2023年考研考博考博英语浙江工商大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语浙江工商大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.问题1选项A.ifonlyB.untilC.incaseD.unless2.翻译题

Marketingshouldbeginwithpotentialcustomerneeds,notwiththeproductionprocess.Marketingshouldtrytoanticipateneeds.Thenmarketing,ratherthanproduction,shoulddeterminewhatgoodsandservicesaretobedeveloped,includingdecisionsaboutproductdesignandpackaging;pricesorfees;creditandcollectionpolicies;useofmiddlemen;transportingandstoringpolicies;andafterthesale,installation,warranty,andperhapsevendisposalpolicies.Thisdoesnotmeanthatmarketingshouldtrytotakeoverproduction,accounting,andfinancialactivities.Rather,itmeansthatmarketing,byinterpretingcustomers’needs,shouldprovidedirectionfortheseactivitiesandtrytocoordinatethem.3.单选题Givingagiftcanconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheir（

）andtheimportanceyouplaceupontherelationship.问题1选项A.solidarityB.priorityC.superiorityD.hospitality4.单选题Moreoftenitisthefatherormother,andnotthechildren,（

）theresponsibilityofgenerationgap.问题1选项A.whotakeB.whomtakeC.whomtakesD.whotakes5.翻译题

RawmaterialsandpartiallyfinishedgoodsaresenttospecialborderzonefactoriesinsideMexicowhereadditionalassemblyworkiscompletedonthegoods,whicharethentransferredbacktotheUnitedStates.Alldutiesarewaivedbybothgovernments,exceptonthevalueaddedbytheadditionalmanufacturingprocessestakingplaceinMexico.Obviously,themostdesirablebarterwouldbeforgoodsthefirmwouldotherwisehavetopurchaseontheopenmarket.Secondmostdesirablewouldbegoodsthattheglobalsourcingmanagerseesareadymarketforwherehardcurrencycanbeearnedfromtheirsale.6.单选题

WhenexecutivesatGooglewentlookingforWallStreetinvestmentbankerstounderwritethecompany’smassiveinitialpublicoffering,theylaiddownstricttermsofengagement:bringusnewideasonhowtosellthedealtoinvestorsandsavetheusualpoliticalgamesmanship.Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake—anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerules?Ofcoursenot,justaskGoldmanSachs.

TowinachunkoftheGooglebusiness,Goldman,thenation’spremierinvestmentbank,setfreeitsCEO:HankPaulson,topullsomestrings.PaulsonisoneofWallStreet’sbest“callmen”,whocanwaveaPalmPDAfullofconnectionswhenit’scrunchtimetobringhomeadeal.ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.

PaulsonthoughthisbestshotwasJohnDoerr,oneofKleiner’stoppartners.Badmove,whenwordofPaulson’smisstepgotbacktoGoogle’stopexecutives,Goldmanwasquicklybumpedfromthetopoftheshortlist.“ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules,”saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm.“Whentheyheardaboutthis,theywentape.”Noneofthepartiesinvolved—Google,GoldmanSachsorDoerr—wouldcomment.

Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalowprofile.JohnMack,CSFB’sfamouslywell-connectedchiefexecutive,purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessforfearthathemighttipthescalestoanotherplayer,peoplewithknowledgeofthemattersay.Meanwhile,newrulesforWallStreetresearchanalystsappeartohavepreventedMaryMeeker,MorganStanley’stopInternetanalyst,fromplayingadirectrole,eventhoughsheandDoerrhavedonebusinesstogetherforyears.

Goldman,meanwhile,can’tblameitslossjustonPaulson.PeopleclosetothedealsaybankersforthefirmbraggedtoGoogleabouttheGoldmanname,anddidn’tgenerateenoughideasabouthowtosellsharestoinvestorsthroughanauction.“TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,”saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.Sometimes,itreallydoespaytoplaybytherules.1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?2.HankPaulson’snameismentionedtoshowthat（

