2023年职称英语-职称英语(理工类)考试备考题库附带答案卷5

米宝宝科技2023年职称英语-职称英语(理工类)考试备考题库附带答案题目一二三四五六总分得分第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)HowAnimalsKeepWarmManhasinventedwaystokeepwarm，buthowdoanimalsdefendthemselves?Theycannotreasoninthesensethatmancan,butnaturehastakencareoftheanimalkingdombyprovidinganimalswithspecialinstincts（本能）.Oneoftheseinstinctsisknownashibernation（冬眠）."Sleepinglikeadormouse（榛睡鼠）”isnotonlyacommonsayingbutisareality.Whenwintercomes,thedormouseandotherhibernatinganimalshavereachedawellnourishedstate.Theyeatverywellinwarmerdayslayingdownfatinthetissuesoftheirbodiesandduringhibernationthiskeepsthemalive.Safeintheirnests,orburrows（地洞），theysleepsoundlyuntilthewarmthofspringarrives.Bats,tortoises,snakes,frogs,eveninsectslikebutterflies,hibernatemoreorlesscompletely.Some,likethesquirrels(松鼠），sleepduringcoldestweatherbutareroused（弄醒）byawarmspell（暖流）.Duringhibernation，thetemperatureofananimal’sbodydropsdrastically.Breathingandheart-beatsalmostcease.Anotherinstinctivemethodofavoidingintensecoldrstoescapebymeansofmigration.Wildswans,seagulls,swallowsandcuckoosareafewoftheverymanykindsofbirdswhichflythousandsofmiles,twiceayear,toavoidcold.Manyanimals,especiallythoseoftheArcticregions,havesummerandwinterquarters.TheArcticdeerofNorthAmerica,aswellasthereindeer（驯鹿）ofEurope,movesouthwardtowardstheforestswhenwinterapproaches.Theyreturntothenorthernareawhenthewarmthofspringbeginstobesensed.Thereareanimalswhichdonotattempttoleaveatthefirstsignofwintercold.Theirinstinctivemeansofdefenseistodigoutadeepburrow,madeitsoftandwarmbypadding（填塞）outwithstraw,leaves,mossandfur.Inittheyhavea“secretplace”containingfoodwhichtheyhopewilllastthewinterthrough!AnimalswhichfallintothisclassincludetheArcticfox,therabbitandthelittlefield-mouse.HowdoestheArcticfoxsurviveinwinter?A.Itleavesitsburrowandmigratestoawarmerland.B.ItsleepssoundlyinsideitsburrowinwinterC.Itlivesonrabbitsorfieldmice.D.Itstaysinitsburrowandlivesonthefoodstoredthere.2.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Sheachievedsuccesswithdiligence.A.reachedB.reapedC.attainedD.took3.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Theexpeditionreachedthe→summit←at10：30thatmorning.A.bottomofthemountainB.footofthemountainC.topofthemountainD.startingpoint4.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Animal’s“SixthSense”

Atsunami（海啸）wastriggered（引发）byanearthquakeintheIndianOceaninDecember,

2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wil

animals,

___________(1)，seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.

Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthattheypossessa“sixthsense”for________(2)，expertssaid.

SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongthe

IndianOceanisland’scoastclearly____________(3)wildbeasts,withnodead

animalsfound.

“Noelephantsaredead，not____________(4)adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan

—__________(5)disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsare

happening，”H.D.Ratnayake，deputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartment，said

aboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The___________(6)washedfloodwatersupto

2milesinlandatYalaNationalParkintheravaged（被毁坏的）southeast,SriLanka’s

biggestwildlife____________(7)andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveral

leopards（豹）.

"Therehasbeen____________(8)apparentevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirds

migratingbeforevolcaniceruptions（火山爆发）orearthquakes.Butithasnotbeen

proven,”saidMatthewvanLierop，ananimalbehavior____________(9)atJohannesburg

Zoo.

“Therehavebeenno____________(10)studiesbecauseyoucan’treallytestitin.a

laborfieldsetting,”hetoldReuters.Otherauthoritiesconcurred（同意）withthis

______(11).

“Wildlifeseemtobeabletopickupcertain____________(12),especiallybirds...

therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingimpending（迫近的）disasters，”saidClive

Walker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.

Animals____________(13)relyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingto

avoiddangersuchaspredators（食肉动物）.

