwherewealwayskeepthem.Wecanalsoeattoaidourmemorypower.Wholegrains,fruitsandvegetablesareexcellentsourcesofglucose,thebrain'spreferredfuel.Anotherlow-techwaytoimprovememoryistogetadequaterest.Sleepmayallowourbraintimetoencodememories.Interestinfriends,familyandhobbiesdoeswondersforourmemory.Asenseofpassionorpurposehelpsusremember.Memoryrequiresustopayattentiontoourlives,allowingustodiscoverinthemeverythingworthremembering.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmemoryproblemsarenotreallyage-related.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Thedirectorproposedthatweshouldstopthemeeting.A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced19.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakesInthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude(量)5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandscaredmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.ResearchersattheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)estimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesoccurgloballyeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanythembecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude.scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers(地震仪).Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations(震颤)producedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates(构造板块).TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust(外壳),sometimesmanykilometersthick.Often,edgesoftheseplatestemporarilybcktogether.Whenplatespushandscrape(擦)pasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumble(轰轰作响)throughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these"mid-plate"smallearthquakescandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexampleshittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur. Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople’sawareness.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakesInthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude(量)5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandscaredmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.ResearchersattheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)estimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesoccurgloballyeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthembecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude.Scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers(地震仪).Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations(震颤)producedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates(构造板块)TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust(夕卜壳),sometimesmanykilometersthick.Often,edgesoftheseplatestemporarilylocktogether.Whenplatespushandscrape(擦)pasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumble(轰轰作响)throughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these“mid-plate”smallearthquakescandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexampleshittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonicplates.ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned21.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)
SaveEnergyAtHomeOntheaverage,Americanswasteasmuchenergyastwo-thirdsoftheworld’s
populationconsumes.That’slargelythe_______(51)ofdrivingineffticintcars,using
inefficientappliances(设备),andlivingandworkinginpoorlyinsulated(隔热)buildings.Thenwhatcanyoudoto_______(52)thesituation?Buyenergy-efficientproducts—btiynewappliancesorelectronicsofthehighestenergy-efficiencyrating.Newenergy-efficientmodelsmaycostmoreinitially,buthavea
loweroperating_______(53)overtheirlifetimes.
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