）.3.Thespeakerinthethirdparagraphthinksthat（

）.4.JohnMackandMaryMeekersharedsimilaritiesinthattheyboth（

）.5.GoldmanmightlearnalessonfromGoogle’sdealthat（

）.问题1选项A.GooglefollowedtherulesofWallStreet.B.GoldmanSachsdisobeyedGoogle’srules.C.GoldmanSachsfollowedGoogle’srules.D.BigfirmsinWallStreetareafraidofGoogle.问题2选项A.heisafamousbankerinWallStreetB.hefailedbyfollowingGoogle’srulesC.helostGoogle’sdealbyusinggamesmanshipD.helostGoogle’sdealtohisrivals问题3选项A.JohnDoerrwasthebestshotforPaulsonB.GoldmanwaswronginGoogle’sdealC.GooglemadeafussaboutPaulson’sactD.Googlefollowedtherulesperfectly问题4选项A.behavedwithdeliberaterestraintormodestyB.purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessC.workedtogetherwithDoerrforyearsD.tippedthescaletotheirrivals问题5选项A.theyshouldnotunleashitsCEOtopullsomestringsB.theyshouldalwaysplaybytherulesC.PaulsonisnottherightpersontoleadthehankD.it’svitaltohavegoodperceptioninmarketing7.单选题Asahigh-levelexecutive（

）agroupofmanagers,youmayfindtheseguidelineshelpful.问题1选项A.talkingB.speakingC.addressingD.discussing8.翻译题

Thebigadvantagesofthespreadofprosperityincludeawiderdistributionofinnovationandbiggeropportunitiesforprofitableexchange.TheriseoftheUSbroughtsuchbenefitstotheUK.Alsovaluable(thoughnotcertain)isgreaterpoliticalstabilityinpreviouslyimpoverishedcountries.Thebigdisadvantageisgreatercompetitionforscarceresources.Powerisascarceresource:ifcountryAhasmore,countryBhasless.Resourcesarealsolimited.9.单选题Ifyouwantchildrentoworkhardyoumust（

）theirinterestsinsteadoftheirsenseofduty.问题1选项A.appealtoB.lookintoC.giverisetoD.goinfor10.单选题

Lastyearaboothforsimultaneousinterpretationwasfinallysetup（

）governmentaid.问题1选项A.inaidofB.byvirtueofC.inlightofD.inrespectof11.单选题Wesawthecanoe（

）,throwingitspassengersintothewater.问题1选项A.prostrateB.overturnC.simulateD.brag12.单选题

Bythemid-nineteenthcentury,theterm“icebox”hadenteredtheAmericanlanguage,buticewasstillonlybeginningtoaffectthedietofordinarycitizensintheUnitedStates.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.AftertheCivilWar(1861-1865),asicewasusedtorefrigeratefreightcars,italsocameintohouseholduse.Evenbefore1880,halftheicesoldinNewYork,Philadelphia,andBaltimore,andone-thirdofthatsoldinBostonandChicago,wenttofamiliesfortheirownuse.Thishadbecomepossiblebecauseanewhouseholdconvenience,theicebox,aprecursorofthemodernrefrigerator,hadbeeninvented.

Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Thecommonsensenotionthatthebesticeboxwasonethatpreventedtheicefrommeltingwasofcoursemistaken,foritwasthemeltingoftheicethatperformedthecooling.

Nevertheless,earlyeffortstoeconomizeiceincludedwrappingtheiceinblankets,whichkepttheicefromdoingitsjob.Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.

Butasearlyas1803,aningeniousMarylandfarmer,ThomasMoore,hadbeenontherighttrack.HeownedafarmabouttwentymilesoutsidethecityofWashington,forwhichthevillageofGeorgetownwasthemarketcenter.Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.Oneadvantageofhisicebox,moreexplained,wasthatfarmerswouldnolongerhavetotraveltomarketatnightinordertokeeptheirproducecool.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanobstacletothedevelopmentoftheicebox?3.Theword“rudimentary”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.4.Accordingtotheinformationinthesecondparagraph,anidealiceboxwould（

）.5.TheauthordescribesThomasMooreashavingbeen“ontherighttrack”(Lines1-2,Para.3)toindicatethat（

