考前英语阅读综合训练(31篇)

考前英语阅读综合训练

PartI

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.

Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75

percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形)，paintedonthe

roadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslow

down.

NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashington

D.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan'ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevrons

andotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatterns

reducehighwaycrashes.

Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,

accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstests

inareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest-curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,and

bridges.

Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycutthe

averagespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsas

driversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars

Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthan

theyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreduction

inhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A)anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolC)anewapproachtotrainingdrivers

B)anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysD)anewtypeofopticalillusion

2.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat.

A)theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB)theyaredrivinginthewronglane

C)theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD)theyareapproachingthespeedlimit

3.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer.

A)cankeepdriversawakeC)willhavealongereffectondrivers

B)cancutroadaccidentsinhalfD)willlookmoreattractive

4.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto.

A)tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas

B)changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry

C)replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons

D)repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?

A)TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.

B)Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.

C)Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.

D)Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridership(客运量)alongthe

linescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDB

Needham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.

Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trains

werefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexisting

atthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardof

convenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreat

distances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderother

aspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrains

wouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers-thoseconcernedwith

safety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers-thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,

casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendeveloped

acampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoyment

ofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayed

westerntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeof

themorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains

(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsand

programsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.

Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15

percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

6.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A)Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedand

conve-nience.

B)TostresstheinlluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.

C)Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.

D)Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumer

atti-tudes.

7.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefact

that.

A)trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C)trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D)trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

8.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized.

A)thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B)thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C)theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D)thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

9.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureand

Americabecause.

A)theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B)theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C)theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D)mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

10.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because.

A)theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B)itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C)itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D)itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,and

itcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition-afindingthatcouldhelp

ridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuch

fasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions-tinyglobules(小球体)ofoneliquidevenly

distributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat'sintheglobulesandwhat'sinthe

surroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolution

arelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthe

wateryregionsofthemixture."Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughout

themixture,"hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartments(隔仓室)

burieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidly

runoutofnutrients(养料).Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.nIn

butter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthebacteriagrowing/'saysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbe

maderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood'sstructure.Brocklehurstbelieves

itwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.

Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

11.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst'sresearchisthat.

A)itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B)itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter

C)itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter

D)itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

12.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria.

A)aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B)multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C)liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D)producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

13.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby.

A)removingitsfatC)reducingitswatercontent

B)killingthebacteriaD)alteringitsstructure

14.Theword"colonies"(Line2,Para.4)refersto.

A)tinyglobulesC)bacteriacommunities

B)wateryregionsD)littlecompartments

15.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbe

maderesistanttobacterialattack.

A)byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B)byturningitintoasolidlump

C)whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D)whileretainingitsliquidform

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthe

manwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwell

over100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthis

interferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportable

electronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.

RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation(航空)industry,hasrecommendedthat

allairlinesban(禁止)suchdevicesfrombeingusedduring"critical"stagesofflight,particularly

take-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.

Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsome

airlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostare

reluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.

Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.

Expertsknowthatportabledevicesemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraft

usefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducethese

effectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerous

ornot.

Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable(易受损的)tointerferenceraisestheriskthat

terroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,is

thepassengerwhocan'theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooloud.

16.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A)anewregulationforallairlines

B)thedefectsofelectronicdevices

C)apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashes

D)effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight

17.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?

A)Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.

B)Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.

C)Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers'portablecomputers.

D)Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.

18.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevices

because.

A)theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerference

B)theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeproved

C)mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers

D)theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon

19.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonan

airplane'scomputers?

A)Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.

B)Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.

C)Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.

D)Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.

20.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.

A)isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers'useofelectronicdevicescompletely

B)hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterference

C)hasnztformedhisownopiniononthisproblem

D)regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflight

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司),globalmarketing,newcommunications

technologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobal

publicrelationsorPR.

Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipin

publicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,

theworld'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.The

Britishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.Arecentsurveyfoundthat

morethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planning

activities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondon

replacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.

WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendto

befairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,

forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,Americanslagbehindtheir

EuropeanandAsiancounterparts(相对应的人)inknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5

percentofBurson-MarshallzsU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasabout

thesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployees

fluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeon

internationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreet

Journal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondon

andTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.

PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNews

Network).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheworduforeign"wouldnolongerbeusedonCNN

newsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworld

sointerdependantthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.

21.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatened

becauseof.

A)anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompanies

B)shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologies

C)thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.

D)increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations

22.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause.

A)BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companies

B)BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companies

C)Britishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinplanningactivities

D)fouroftheworld'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned

23.Theword''provincial'1(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"

A)limitedinoutlook

B)likepeoplefromtheprovinces

C)rigidinthinking

D)interestedinworldfinancialaffairs

24.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry

A)speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluently

B)areignorantaboutworldgeography

C)arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterparts

D)enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications

25.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?

A)AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.

B)TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.

C)PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.

D)PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"foreign".

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld'sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopulation

growth-butmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointefforts

toreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetterresultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineat

Harvard.

Brazil'spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951and1960to

1.93%ayearbetween1981and1990,andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7childrenon

average.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince1990,anachievementthat

makesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries.

Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas(通俗电视连续剧)andinstalment

(分期付款)plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportant,althoughindirect,rolein

loweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneoftheworld'sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Globo,

Brazil'smostpopulartelevisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,while

threeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthycharacterslivingthe

highlifeinbigcities.

"Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardstheproblemsof

reproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues-notmanychildren,differentattitudes

towardssex,womenworking,'1saysMartine,"TheysentthisimagetoallpartsofBrazilandmade

peopleconsciousofotherpatternsofbehaviourandothervalues,whichwereputintoavery

attractivepackage."

Meanwhile,theinstalmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers."Thisled

toanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsandconsumptionwasincompatible(不相容的)

withunlimitedreproduction,usaysMartine.

26.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilhascutbackitspopulationgrowth.

A)byeducatingitscitizens

B)bycarefulfamilyplanning

C)bydevelopingTVprogrammes

D)bychance

27.Accordingtothepassage,manyThirdWorldcountries.

A)havenztattachedmuchimportancetobirthcontrol

B)wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrate

C)haven'tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulation

D)neglectedtheroleofTVplaysinfamilyplanning

28.Thephrase"putsitdownto1'(Line1,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto"

A)attributesitto

B)findsitareasonfor

C)sumsitupas

D)comparesitto

29.SoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil'sbirthratebecause.

A)theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTV

B)theyhavegraduallychangedpeople'swayoflife

C)peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackage

D)theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasures

30.WhatisMartine'sconclusionaboutBrazil'spopulationgrowth?

A)Theincreaseinbirthratewillpromoteconsumption.

B)Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducebirthrate.

C)Consumptionpatternsandreproductionpatternsarecontradictory.

D)Acountry'sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowthey

developedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.

Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirls

withanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayafter

theactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboys

andgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadult

world.

Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthe

centuriesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsof

craftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheir

developmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,

theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(北极的)peoples,generallythesamekindsof

toysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheir

surroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsand

vehicles.

Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjectto

technologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltothe

oxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(进步).Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)used

byababyin3,000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedby

inventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothe

limitationsofavailablematerials.

31.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywith

isthat.

A)theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined

B)mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers'professions

C)boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers

D)theylikechallengingactivities

32.Oneaspectofntheuniversalityoftoys"liesinthefactthat.

A)technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoys

B)theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities

C)theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys

D)thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover

33.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?

A)Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.

B)Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.

C)Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.

D)Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild'scharacter.

34.Regardedasakindofartform,toys.

A)followadirectlineofascent

B)alsoappealgreatlytoadults

C)arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogress

D)reflectthepaceofsocialprogress

35.Theauthorusestheexampleofarattletoshowthat.

A)intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterials

B)eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology

C)itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy-making

D)evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetime

PartII

Questions01-05arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Theconceptofculturehasbeendefinedmanytimes,andalthoughnodefinitionhasachieved

universalacceptance,mostofthedefinitionsincludethreecentralideas:thatcultureispassedn

fromgenerationtogeneration,thataculturerepresentsaready-madeprescriptionforlivingand

formakingday-to-daydecisions,and,finally,thatthecomponentsofacultureareacceptedby

thoseinthecultureasgood,andtrue,andnottobequestioned.Theeminentanthropologist

GeorgeMurdockhaslistedseventy-threeitemsthatcharacterizeeveryknownculture,pastand

present.ThelistbeginswithAge-gradingandAthleticsports,runstoWeaningandWeather

Control,andincludesonthewaysuchitemsasCalendar,Firemaking,PropertyRights,and

Toolmaking.Iwouldsubmitthateventhemostextremeadvocateofacultureofpoverty

viewpointwouldreadilyacknowledgethat,withrespecttoalmostalloftheseitems,every

American,beyondthefirstgenerationimmigrant,regardlessofraceorclass,isamemberofa

commonculture.Weallshareprettymuchthesamesports.Maybepoorkidsdon'tknowhowto

playpolo,andrichkidsdon*tspendtimewithstickball,butweallknowbaseball,andfootball,

andbasketball.Despitesomemisguidedeffortstoraiseminordialectstothestatusofseparate

tongues,weall,infact,sharethesamelanguage.Theremaybedifferencesindictionandusage,

butitwouldberidiculoustosaythatallAmericansdon'tspeakEnglish.Wehavethecalendar,the

law,andlargenumbersofotherculturalitemsincommon.Itmaywellbetruethatonafewofthe

seventy-threeitemsthereareminorvariationsbetweenclasses,butthesekindsofthingsarereally

slightvariationsonacommontheme.Thereareotheritemsthatshowvariability,notinrelationto

class,butinrelationtoreligionandethnicbackground-funeralcustomsandcooking,forexample.

ButifthereisoneplaceinAmericawherethemeltingpotisareality,itisonthekitchenstove;in

thecourseofonemonth,halfthereadersofthissentencehaveprobablyeatenpizza,hotpastrami,

andchowmein.Specificdifferencesthatmightbeidentifiedasignsofseparateculturalidentity

arerelativelyinsignificantwithinthegeneralunityofAmericanlife;theyareculturalcommasand

semicolonsintheparagraphsandpagesofAmericanlife.

01.Accordingtotheauthor'sdefinitionofculture,.

A.acultureshouldbeacceptedandmaintaineduniversally

B.acultureshouldbefree