高中人教版英语必修5 Unit 1-5 学案打包20份

Unit1Greatscientists

崔贝尔奖获得老，屠呦呦

TheNobelPrizewinner-----TuYouyou

TuYouyou,thefirstChinesewomantowinaNobelPrizein

science,hasmadeusallproud.Tu,bornin1930,discoveredartemisinin

（青蒿素），adrugthathasreducedthedeathrateforpatientssuffering

frommalaria（疟疾）.“Artemisininisagiftfortheworldpeoplefromthe

traditionalChinesemedicine^^.Itisofgreatimportanceforcuring

malariaandotherinfectiousdiseasesandforprotectingthehealthofthe

worldpeople.

Tu'swinningtheprizeshowsthatChinahasmaderapidprogress

inscientificandtechnologicalfieldandmarksagreatcontributionof

traditionalChinesemedicinetothecauseofhumanhealth.

TuwasborninNingbo,Zhejiangprovince,Chinaon30December,

1930.TustudiedatBeijingMedicalUniversitySchoolofPharmacy,and

graduatedin1955.LaterTuwastrainedfortwoandahalfyearsin

traditionalChinesemedicine.TuworkedattheAcademyofChinese

MedicineinBeijingaftergraduation.Shewaspromotedtoaresearcher

in1980onlyaftertheChineseeconomicreform.In2011,Tubecamethe

firstscientistinChinatowinAmerica'sLaskerAward（拉斯克奖）forher

achievements.CurrentlysheistheChiefScientistintheAcademy.

开启快乐学习之旅

中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，从而成为

首位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。她不怕吃苦、执着追求的精神值

得我们学习，其淡泊名利、默默奉献的品质让我们感动。“十年磨一

剑”，科学就需要这样的坚持和韧劲做支撑！

SectionIWarmingUp&Reading

雪削预习KEQIANYUXI--------------------

I.重点单词

1.defeat（".）打败；战胜；使受挫（儿）失败

2.expert（ad，.）熟练的;经验或知识丰富的（儿）专家；行家

3.attend（".）照顾；护理；出席；参加

4.expose（".）暴露；揭露；使曝光

5.cure（九）治愈；痊愈（”.）治愈；治疗

6.suspect（".）认为；怀疑（儿）被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

7.handle（儿）柄；把手（W.）处理；操纵

8.Jink（"&〃.）连接；联系

9.blame（".）责备；谴责；把...归咎于（〃.）过失；责备

10.victim（〃.）受害者

11.characteristic（九）特征；特性character（儿）（事物的）特性；

性质；（人的）品质；性格

12.absorb（".）吸收；吸引；使专心fabsorbed（。力：）全神贯注

的；一心一意的

13.announce（".）宣布；iBo-->announcement（〃.）宣告；宣布

fannouncer（九）播音员；宣告者

14.scientific（。的.）科学的-science（几）科学fscientist（〃.）科学

家

15.pollute（s.）污染；弄脏一pollution（九）污染

16.instruct（".）命令；指示；教导-*instruction（九）命令；指示

17.conclude结束；推断出fconclusion（儿）结论；结

束

18.challenge（".）挑战（”.）向...挑战fchallenging（。的'.）具有

挑战性的

II.核心短语

1.putforward提出；推荐

2.drawaconclusion得出结论

3.expose...to使显露；暴露

4.ofsb.'s/sth.'sday在某人/某物存在的时候

5.faceachallenge面临挑战

6.mark...on...在...上把...标出来

7.betoblame该受责备；应负责

8.link…to…将……和……联系或连接起来

9.lookinto调查

10.slowdown减速；减缓

HI.经典句式

1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewas

anoutbreak.

因此，每次霍乱暴发时就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。

3.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassosevere

thatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.

在两条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500

多人死亡。

4.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthat

thesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.

