2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语真题及参考解析(全国卷I)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。.（2分）（2018卷1）WhatwillJamesdotomorrow?A.WatchaTVprogram. B.Giveatalk. C.Writeareport.【答案】B【考点】短对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略.（2分）（2018卷1）Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She'sgenerous. B.She'scurious. C.She'shelpful.【答案】C【考点】短对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略.（2分）（2018卷I）Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30 B.At8:30 C.At10:30【答案】C【考点】短对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略.（2分）（2018卷1）Howdoesthewomangowork?A.Bycar. B.Onfoot. C.Bybike.【答案】B【考点】短对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略.（2分）（2018卷1）Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Doctorandpatient.【答案】A【考点】短对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略二、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选

项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话或独白读两遍。.(4分)(218卷I)听第6段材料，回答两小题。(1)Whatdoesthewomanregret?A.Givingupherresearch.B.Droppingoutofcollege.C.Changinghermajor.(2)Whatisthewomaninterestedinstudyingnow?A.Ecology【答案】(A.Ecology【答案】(1)BB.EducationC.Chemistry.（2）A【考点】长对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略.（4分）（218卷I）听第7段材料，回答两小题。(1)Whatistheman?B.Atourguide.C.Ataxidriver.A.Ahotelmanager.B.Atourguide.C.Ataxidriver.(2)Whatisthemandoingforthewoman?Lookingforsomelocalfoods.Showingheraroundtheseaside.Offeringinformationaboutahotel.【答案】(1)B(2)C【考点】长对话【解析】【分析】【点评】(6分)(218卷I)听第8段材料，回答两小题。(1)Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.AthomeC.Atarestaurant.A.Inanoffice.B.AthomeC.Atarestaurant.(2(2)Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowevening?A.Gotoaconcert. B.Visitafriend.(3)WhoisAlicegoingtocall?C.Workextrahours.A.Mike【答案】（A.Mike【答案】（1）CB.JoanC.Catherine(2)A(3)B【考点】长对话【解析】【听力原文】略【分析】略【点评】略(8分)(218卷I)听第9段材料，回答四小题。(1)Whydoesthewomanmeettheman?Tolookatanapartment.B.Todeliversomefurniture.C.Tohaveamealtogether.(2)Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthecarpet?A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.A.Itscolor.B.Itsdesign.C.Itsquality.(3)Whatdoesthemansayaboutthekitchen?A.It'sagoodsize.B.It'snewlypainted.C.It'sadequatelyequipped.A.It'sagoodsize.B.It'snewlypainted.C.It'sadequatelyequipped.(4)Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?B.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment.A.GodowntownB.Talkwithherfriend.C.Makepayment.【答案】(1)A(2)A(3)C（4）B【考点】长对话【解析】【分析】【点评】10.（8分）（2018卷I）听第10段材料，回答四小题。（1）Whoisthespeakeprobablytalkingto?A.Moviefans. B.Newsreporters. C.Collegestudents.（2）WhendidthespeakertakeEnglishclasses?A.Beforehelefthishometown.AfterhecametoAmerica.Whenhewas15yearsold.（3）Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthisteacher?A.He'sproud. B.He'ssympathetic. C.He'sgrateful.（4）Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?Howeducationshapedhislife.Howhislanguageskillsimproved.Howhemanagedhisbusinesswell.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）A【考点】独白【解析】【分析】【点评】三、阅读理解11.（6分）（2018卷I）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.CDuration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hourMorningorAfternoonthisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents.Congress,memories,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hour（7miles）JoinasmallgrouphiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridesareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.（1）Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C. D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.（2）WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.（3）Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras C.Meals. D.Safetylights.21.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）D【考点】细节理解题，时文广告类【解析】【分析】本文介绍了华盛顿区的4种自行车旅行。⑴A细节理解题根据第一种自行车旅行介绍倒数第5行的Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityreserve即book预定的意思。可知答案为A。⑵D细节理解题根据第三种bicycletour介绍的第二句KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents可知答案为D。⑶D细节理解。最后一段最后两句allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights可知晚上的骑行人员配备有反光背心和安全等，故答案为D。