）.问题1选项A.Theinfluenceoficeonthediet.B.Thedevelopmentofrefrigeration.C.Thetransportationofgoodstomarket.D.Sourcesoficeinthenineteenthcentury.问题2选项A.Theuseofinsufficientinsulation.B.Inadequateunderstandingofphysics.C.Thelackofanetworkforthedistributionofice.D.Competitionamongtheownersofrefrigeratedfreightcars.问题3选项A.growingB.necessaryC.undevelopedD.uninteresting问题4选项A.stopairfromcirculatingB.allowicetomeltslowlyC.useblanketstoconserveiceD.completelypreventicefrommelting问题5选项A.Moore’sactionswerehonestB.Moore’sfamilywasprosperousC.Moore’sdesignwasfairlysuccessfulD.Moore’sfarmwasclosetotheWashingtonmarketeD.completelypreventicefrommelting13.单选题

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“DoyouthinkI'mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“No,sir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquietseriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“Yes,you’reright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre,”hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch,perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodSchoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,andspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”1.Atthebeginning,MissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT（

）.2.In“allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...”(the2ndparagraph),theword“about”means（

）.3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay“...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”(the7thparagraph)?4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyre,wecanconcludethathewantedto（

）.

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersounded（

）.

问题1选项A.coldB.sociableC.warmheartedD.changeable问题2选项A.“around”B.“on”C.“outside”D.“concerning”问题3选项A.BecauseJanehadintendedtocomforthim.B.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.C.BecauseJanehadaddedsomethingelsethathurthim.D.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.问题4选项A.tellherallhistroubles.B.changeheropinionofhim.C.tellherhislifeexperience.D.changehiscircumstances.问题5选项A.rudeB.indifferentC.friendlyD.encouraging14.单选题

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heaskedthecrowdtogatherintheauctionroomtobidforvariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauctionandtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinAutcio,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subhasta”,meaning“underthespear”,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”;ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.

Practicallyallgoodscanbesoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,fruit,vegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbythebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”,isusuallygivenanumber.Theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlotoneandcontinuethenumericalorder;hemaywaituntilhenoticesthefactthatcertainbuyersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer’sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebidding.1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.2.Theendofbiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because（

）.3.Inthesentence“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar,”theword“spoils”mostprobablymeans（

）.4.InEnglandacandleusedtoburnatauctionsales（

）.5.Anauctioncataloguegivesbuyers（

）.问题1选项A.atfixedpricesB.atpriceslowerthantheirtruevalueC.forthehighestpriceofferedD.atpricesofferedbytheauctioneer问题2选项A.theauctioneerknocksonthetableB.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetableC.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammerD.theauctioneernamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods问题3选项A.uselessgoodsB.spearsC.variouskindsoffoodD.propertytakenfromtheenemy问题4选项A.tolimitthetimewhenoffersofpricescouldbemadeB.becausetheauctionsalestookplaceatnightC.asasignalforthecrowdtogatherD.tokeeptheauctionroomwarm问题5选项A.thecurrentmarketvaluesofthegoodsB.theorderinwhichgoodsaretobesoldC.freeadmissiontotheauctionsaleD.detailsofthegoodstobesold15.单选题Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.问题1选项A.dischargedB.derivedC.deprivedD.dispatched16.单选题Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.问题1选项A.clashedB.crashedC.smashedD.struck17.单选题TheGymnasiumwas（

）byApril2014,butnowthewallwasstillnowhereinsight.问题1选项A.tobecompletedB.tocompleteC.tohavecompletedD.tohavebeencompleted18.翻译题

Companiesnowrealizethatvirusesaren’t“urbanmyth”,andcanbeaseriousimpactontheiroperations.Theyinvestinanti-virussoftwareonthedesktops,serversandemailgatewaysandevenputinplaceprocedurestoensuretheiranti-virusisup-to-datewiththeverylatestdetectionroutines.Anti-virussoftwaredetectsmostofthevirusesyourusersarelikelytoencounter—oftenwithouttheuserevenknowing.However,anti-virussoftwaremustbeupdatedregularly,preferablydailyinanylargecompany.Eventhen,averynewviruscaninfectyourusers.WiththerapidtransmissionoffilesthroughnetworksandtheInternet,aviruscanspreadaconsiderabledistancebeforeitcanbeidentifiedandprotectedagainst.19.翻译题

世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。尊重主权和互不干涉内政是国与国之间发展关系的前提。一个国家丧失主权，人民就没有尊严和地位。中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度。20.单选题Allthestudentshavetoto（