为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰・斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检

测。

单词攻略

1.联想记单词

①虽然他是嫌疑犯(suspect),但我们也要尊重(respect)他。

②不要责备(blame)这个痫腿(lame)的人。

③不要跳(jump)到水泵(pump)上。

2.归类记单词：一ly结尾的形容词

deadly致命的；friendly友好的；lovely可爱的；lively活泼的；

lonely孤独的;daily每日的;weekly每星期的;yearly每年的

3.名词动用

①defeatn.失败-*力击败

②challenge”.挑战f“向...挑战

③suspect被怀疑者；嫌疑犯一。心认为；怀疑

©curen.治愈；痊愈f”.治愈；治疗

4.名词后缀：一tion,—sion,—ment

①pollute污染；弄脏fpollution儿污染

©instructvt.命令；指示；教导-instruction几命令；指示

©concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出一conclusion机结论；结束

©announcevt.宣布；announcementn.宣告；宣布

课文预读

[原文呈现]

JOHNSNOW①DEFEATS②

“KINGCHOLERA③”

JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,

thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthe

becameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed

tocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday10.Neitheritscause

noritscure11wasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeople

diedeverytime⑫」here.wasanoutbreak⑬.JohnSnowwantedtofacethe

challenge11andsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldnever

becontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.

Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthat⑮possiblyexplainedhow

cholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultiplied®inthe

air.Acloudof"dangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims®.

Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbed9thisdiseaseintotheir

bodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattacked

thebodyandsoontheaffected®persondied.

[读文清障]

①JohnSnow约翰・斯诺(1813—1858),英国医生

②defeat[dFfi：t]打败;战胜；使受挫

③KingCholera1854年爆发于英国的一次严重霍乱

©expert['eksps：t]adj.熟练的n.专家；行家

⑤attend©tend]照顾；护理；参加

⑥QueenVictoria维多利亚女王(1819—1901)

©physician[fl'zljn]n.医生；内科医师

⑧expose[Ik'spouz]...to使...显露；暴露

过去分词短语exposedtocholera作后置定语，修饰peopleo

©deadly['dedll]adj.致命的

⑩ofitsday当时；那时。在句中作后置定语。

⑪cure[kjs]".治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗

⑫everytime每次，用作连词，连接时间状语从句。

⑬outbreak['aUtbrelk]〃.爆发；发作（尤指疾病或战争）

⑭challenge「tjeellnd3]n.挑战

⑮that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词theorieso

©multiplyv.繁殖；成倍增加；乘

⑰acloudof一团...

⑱victim['vlktlm]n.受害者

⑲absorb[ab'zo:b]vt.吸收；吸引；使专心

absorb...into…将...吸入....

⑳过去分词affected在句中作定语，意为“受疾病侵袭的”。

约翰•斯诺战胜“霍乱王”

[第1〜2段译文]

约翰・斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成

了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。但当他一想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威

胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱是当时最致命的疾病。人们既

不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。因此，每次霍乱暴发时就

有成千上万惊恐的人死去。约翰・斯诺想面对这个挑战，解决这个问

题。他知道在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。

对于霍乱是如何致人死亡的，当时有两种相对合理的看法，斯诺

对这两种看法比较感兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖，它

像一股危险的气体到处飘浮，直到找到宿主为止。第二种看法是人们

是在吃饭时把这种病毒带入体内的。疾病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全

身，感染者很快就会死亡。

JohnSnowsuspected4thatthesecondtheorywascorrect

butheneededevidence.Sowhenanotheroutbreakhit、'London

in1854»hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry°.As®thedisease

spreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods",hebeganto

gatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraout­

breakwassosevere11that⑥morethan500peoplediedinten

days.Hewasdeterminedtofindout4'why.