【点评】本文属于应用文阅读，此类文章重在考查对细节信息的查找和分析，答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息，与选项进行比对，答案就显而易见了。12.（8分）（218卷I）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。BGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries（系列节目）,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.（1）（1）WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.（2）HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.（3）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D【考点】主旨大意题，细节理解题，新闻报道类【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道类文章，介绍一档有SusannaReid主持的烹饪节目，教观众如何用有限的预算做出即美味又有营养的饭菜。⑴B细节理解题。根据第1段butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.她煮一手好菜一向各个家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备既好吃又营养的饭菜。还有第二段说出了这个电视节目的名字SaveMoney:Goodfood.可知她已经开始了一个新的节目，故答案为B。⑵C细节理解题。根据第2段第一句withthehelpofchefMattTebbutt可知这个厨师向她提供如何减少食物浪费以及用很少的钱准备食谱。故答案为C,他在烹饪的事情上帮助她。⑶C细节理解题。本段讲述ITV的电视节目SaveMoney:GoodHealth向观众提供如何从市场上种类繁多的健康产品中获得价值，而SaveMoney:Goodfood是步SaveMoney:GoodHealth的后尘，所以这一段作者是想要增加一些SaveMoney:Goodfood的背景信息，故答案为C。（4）D主旨大意。标题的特点之一是具有概括性。由文章首段showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget,第2段withthehelpofchefMattTebbutt,整个文章最后一句withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes及t新电视节目的名称SaveMoney:Goodfood可知应选D。【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一句话就是对整篇文章的高度概括，阅读时要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解长难句，从而得到需要的答案。13.（8分）（2018卷I）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.(1)Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced C.Powerful. D.Modern.(3)Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400. C.About2,400. D.About1,200.(4)Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)B(4)C【考点】主旨大意题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，社会文化类，说明文【解析】【分析】本文属于社科类说明文，介绍了世界语言随着人类的发展，许多语种已消失或正面临灭绝，世界语言种类越来越少。⑴B推理判断。第一段第二三句Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknitgroupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeach。1八0屋故答案为B。⑵C词义猜测。根据第二段划线部分句子句中的suchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover可知，强大的语言如英语，西班牙语和汉语正在快速地接管，与前一句许多语言消失形成对比。故答案为C。⑶B细节计算。根据倒数第二段第一句知现在世界语言种类总数有6800，及最后一句halfofthetotalworldlanguages可知6800的一半即3400，故答案为B。⑷C主旨大意。第一段讲述了多年来语言的发展有新的语言产生也有一些语言消失，在人类以打猎为生的时代，语言种类很多;第二段主要描述了随着人类过上定居生活，语言的种类就逐渐减少，特别是近几十年来商业化，工业化及全球化的发展导致许多小语种消亡，许多语言被强大的英语汉语等取代;第三段介绍了世界6800多种语言的地理分布情况最后讲述了400多种语言正面临消亡。故答案为C【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。14.（8分）（2018卷I）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironmentandourwalletsastheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslifefromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyuseevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."TheLiving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekid'sroom,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTV'swithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解决方案）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontablesinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.（1）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.（2）WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.（3）Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.（4）Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，科普环保类，说明文【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。文章介绍了人们继续使用一些老旧电器对环境的坏处，这不仅增加能源的消耗，而且也不利于环保，因此作者建议及时更新那些过时的电子设备。⑴A推理判断。根据第1段最后一句astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.这些过时的装置比新装置消耗更多的能量，因而判断新装置消耗的能量少，所以环保。故答案为A。⑵D细节理解。根据第2段第一句Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,故选口，为了查明这些装置的电消耗量。⑶B细节理解。由整个文章的最后一句Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知在tablets（平板电脑）而不是电视和台式电脑上观看娱乐节目能够减少44%的能源消耗。故平板电脑使用最少的能源，选B。⑷A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronics及最后一句Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscutenergyconsumptionby44%.研究者们探索用新电器代替旧产品，结果发现新的装置能够减少44%的能源消耗。故选A。【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。15.（5分）（21卷I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday? ,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint. ,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones. .They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves. .Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisioninyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant. .WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【答案】B；A；D；G；F【考点】说明文，七选五【解析】【分析】本文谈论颜色在家装中的重要作用，掌握在生活空间中如何使用颜色对创造舒适的居住空间有着重要意义。虽然近年来有很多不同的技巧帮助设计师达到设计舒适的居住空间的目的，在颜色的选择上看似复杂，但对于家装中颜色的选择只有三种决定：小的决定、中等的决定和大的决定，并对每一种决定进行阐述。⑴根据句法结构可知此处是从句，所以在ABC中选择，结合主句句意在把房间变成你想要的那种感觉的关键是颜色”参考前一句中的Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?可知选项B中的lookfor是前文的原词复现。故答案为B（不管你在寻求什么）。⑵A由句子结构可知此处是从句，所以在ABC中选择。主句句意：它们有时候变得有点复杂，结合前一句中提到了anumberofdifferenttechniues很多不同的技巧在帮助设计师达到这一目的（让居住空间变得舒适）可知此处是前文的总结，但是与主句构成让步关系。故答案为A（虽然它们都很有用）。⑶D此处是本段的主题句。根据段意抱枕、镜子、篮子等物品上的小的颜色能增加房间的视觉情趣，而且又没有粉刷墙那样无聊，比买个彩色的沙发又便宜，所以小的颜色的选择会带来很大的益处。同时根据上文第二段最后一句thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones和下文第四段的mediumcolor和第五段的Thelargecolordecision可以断定答案为D（小的颜色的选择是我们最熟悉的）。⑷G由本段主题句中等颜色的选择一般是家具的颜色,后一句它们需要比小的更大的投入，从而在空间感上有更强大的效果。”所以此处有着承上启下的作用，由“小”过度到下文的大，所以答案是G（在这个范围内颜色的选择是在两个主要方面从小向上迈进的一步。）⑸F根据前文的表述在房间里对颜色的选择比较大的决定涉及到墙、天花板和地板。不管你在看墙纸选择油漆，你所投入的时间、努力以及相关的费用都是有意义的。”故此处与前文构成因果关系，所以选择F（所以选好颜色是值得的，因为你想第一次就把颜色选对。）。【点评】本题重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。四、语言知识运用16.（20分）（2018卷I）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A，B，C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga""free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I.theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twanttoafewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren't_enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour4wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which5Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's6,Icouldhardlywaitto7him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthiswasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemakeitthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto10theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto11whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand12,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat13andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe14.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe15me:"Theabsolutemostimportant16thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood17.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto18asituation,processwhatyouropponent（对手）isdoingand19thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions."Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy20asajournalist.1.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown2.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay3.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired4.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor5.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant6.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest7.A.interciewB.meetC.challcngeD.beat8.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job9.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible10.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe11.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare12.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally13.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment14.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation15.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised16.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill17.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments18.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control19.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate20.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）D；（5）D；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）B；（11）C；（12）A；（13）C；（14）B；（15）D；（16）D；（17）B；（18）A；（19）D；（20）A；【考点】夹叙夹议，单项选择型，人物故事类【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一位大二的学生从学校的围棋课程以及围棋老师身上学到的人生哲理和对他十年后的生活和工作的影响。⑴A.putforward提出；B.jumpat急于接受；C.tryout尝试，检验；Dturndown调小，拒绝。句意：我乐意接受这一学习此课程的想法，因为毕竟谁不想省下几美元呢？根据上文所讲“一种免费的可得三学分的课程，可以判断此处应该是急于接受，故选B.⑵）A.waste浪费；B.earn赚得，挣得；C.save省得，节约；D.pay付款。句意：我乐意接受这一学习此课程的想法，因为毕竟谁不想省下几美元呢？