）therulesandregulationsoftheschool.问题1选项A.confirmB.confrontC.conformD.confine第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项ifonly“如果”；B选项until“直到……才”；C选项incase“万一”；D选项unless“除非”。根据从句意思“只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意为：我相信只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的。故正确答案选A。2.【答案】

市场营销应该以客户的潜在需求为出发点，而不是从生产的过程开始。市场营销应该尝试着预测市场需求。应该由市场营销而不是生产来决定要开发什么样的产品和服务，包括产品设计和包装的决策；价格或费用；信贷及收款政策；使用中间商；运输和存储策略；在出售，安装，保修，甚至可能是处理政策之后。然而这并不意味着市场营销应该试图接管生产、会计和财务活动。相反，这意味着，通过理解客户的需求，营销应该为这些活动提供指导并努力协调它们。3.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项solidarity“团结”；B选项priority“优先”；C选项superiority“优越，优越性”；D选项hospitality“热情”，句子的主语是“givingagift赠送礼物”，about介词，意思是“关于”，根据空格前后是一个of短语的所有格结构，这里判断空格部分单词意思为“热情，好客”，句意为：赠送礼物能表达你对别人盛情款待的感激之情和你对别人的重视。和选项D意思接近。4.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这是一个强调句型，强调的主语thefatherormother,andnotthechildren是人且意义上是个单数，强调人可以用who，句意为：更常见的是父亲或母亲而不是孩子要承担代沟的责任。因此答案选D。5.【答案】

原材料和半成品被送往墨西哥境内的边境特区工厂，在那里完成货物的附加组装工作，然后再被转回美国。除了在墨西哥进行的额外生产过程所增加的价值外，两国政府对其他部分都放弃关税。显然，最理想的易货交易对象是公司在自由市场上必须购买的商品。第二可取的是那些商品：全球采购经理看到了一个现成的市场，可以从该商品的销售中获得硬通货。6.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段“Butwithsuchahugepaydayatstake—anestimated$100millioninfeesforhandlingtheoffering—wouldyouexpectallthebigfirmstoplaybytheGooglerules?Ofcoursenot,justaskGoldmanSachs.但是，考虑到如此巨额的发薪日——估计有1亿美元用于处理股票发行的费用——你还指望所有的大公司都遵守谷歌规则吗？当然不是，问问高盛公司就知道了。”由此可得到B选项“高盛公司不服从谷歌的规定”符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“ButNewsweekhaslearnedthatPaulsontriedtosidestepGoogle’sordersbyreachingouttooneofGoogle’slargestinvestors,KleinerPerkins,thepowerfulventure-capitalfirmthatwasanearlyGooglebacker.ThemovehelpeddoomGoldman’seffortstowintheleadunderwritingspot,whichwentinsteadtoCreditSuisseFirstBostonandMorganStanley.但《新闻周刊》获悉，保尔森试图绕过谷歌的指令，与谷歌最大的投资者之一、实力强大的风险投资公司凯鹏华盈接洽。这家公司是谷歌的早期支持者。这一举动使高盛赢得主承销席位的努力陷入了失败，最终被瑞士信贷第一波士顿（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）取代。”由此可知保尔森虽然用了些手段，但是没有赢得谷歌的生意，因此选项C正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“‘ThepeopleatGoogleweresuchenthusiastsabouttherules’,saidoneexecutivewhoworksatarivalWallStreetfirm.‘谷歌的人对这些规则是如此狂热’，在其竞争对手华尔街公司工作的一名高管表示。”由此可知谷歌公司是非常重视商业投标的规则，并且十分遵守规则的。因此选项D符合题意。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段“Thetwowinners,CSFBandMorganStanley,managedtokeepalowprofile.瑞士信贷第一波士顿（CSFB）和摩根士丹利（MorganStanley）这两家赢家设法保持了低调。”和“purposelystayedoutofthebiddingprocessfor…甚至是故意和招标过程保持距离。”由此可知A选项“有意克制或谦虚的行为举止”是两个人的共同之处，因此选A。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“‘TheirlackofmarketingwitmayhavehurtthemmorethanPaulson,’saidtheexecutivefromarivalfirm.他们缺乏营销智慧对他们的伤害可能比保尔森更大。”由此可知拥有营销洞察力在竞争中是十分重要的因素，因此D选项“goodperceptioninmarketing良好的营销感知能力”符合题意，因此选D。7.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项talk“说，谈话”；B选项speak“讲话，发言”；C选项address“演讲，致词”；D选项discuss“讨论”，四个选项意思相近，但是talk强调动作双方沟通，speak侧重单方的讲话，address指在某活动或者工作中的发言，句意为：当你作为高管向一群经理演讲时，你可能会发现这些指导方针很有帮助。故选项C更符合题意。8.【答案】