@suspect[sa'spekt]vt.认为；怀疑['sAspekt]n.被怀疑者；嫌

疑犯

㉒hit”（厄运、灾难等）突然袭击；侵袭

©enquiry[In'kwalorl]n.询问

㉔as在句中引导时间状语，意为“当……时候”。

neighbourhood['nelbshod]n.附近；令B近

®severe[sl'vh]adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的

㉗so...that…”如此……以至于……”

bedeterminedtodo下定决心做

［第3段译文］、约翰・斯诺推测第二种理论是正确的，但他需要证

据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱时，约翰・斯诺就准备开始他

的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，他就开始收集资料。在两

条特定的街上霍乱流行得很严重，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。

他决心要查明原因。

Firsthemarkedon⑥amaptheexactplaceswhereallthe

deadpeoplehadlived"".Thisgavehimavaluableclue'%about

thecauseofthedisease.Manyofthedeaths'%werenearthe

waterpumpinBroadStreet"’（especiallynumbers16,37,38

and40）.Healsonoticedthatsomehouses（suchas20and21

BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet®）hadhadno

deaths.Hehadnotforeseen'this»sohemadefurtherinvesti­

gations^.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat

7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohad

notdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthat^thewater

wastoblame'.

Next,JohnSnowlookedinto®thesourceofthewaterfor

thesetwostreets.Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollu­

ted11bythedirtywaterfromLondon.Heimmediatelytoldthe

astonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandle!from

thepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused“，.Soonafterwardsthe

diseasesloweddown'".Hehadshownthatcholerawasspread

bygerms⑮andnotinacloudofgas.

@mark…on…把...标在....上

㉚where引导定语从句，修饰先行词placeso

㉛clue[klui]n.线索；提示

®deathn.死；死亡（人数）；死亡案例

®pump[pAmp]n.泵；抽水机”.（用泵）抽（水）

@BroadStreet牛津城的宽街，历史建筑群最密集的街道之一。

@Cambridge['kelmbrldS]Street剑桥大街

@foresee[foi'sii]vt.（foresaw,foreseen）预见；预知

investigation[inivestligeljn]儿调查

@Itseemedthat…好像...

@blame[blelm]vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备

betoblame应受责备；该受责备

⑩lookinto调查；了解

©pollute[po'luit]vt.污染；弄脏

©handle['hiendl]n.柄；把手vt.处理；操纵

©sothat引导目的状语从句。

@slowdown减缓；缓解

⑥germ[d33:m]几微生物；细菌

[第4〜5段译文]

首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的确切的地方。这提

供了一条说明霍乱病因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水

泵附近（特别是16、37、38、40号）。约翰・斯诺还发现有些住宅（如宽

街上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号）却无人死亡。他

以前没预见到这种情况，所以他进行了更进一步的调查。他发现，这

些人都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，

因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。

接下来，约翰・斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。他发现，水是从河

里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失

措的百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就得

到缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气体传播的。

InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupporting05evidence

fromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedto1theBroadStreet

outbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroad

Street®,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit

delivered1,1toherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughter

diedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.Withthisextraevi­

denceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertainty"1that

pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

Topreventthisfromhappening"again,JohnSnowsug­

gestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined"”.

Thewatercompanieswereinstructed1nottoexposepeopleto

pollutedwateranymore.Finally**KingCholera^^wasdefeated.

@supportingadj.有力的；（演员、角色）次要的；配角的

supportingevidence有力的证据

©link[llrjk]vt.&n.连接；联系

Iink...to...将……和……联系或连接起来

@who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词womano

龄haditdelivered（让人运送它）中it代指上文的water,have为

使役动词，过去分词delivered作宾语补足语。

announce[s'naOns]vt.宣布；通告

withcertaintyu肯定地”，作状语。

prevent...(from)doing阻止...做....

⑥beexamined为虚拟语气结构，其前省略了should0

@instruct[In'strAkt]vt.命令；指示；教导

instructsb.todosth.指导某人做某事

[第6〜7段译文]

在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡

病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜

欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的

女儿喝了这种水后，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个额外的证据，约

翰・斯诺就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。

为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰・斯诺建议所有水源都要经过

检测。供水公司得到指示，再也不能让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，

“霍乱王”被击败了。

课文理解

TaskOne：FastReading

I.Thetextmainlytellsusabout.