根据上文所讲“一种免费的可得三学分的课程，可以判断此处应该是节省了一些美元，故选C。⑶A.excited兴奋的；B.worried担心的；C.moved感动的；D.tired疲惫的。句意：不仅仅这些，我一直想学下棋。并且，即使我对那免费学分不是很兴奋，但是有关这个课程的教师的消息对我足够有吸引力。根据上下文和句意可判断应选A。⑷A.title题目，称号；B.competitor竞赛者；C.textbook教科书；D.instructor教师，讲师。根据下文的 ewasaninternationalgrandmaster.和上题的解析可以判断应选D。⑸A.urge催促，力劝；B.demand强烈要求；C.hold抓住；D.mean意味着。句意：他是一位国际围棋大师，这意味着我将向这比赛中佼佼者学习。根据句意，故选D。⑹A.fastest最快；B.easiest最早；C.best最好；D.rarest最罕见。根据上题解析和上文提到的aninternationalgrandmaster可判断应选C。⑺A.interview采访，面试；B.meet见面，遇到；C.challenge挑战，质疑；D.beat打败。句意：我等不及见他了。根据句意可判断选B。⑻A.chance机会；B.qualification资格，资历；C.honor荣誉，荣耀；D.job工作。句意：MauriceAshley睿智善良，是以前的毕业生返校教学，对于他来讲这工作不是好玩的事情，他是很当真的。根据句意，应选D。⑼A.real真的；B.perfect完美的；C.clear清楚的；D.possilbe可能的。句意：在他的开场白中，他明确表示我们的学分会很难挣的。根据上文thisjobwasnogameforhimhemeantbusiness可知这位大师是把这工作很认真对待的，学分很难得到的，开始他就说的很清楚了，故选C。⑽A.attend出席；B.pass通过；D.skip跳过；D.observe观察，遵守。句意：为了通过这门课程，在许多标准中，我们必须写论文，讨论我们将如何把在课堂学到的运用到未来职业中，最后运用到我们生活中去。根据上文学分很难挣得和句意可知选B。(IDA.add增加，补充说；B.expose暴露；C.apply运用，申请；D.compare比较。根据第三段中Impullingtousehe n可知应选C。⑫A.eventually最终，最后；B.naturally自然而然地；C.directly直接地；D.normally正常地。根据句意和上题解析可知应选A。⑬A.game比赛，游戏；B.presentation展示；C.course课程；D.experiment实验。句意：我努力设法在这门课程上获得A,并且学到了让我受益匪浅的超出教室范围的生活经验。根据句中A”句意，可知应选C。(14)a.criterion标准；B.classroom教室；C.department院，系；D.situation形势。根据上下文和句意，可判定应选B。(15)A.teach教；B.write写；C.question质疑；D.promise承诺。句意：与Ashley学棋十年后，我依然在努力运用他教给我的知识。Ashley是笔者的老师，故选A。⑯A.fact事实；B.step步骤；C.manner方式；D.skill技能。句意：在你下棋时你学到的很重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。根据句意，可知应选D。⑰A.grade分数,成绩；B.decision决定；C.impression印象；D.comment评论。根据句意和常识，下棋应该是做出决定，故选B。⑱A.analyze分析；B.describe描述；C.rebuild重建；D.control控制。句意：走的每一步，你不得不分析形势，仔细思考对手所作，评估所有选择中最佳方案。根据上文中提到下棋要不断做出决定和常识，可以判断A。⑲A.announce通知；B.sign打信号；C.block阻挡；D.evaluate评估。根据句意和上题解析，可判断应选D。(20)A.role角色，身份；B.desire欲望；C.concern关心，关注；D.behavior行为。句意：这些话如今在我一名记者工作依然经常在耳旁响起。根据句意和句中asa)。口巾8店可知应选A。【点评】本文属于夹叙夹议类完型填空，作者十年前选择了围棋学习，并且老师是一位国际大师，从他那里收益匪浅，甚至对他十年后的生活和工作都有影响。考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要读懂全文，弄清文章要表达的思想，注意文中前后段落之间的关系。答题中，一定要认真分析，注意选项与上下文的关系，与前后单词的关系。对于一时没有太大的把握的题可以放到最后再来完成，因为有时答案可以从下文内容体现出来。答完后再通读一篇文章，看看所选选项能不能是语句通顺，语意连贯。.(10分)(201卷1)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournalrunnerslivethreeyears (long)thannon-runnersYoudon'thavetorunfastorforlong (see)thebenefitYoumaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof (die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycanmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit (be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall (cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise……It'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfacesto (strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways (energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive atry.【答案】longer；tosee；dying；is；than；that/which；causes；strengthen；energetic；it/running【考点】语法填空【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文，谈论跑步带来的好处。⑴longer考查形容词的比较等级。空后有than,故此处用比较级longer。⑵tosee考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处toseethebenefit作结果状语。故答案为tosee。⑶dying考查非谓语动词。空前有介词of,介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为dying。⑷is考查动词的时态和语态。句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效。此处用一般现在时表示客观事实，it是第三人称单数，故答案为is。⑸than考查连词。句中it指代running,空后是walking,都是动名词，再根据句意：虽然经常跑步不能使你永远活着，但是评论说经常跑步在延长生命这方面比步行更有效，故填连词than。⑹that/which考查定语从句。空处为关系代词作定语从句的主语，先行词为astudy,publishedin2014是过去分词短语作astudy的定语，定语从句没有紧跟在先行词后，属于定语从句的隔离现象。故答案为that/which.⑺causes考查名词单复数。cause（原因，起因）是可数名词，前面有all,all后可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，接可数名词要用复数。故答案为causes.⑻strengthen考查词性转换。空前有不定式符号to,所以此处应该填strength的动词形式。故答案为strengtheno⑼energetic考查词性转换。根据前面的ischeap,easy,所以后面的is后也应为形容词energetic此处意思应为有效的，效果显著的,主语不是人，不能翻译为精力充沛的”故答案为energetico⑽it/running考查代词giveitatry试一试，为固定短语，根据上文，此处it指代running。故答案为it/runningo【点评】语法填空题要求考生在特定的语境中，根据所提供的词汇和空格进行合乎形式、意义和逻辑的判断，既考查考生对基本词汇及语法的掌握，又考查其在具体语言环境中运用语言的能力。考点主要涉及到比较级（第一空）、非谓语（第二、三空）、主谓一致（第四空）、副词（第五空）、从属连词（第六空）、名词复数（第七空）、词形变化（第八、九空）、代词（第十空）等。五、短文改错.（5分）（2018卷I）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词注：1.每处错误及其修改仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分Duringmylastwint