繁荣传播开来的几大好处包括：创新的传播范围会扩大，以及进行有利可图的交流的机会增多。美国的崛起就曾为英国带来此类益处。此外，同样有价值的（虽然并不确定）是以往的穷国在政治上会更加稳定。最大的劣势是对稀缺资源的激烈竞争。能源是一种缺席资源：如果A国的资源增多，那B国的能源就会减少。资源也是有限的。9.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项appealto“呼吁，上诉”；B选项lookinto“调查，观察”；C选项giveriseto“使发生，引起”；D选项goinfor“参加，从事；追求”。根据从句“Ifyouwantchildrentoworkhard如果你想要孩子努力”，和后句关键词“theirinterests他们的兴趣”，可知“giveriseto引起”符合语境，句意为：如果你想要孩子努力，你必须激发他们的兴趣而不是责任感。因此选项C正确。10.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查介词词组辨析。A选项inaidof“为了帮助”；B选项byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”；C选项inlightof“根据；鉴于”；D选项inrespectof“关于，涉及”。governmentaid在句中做状语，根据上下文可知byvirtueof“凭借，由于，因为”符合题意，句意为：去年，在政府的援助下，终于建立了一个同声传译的展位。故答案选B。11.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prostrate“将……弄倒”；B选项overturn“推翻，倾覆”；C选项simulate“模仿，假装”；D选项brag“吹牛，吹嘘”。根据前面的关键词“canoe独木舟”，可知“overturn颠覆，倾翻”最符合题意，句意为：我们看见独木舟翻了，把船上的乘客都掀进水里。故选项B意思与之接近。12.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。分析文章，第一段讲了“冰盒”这个冰箱原始的名称出现的时间，以及时间上的发展。第二段和第三段都是围绕冰箱，也就是制冷的发展的各个方面来展开的。故正确答案选B。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”和最后一句“Notuntilneartheendofthenineteenthcenturydidinventorsachievethedelicatebalanceofinsulationandcirculationneededforanefficienticebox.直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。”由此可知，答案选B。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段第二句“Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表语，主语是theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat；结合本段最后一句话，分析上下文语境得出：19世纪早期的热物理知识发展是不足的。这里rudimentary意思是“粗浅的，不先进的”，所以正确答案选C。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节推断题。第二段中讲：制造一个高效的冰箱并不像我们现在想象的那么容易。19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的。当时最常见的说法是，最好的冰盒是阻止冰融化的，这当然是错误的，因为就是冰的融化产生冷却作用。尽管如此，早期的努力包括用毯子把冰包裹起来，这样冰就不能发挥作用了。直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。由此可判断A、C和D都不符合，答案选B。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段第三句“Whenheusedaniceboxofhisowndesigntotransporthisbuttertomarket,hefoundthatcustomerswouldpassuptherapidlymeltingstuffinthetubsofhiscompetitorstopayapremiumpriceforhisbutter,stillfreshandhardinneat,one-poundbricks.当他用自己设计的冰盒把黄油运到市场，他发现顾客会直接忽略他竞争对手桶中快要融化的产品，而宁愿花多点钱买他的仍然新鲜、坚硬的1镑一块的砖头状黄油。”由这句话可以推断本段第一句中的“ontherighttrack做法对了”，说明托马斯•莫尔自己设计的冰箱很成功，保存黄油效果很好。故正确答案选C。13.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstaytodinewithhim.早上的时候，他似乎忙得团团转，在下午的时候，邻居们来拜访他，有时还留下来和他一起吃饭。”第二段第一句“...whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.有时候他会冷冷地从我身边经过，有时候会有礼貌地向我微笑和鞠躬。”由此可以推断出罗切斯特先生有时候很冷漠，而且善变。故排除选项A、B和选项D。答案选C符合题意。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。根据句意“在此期间，我对他的认知仅限于在房子周围偶尔的照面，罗切斯特先生有时候冷冷地从我身边经过，有时候会有礼貌地向我微笑和鞠躬”。可知“occasionalmeeting偶尔的照面”的修饰词是about引导的介词短语，表示地点范围。根据文章后面几段对于两位主角见面的细节描写，可以推断出“aboutthehouse”是“在房子周围”。故正确答案选A。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第六段中简说“先生，对不起。我应该说美貌并不重要，或者类似的话”。接着第七段第一句话罗切斯特先生的回答：“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling…不，你不会。我认为你在批评我的外表，你背后给我捅小刀子。你很诚实有感情。”所以，需要我们理解的部分是罗切斯特先生听到简解释性的回答后，认为是对他的安慰，因此说出“你在背后给我捅刀子”之类的话。