A.JohnSnow,afamousdoctor,whohadtwotheoriesabouthow

choleraspread

B.JohnSnow,afamousdoctor,whotestedthetwotheories,found

thecauseofcholeraandhowtocontrolit

C.JohnSnow,asafamousdoctor,warnedpeoplenottodrinkthe

pollutedwater

D.JohnSnow'stwofamoustheoriesaboutcholerawhichweregreat

答案：B

II.Readthepassagetofindatopicsentenceforeachparagraphby

fillingintheblanks.

Para.1What1.causescholera?

Para.2Whichtheoryis2.correct?

Para.33.Collectdataonthosewhofellillordiedandwherethey

lived.

Para.4Plotinformationonamaptofindout

4.wherepeoplediedordidn't.

Para.5Findoutwheretheygottheirwater.Analysethewatertosee

5.if..itwasthe,causeofthedeaths.

Para.6Findother6.evidencetosupporttheanalysis.

Para.7Itwascertainthat7.pollutedwatercarriedthedisease.

TaskTwo：CarefulReading

IJudgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F).

1.Cholerawouldneverbecontrolledevenifitscausewas

found.(F)

2.Thediseaseattackedthebodyquicklyfromthestomachandsoon

theaffectedpersondied.(T)

3.JohnSnowbegantocollecttheinformationbeforethedisease

spread.(F)

4.Intwoparticularstreets,over500peoplediedin10dayswhen

anotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854.(T)

5.DeathsofthewomanandherdaughterwerelinkedtotheBroad

Streetoutbreak.(T)

II.Readthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothe

text.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon.

B.Thereasonthatcausedthedeadlydiseasecholera.

C.JohnSnowsolvedtheproblemofcholera.

D.Adeadlydiseaseinhistory-cholera.

答案：C

2.WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?

A.Acloudofdangerousgaswouldfloatarounduntilitfoundits

victims.

B.Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

C.Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.

D.Somepeoplethrewmedicinetothedrinkingwater.

答案：B

3.Before1854,whencholerabrokeout,.

A.manythousandsofpeopledied

B.peoplewithcholeracouldbecured

C.JohnSnowbegantoknowitscause

D.JohnSnowhadbegunhisenquiry

答案：A

4.Howdidhefindoutthecauseofthedisease?

A.Bylivingintheareawherecholerabrokeout.

B.Bymarkingamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.

C.Bytellingtheterrifiedpeoplehowtopreventit.

D.Bydoingmanyexperimentsinhislab.

答案：B

5.WhatdoyouthinktheLondonerswoulddowiththeunused

pumpsafterdefeating“KingCholera,??

A.Theywoulddestroythem.

B.Theywouldreusethemaftercleaning.

C.Theywoulddesertthemforgood.

D.Theywouldlookforanewwatersource.

答案：B

TaskThree：Micro-writing

Readthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.

JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.Cholerawasthe

1.deadly(dead)diseaseofitsday.Neitheritscause2.noritscurewas

understood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimethere

wasanoutbreak.Atthattime,thereweretwotheories3.explaining

(explain)howcholerakilledpeople.JohnSnow4.believed(believe)in

thesecondone.

Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughthepoorneighbourhoods,he

began5.to.gather(gather)theinformation.Hemarked6.onamapwhere

allthedeadpeoplehadlived.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthe

causeofthedisease.Thatwas,thewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump

seemed7.toblame(blame).Furthermore,hefoundthewatercamefrom

the8.polluted(pollute)riverfromLondon.Withanothertwocases,John

Snow9.announced(announce)withcertaintythatpollutedwatercarried

thediseaseandsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersupplies

lO.(should)beexamined(examine).Finally“KingCholera^^was

defeated.

哈课堂互动KETANGHUDONG

II重点单词

1conclusionn.结论；结束

(教材Pl)Drawaconclusion.得出结论。

(l)inconclusion最后，总之

makeaconclusion下结论

arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论，告一段落

(2)concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出

conclude...by/with...以……结束

conclude...from...从……中推断

D［即学即用］

(l)OvertheyearsI'vecometoaconclusionthatshe'saverygreat

musician.