Thenotionofananimal“sixthsense’’—or→

←→

←(14)othermythical

power—isanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka’sravaged（荒凉的）coastis

likelytoadd→

←(15).（4）→

←Asuch

B

too

Cso

Deven5.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Allthecarsaretestedfor→defects←beforeleavingthefactory.A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts6.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)

WideWorldofRobots

Engineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker（修补）withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.

WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains，animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later，inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.

Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots，hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward，backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist（扭曲）inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain（地形）.“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars，"Chosetconcluded.

AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon，Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes，suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsa丨somovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon’t,suchasrolling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl（爬行）throughthegrass，swiminapond

andevenclimbaflagpole.

ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries，thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest，cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?

ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati，aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool，toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs.

AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonpeople.

Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam’screations，“Istilldon’tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,Chosetsays.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned7.(单项选择题)(每题1.70分)共用题干TheImpactofAntarcticOzoneHoleTheAntarcticozone（臭氧）holeischangingweatherpatternsacrosstheSouthernHemisphere（半球）,evenaffectingthetropics,scientistshaveconcluded.Thescientists______(51)thenewstudyaddedtheozoneholeintostandardclimatemodelsto_______(52)howitmighthaveaffectedwindsandrains.Theysayrainfallhasmovedfurthersouthtowardsthepoleandtheeffecthasbeen_______(53)strongoverAustralia.Andof_______(54)interestwasthesouthwardoftheSouthernHemispherejetstream.Thesehigh一altitudewindsare_______(55)todeterminingweatherpatterns,inbothhemispheres.MuchofthecoldweatherfeltintheUK_______(56)thelastcoupleofwinters,for

example,wascausedbyblockingoftheNorthernHemispherestream.Theteamfoundthatoverall,theozoneholehas_______(57)inrainfallmovingsouthalongwiththewinds._______(58)thereareregionaldifferences,particularlyconcerningAustralia.Intermsoftheaverageforthatzone,theozonehole_______(59)abouta10%change一butforAustralia,it'sabout35%.Theirmodelingindicatedthatglobalwarming_______(60)greenhousegasemissionsisalsoafactorinchangingrainfallpatterns.、Naturalclimatecyclesarealsothoughttobeimportanthere,asdifferentrainfallpatternswere_______(61)intheerabeforeozonedepletion（消耗）andlate20thCenturywarming.Althoughthe_______(62)internationalorganizationhassignificantlycheckedemissionsofharmfulsubstances,they_______(63)fordecadesintheatmosphere,andsotheireffectsarestillbeingfelt.Earlier,andinternationalorganizationforecastthateventheAntarcticozonehole一whichismoreseverethanits_______(64)in

theNorthernHemisphere一shouldbe_______(65)by2045—2060._________(65)A.repeatedB.reproducedC.replacedD.repaired8.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第1?4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5,

6段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第5?8题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Robots

1Themostsophisticated（先进的）Japaneserobots，whichhavevisionsystemsandwork

atvery

highspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularly

computer

controlsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandling

objects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding（焊接），spraypaintingand

assemblingcomponents.

3InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince,

ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveand

partlybebauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthe

difficulties

ofintroducingthemeffectively.

4Ithas

beencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythana

humanto

doanequivalentjob.

5Itisestimated20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.Thisisan

enormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterial

publishedinJapan.

6ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetween

failures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday

(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears).Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormal

procedureofjusttestingasmallsample.

7ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclafmedbyJapanesecompaniesisthat

theyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyand

consistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume

→

←.AtoomuchenergyBbasedonAmericandesignsCtheyaretoocostlyDtheyarenotreliableEgoodtoqualitycontrolFfreeofcharge9.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Jack→consumes←apoundofcheeseaday.A.eatsB.drinksC.buysD.produces10.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathlete→breaks←apreviousrecordofperformance.A.beatsB.destroysC.maintainsD.defends11.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)

LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性气体)1

Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhelium(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled-Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumis

safebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.2

Peopleoncebelievedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,

theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.3

Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.4

Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis"unfilled"ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.5

Becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)

.MRIallowsthedoctorto"see"thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.

Paragraph

4→

←AWhatarenoblegases?BWhatistheperiodictable?CWhatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?DHowwerenoblegasesdiscovered?EHowwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?FWhataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?12.(不定项选择题)(每题1.70分)RisingCollegeSelectivityRisingcollegeselectivitydoesn'tmeanthatstudentsaresmarterandmoreseriousthaninthepast.It'safunctionofexcessdemandforhighereducation,occurringatatimeofincreasedfinancialprivatizationoftheindustry.