这一表达是一种暗喻性的说法，D和B说法过于绝对。选项C文章并没有提到。故A符合文章意思。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第八段“IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.在我21岁时我走错了路，就再也没有回到正道。”和“Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.这不是我的性格，是环境使然。”这些是罗切斯特先生对简说的话，讲述他的人生经历，解释这是环境所致，目的是为了改变简对他的看法。故正确答案选B。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章末段“You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.你就像笼子里的鸟儿。当你飞出笼子，你将飞得更高”。由此可知，罗切斯特先生说的话是对于简的一种鼓励。故正确答案选D。14.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.他鼓励买家出更高的价格，并最终将出价最高者称作商品的买主。”由此可知答案选C。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Thisiscalled‘knockingdown’thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronaraisedplatform.这被称为‘击倒’货物，当拍卖人在一个凸起的台子上敲击小锤子时，竞拍就结束了。”由此可知答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段“TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled‘subhasta’,meaning‘underthespear’,aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.罗马人通常以这种方式出售战争中的战利品；这些销售被称为‘subhasta’，意思是‘在长矛下’，一根长矛被卡在地上，作为一种信号，让人群聚集起来。”由此可知答案选D。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold‘bythecandle’;ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneerandbidscouldbemadewhileitwasburning.在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品经常被‘以烧蜡烛定时限’出售；拍卖师点燃了一支短蜡烛，在燃烧的时候可以进行投标。”由此可知答案选A。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda‘lot’,isusuallygivenanumber.如果广告不能提供完整的细节，商品目录就会被打印出来，并且每一组被称为“批次”的商品，通常会被给出一个数字。”由此可推知，目录提供了货物的详情，故答案选D。15.【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharge“解雇、卸下”；B选项derive“源于、得自”；C选项deprive“剥夺”；D选项dispatch“派遣、分派”。deprivesb.ofsth.短语有“剥夺某人某物之意”，这里根据句子结构，主语是prisoner“罪犯”，宾语是“civilliberty公民自由”，可知空格部分单词意思为“剥夺”，并且是被动语态的结构，句意为：罪犯被剥夺三年公民自由权利。故正确答案选C。16.【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”；C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。17.【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词不定式的用法。选项A是不定式结构的被动形式，表示被动或是逻辑上的动宾关系。选项B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系。选项C是不定式的完成式，表示动作已经发生。选项D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被动语态，表示动宾关系兼完成状态。分析文章语义“体育馆2014年4月建成”了，选项D为最佳答案。18.【答案】

各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。19.【答案】

Theworldneedspeace,foronlywithpeacecantherebedevelopment.Chinaearnestlyhopestohaveapeacefulinternationalenvironmentinordertoachieveitsdevelopmentgoals.TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoanindependentforeignpolicyofpeaceandstandsreadytoworkwithothercountriestoadvancethenoblecauseofpeaceandprogressofmankind.

Respectforsovereigntyandnon-interferenceintheinternalaffairsofothercountriesistheprerequisiteforsoundstate-to-staterelations.Whenacountrylosessovereignty,itspeoplelosedignityandstatus.Chinaisfirminupholdingitshard-wonsovereigntyandterritorialintegrityandwillnevertolerateanyexternalinterference.Atthesametime,Chinatreatseachotherasequals,Chinaalsorespectsthesovereigntyandterritorialintegrityofothercountriesaswellastheindependent