这些年来，我得出的结论是她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。

(2)FromwhathesaysIconcludethathehasnotmuchinterestinit.

我从他所说的话来判断，他对此没有多大兴趣。

(3)Itisreportedthatthetalksbetweenthetwocountriesareexpected

toconcludeonSaturday.

据报道，这两国之间的会谈有望在星期六结束。

(4)语法填空

①Moreresearchisneededbeforeadefiniteconclusion(conclude)

canbereached.

(2)Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankyouforallyourhelp.

(3)Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto

concludeitwithimportantpoints.

④Thiscontestwilllastoneandahalfmonths,concluding(conclude)

atthemiddleofDecember.

2defeatvt.击败；战胜；使受挫n.失败

(教材P2)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA,,

约翰・斯诺战胜“霍乱王”

D［即学即用］

(l)Thegeneralsufferedseveraldefeatsbeforefinallybeatingthe

enemy.

那位将军遭受数次战败后，终于击败敌军。

(2)Nodifficultycandefeatthisbravemansinceheissoconfident

andcapable.

没有困难可以击败这个勇敢的人，因为他很有信心并且很有能

力。

(3)Althoughhewasdefeatedintheboxingmatch,allthefansknew

thathehadplayedtothebestofhisability.

虽然在这场拳击赛中他被打败了，但是，所有的支持者都知道他

已经尽了最大的努力。

(4)语法填空

①ThegamewasoverandItalywonthevictory,defeating(defeat)

Australia.

②Theyoungplayerwasdefeated(defeat)byhispartnerinthe

game,buthedidn'tloseheart.

③Thewoundedhadtobeleftbehindwhenthedefeated(defeat)

armyleft.

3attendvt.&vi.照料，护理;出席,参加

(教材P2)JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,

indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.

约翰・斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成

了维多利亚女王的私人医生。

attendalecture/movie/meeting听演讲/看电影/参加会议

attendchurch做礼拜

attendawedding参加婚礼

attendto处理，对付；照料；接待(客人)

0［即学即用］

(l)Sheisnowcrazyaboutclassicalmusicandwillnotmissany

chancetoattendaconcertwithherhusband.

她现在对古典音乐着了迷，不会错过任何一次和她丈夫一同听音

乐会的机会。

(2)Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecause

shewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.

简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为那个时候她会在一个班

教课。

(3)I'mafraidIcan'tgotoyourpartytonight,forIhavesomething

importanttoattendto.

恐怕今晚我不能参加你们的聚会了，因为我有重要的事情要处

理。

(4)语法填空

①Hemadeanapologytomeforhisnotattending(attend)the

concertontime.

②SinceIambusy,wouldyouattendtothematterforme?

(5)写出句中attendto的意义

①Imaybelate—Ihaveoneortwothingstoattendto.(处理；办理)

②WillyouattendtotheshopforafewminuteswhileIgotothe

bank?(照顾；照看)

③I'mtoobusy.Ican'tattendtoyounow.(接待；招待)

4exposevt.使暴露，揭露，显露，使接触，使曝光

(教材P2)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelping

ordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.

但当他一想到要帮助那些遭受霍乱的普通百姓时一，他就感到很振

奋。

expose...to...把...暴露在....下

exposesth./sb./oneself(to...)

把……显露或暴露于……

beexposedto暴露于；接触到

D［即学即用］

(l)Don'texposeyourskintodirectsunlight,oryou'llgetsunburnt.

不要让你的皮肤直接暴露于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。

(2)Exposingstudentstogoodartandmusicisagoodthing.

让学生接触美好的艺术和音乐是一件好事。

(3)ViatheInternet,wecanbeexposedtoinfiniteinformation.

通过因特网，我们可以接触到无限的信息。

(4)语法填空

①Tostaywarmincoldweather,cold-bloodedanimalsmust

exposethemselvestoasourceofwarmthsuchasdirectsunlight.