Therecessionhasonlyincreaseddemand.Thevastmajorityofstudentsaren'tgoingtocollegebecauseofathirstforknowledge.They'retherebecausetheyneedajob,andtheyneedtogetthecredentials（证书）andonehopes,

theknowledgeandskillsbehindthecredentials一thatwillgetthemintothelabormarket.Ashighereducationhasbecomeaseller'smarket,theinstitutionsinapositiontodosoaredoingwhatcomesnaturally:raisingtheirtuitionsandtheiradmissionsrequirements,butattheexpenseofcontributingtothenational

goaltoincreasecollegeattainment.TheresultisthattheUnitedStatesislosinggroundintheinternationalraceforeducationaltalent.Theincreasingstratification（阶层化）ofhighereducationishappeningonthespendingside,aswell.Astheselectiveinstitutionshavebecomemoreexpensiveandlessattainable,theresthavehadtostrugglewiththe

responsibilitytoenrollmorestudentswithoutbeingpaidtodoso.Gapsbe-tweenrichandpoorhavegrowneven

moredramaticallythangapsinenteringtestscores.Whilespendingisapoormeasureofeducationalquality,we

can'tseriouslyexpecttoincreaseeducationalattainmentifwe'renotpreparedtodosomethingtoaddressthesegrowinginequitiesinfunding.Thatsaid,theeducationalpolicyprobleminourcountryisnotthattheeliteinstitutionsarebecomingmore

selective.Theproblemisonthepublicpolicyside.Thepresidentandmanygovernorshavesetagoaltoreturn

Americatoapositionofinternationalleadershipineducationalattainment.It'stherightgoal,wejustneedafinancingstrategytogetthere.Thatdoesn'tmeanjustmoremoney,althoughsomemoremoneywillbeneeded.Italsomeansbetterattentiontoeffectivenessandtoefficiency,andtomakingsurethatspendinggoestotheplacesthatwillmakeadifferenceineducationalattainment.Weknowhowtodoit,ifwewantto.Whatdoestheauthorthinkshouldbemodified?A.Theselectivityofeliteinstitutions.B.Theindustrializationofeducation.C.Thegoalofeducationattainment.D.Thegovernment'sfundingstrategy.13.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Poorhealth

andlack

ofmoneymayboth

beto

educational

progress

roadblocks.A.restraintsB.stainsC.scarcitiesD.barriers14.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 SuccessStories

OneofthemostsuccessfulfashioncompaniesintheworldisBenetton.TheBenetton

familyopenedtheirfirstshopinItalyin1968.→______←(1)Benettonfollowedfour

marketingprinciplesinordertoachievetheirsuccess.

ThefirstprincipleisConsumerConcept.Tobuildasuccessfulbusiness,youhaveto

developproductsaroundthingspeoplevalue,especiallyquality.

____________(2)He

createdclothestomatchpeople’swants:thestyleiscasual;thecolorsandpatternsare

bold；andthequalityisexcellent.

TheSystemLinkisanotherfeatureofgoodmarketing.ForBenetton,thismeans

waitingtogetinformationaboutwhatcustomerslikeandwhattheydislikebeforemakingthe

clothes.___________(3)

TheInformationLinkmeansmakingsurethecompanyrespondsquicklytopeople’s

demands.

____________(4)ThisinformationisthensenttothemainofficeinItaly.

Benettoncanusethisinformationtoidentifypopularproductsandtocontinuemakingthem;

itcanalsoidentifylesspopularproductsandstopmakingthem.

AfinalimportantmarketingprincipleistheRetailLink.ThereareBenenttonstoresin

countriesaroundtheworld.Allthestoreshavethesameclothing,thesamewindow

displays,andthesameapproachtosales.

____________(5)

ThethingspeoplelikeaboutBenettonstoresarethatthequalityisalwayshighandthe

pricesaregenerallylow.Andthatspellssuccess.(1)→

←A

ThefounderofBenettonbeganbyaskingpeoplewhattheywanted.B

Thereusedtobeagoodreasonforthis.C

WhensomethingissoldataBenettonstore,thestorerecordsinformationaboutthe

type,size,andcoloroftheitem.D

Today,thereareBenettonshopsinmajorcitiesallovertheworld.E

ThismeansthatcustomerscangointoanyBenettonstoreintheworldandbesureof

whattheyarebuying.F

Inotherwords，Benetton’sclothesaremadetoorder.15.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Please

give

my

best

wishes

to

your

family.A.noticesB.attentionC.regardsD.cares16.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Maryis→looking←forthebookshelostyesterday.Atryingtofind

Btryingtoread

Ctryingtobuy

Dtryingtoborrow17.(单项选择题)(每题1.70分)共用题干ImproveYourMemoryTomanypeopleadvancingagemeanslosingyourhair,yourwaistlineandyourmemory.Butisitaninescapablefactthattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember?Well,astimegoesby,wetendtoblameageforproblemsthatarenotnecessarilyage-related.Whenateenagercan'tfindherkeys,shethinksit'sbecauseshe'sdistractedordisorganized,buta70-year-oldblameshermemory.Infact,the70-year-oldmay

havebeenmisplacingthingsfordecades一likewealldofromtimetotime.Inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tdeteriorateasquicklyasmanyofusthink.Accordingtopsychologists,asweage,ourmemorymechanismisn'tbroken,it'sjustdifferent.Thebrain'sprocessingtimeslowsdownovertheyears,thoughnooneknowsexactlywhy.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyandthatthere'slessactivityinthepartofthebrainthatdecideswhethertostoreinformationornot.Butit'snotclearthatlessactivityisworse.Abeginningathlete

iswinded.moreeasilythanatrainedathlete.Inthesameway,asthebraingetsmoreskilledatatask,itspendslessenergyonit.Therearestepsyoucantaketoimproveyourmemory,thoughyouhavetoworktokeepyourbraininshape.It'slikehavingagoodbody.Youcan'tgotothe

gymonceayearandexpecttostayintopform.SomememoryenhancementexpertssuggestusingtheAMprinciple.Payattentiontowhatyouwanttoremember.Thengivesomemeaningtoit.Werememberthingswhenwefocusonthem,whetherweintendtoornot.Thathelpsexplainwhyjinglesstickinourminds.Theyareplayedonloud,flashyTVcommercials.

Theyalsouserhymeandmusictohelpusrememberbetter.Basicorganizationhelpsusremembertheboringstuff.Forexample,ratherthantryingtorecallarandomlistofgroceries,wecandividethemintocategories,

suchasdairy,meatandproduce.Forimportantthingslikekeysandmoney,wecansetupa"forget-me-not"spotwherewealwayskeepthem.Wecanalsoeattoaidourmemorypower.Wholegrains,fruitsandvegetablesareexcellentsourcesofglucose,thebrain'spreferredfuel.Anotherlow-techwaytoimprovememoryistogetadequaterest.Sleepmayallowourbraintimetoencodememories.Interestinfriends,familyandhobbiesdoeswondersforourmemory.Asenseofpassionorpurposehelpsusremember.Memoryrequiresustopayattentiontoourlives,allowingustodiscoverinthemeverythingworthremembering.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmemoryproblemsarenotreallyage-related.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)Thedirectorproposedthatweshouldstopthemeeting.A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced19.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakesInthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude(量)5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandscaredmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.ResearchersattheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)estimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesoccurgloballyeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanythembecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude.scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers(地震仪).Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations(震颤)producedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates(构造板块).TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust(外壳),sometimesmanykilometersthick.Often,edgesoftheseplatestemporarilybcktogether.Whenplatespushandscrape(擦)pasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumble(轰轰作响)throughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these"mid-plate"smallearthquakescandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexampleshittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur. Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople’sawareness.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakesInthefirstweekofNovember2011，peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude(量）5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandscaredmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.ResearchersattheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)estimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesoccurgloballyeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthembecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude.Scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers(地震仪）.Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations(震颤）producedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20,000earthquakeseachyear.Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates(构造板块）TectonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust(夕卜壳），sometimesmanykilometersthick.Often,edgesoftheseplatestemporarilylocktogether.Whenplatespushandscrape(擦）pasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly—aboutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.Butsometimesearthquakesrumble(轰轰作响）throughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these“mid-plate”smallearthquakescandosubstantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexampleshittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonicplates.ARight

BWrong

CNotmentioned21.(单项选择题)(每题1.00分)

SaveEnergyAtHomeOntheaverage,Americanswasteasmuchenergyastwo-thirdsoftheworld’s

populationconsumes.That’slargelythe_______(51)ofdrivingineffticintcars,using

inefficientappliances(设备)，andlivingandworkinginpoorlyinsulated(隔热)buildings.Thenwhatcanyoudoto_______(52)thesituation?Buyenergy-efficientproducts—btiynewappliancesorelectronicsofthehighestenergy-efficiencyrating.Newenergy-efficientmodelsmaycostmoreinitially,buthavea

loweroperating_______(53)overtheirlifetimes.