②Somepeoplethinkweshouldn'texposethechildrentoplaying

(play)computergames.

③Helaughed,exposing(expose)hisyellowingbrokenteeth.

5curen.痊愈，治愈vt.治愈；治疗

(教材P2)Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

(l)acurefor.......的治疗办法(药物等)

(2)curesb.治愈，治好(病人)

curesb.ofsth.治好某人的...

口［即学即用］

(l)Findingacureforcancerisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacing

medicalresearchers.

寻找癌症的治疗方法是医学研究者们所面临的最大挑战之一。

(2)Doctorsarenowabletocurepeopleofmanydiseaseswhichin

formertimeswouldhavekilledthem.

现在，医生能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。

(3)语法填空

①Scientistshavesofarfailedtoprovideacureforthecommon

cold.

②Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocure(cure)because

theyarelikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.

6absorbvt.吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心

(教材P2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdisease

intotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。

absorbsb.'sattention吸引某人注意

absorboneselfin=be/getabsorbedin全神贯注于...

beabsorbedby被...吞并；为....所吸收

D［巧学助记］

吸收全神贯注

D［即学即用］

(l)Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthe

植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，从土壤中汲取水分。

(2)Thesurroundingvillageshavebeenabsorbedbythegrowing

city.

周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市中。

(3)Shewassoabsorbedinherjobthatshedidn'thearanyone

knockingatthedoor.

-Soabsorbedwassheinherjobthatshedidn'thearanyone

knockingatthedoor.

她工作非常专心，以至于有人敲门也没听到。

(4)语法填空

①Absorbed(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeevening

approaching.

②Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthe

sofa,absorbing(absorb)themselvesinconversation.

③Thoughitwasmidnight,shefoundherdaughtercompletely

absorbed(absorb)inherhomework.

7suspectvt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

(教材P2)JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrect

butheneededevidence.

约翰・斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。

suspectsb./sth.怀疑某人/某事

suspectsb.ofdoingsth.怀疑某人做某事

suspectsb.tobe...怀疑某人是....

suspect+that从句怀疑

D［即学即用］

(l)Onthefaceofit,heseemstobetellingthetruththoughIsuspect

he'shidingsomething.

表面上看，他似乎说的是实话，然而我怀疑他有所隐瞒。

(2)Themanagersaidhesuspectedthemanofstealingthepapersall

along.

经理说他一直都怀疑是那个人偷了文件。

(3)Itwasreportedthatthatmanwassuspectedtobeconnectedwith

thecrime.

据报道，那个人被怀疑与该犯罪事件有关。

(4)语法填空

①Thatengineerissuspectedofrevealingthegovernmentsecretto

theenemy.

②Thefellowsuspected(suspect)ofkillinghiswifewasfinally

putintoprison.

8announcevt.通告，宣布

(教材P3)WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannounce

withcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

有了这个额外的证据，约翰・斯诺就能够断言这种被污染了的水

携带着病菌。

(l)Itisannouncedthat...据宣布……/据通知

announcesth.tosb./tosb.sth.向某人宣布某事

(2)announcementn.通告，宣告，通知

makeanannouncement宣布

(3)announcern.广播员，播音员

L3［温馨提示］

表示“向某人宣布某事"用announcesth.tosb./tosb.sth.,而不能

用announcesb.sth.o

D［即学即用］

(l)MrWang,teacherofClass2,announcedtotheclassthatthere

wouldbenoschooltomorrow.

二班的王老师向学生们宣布明天不上课。

(2)Thedateoftheexaminationwillbeannouncedtoallschools

laterintheyear.

今年晚些时候将向所有学校宣布考试日期。

(3)Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol

wouldtheresidentsbepermittedtoreturntotheirhomes.

有通知规定，只有当火势得以控制后，才能允许居民们回家。

(4)语法填空

①Afterthepresidentmadeanofficialannouncement(announce),

sheexpressedherpersonalopinion.

②Thejudgesdidnotknowshewasphysicallydisableduntilthe

firstprizewinnerwasannounced(announce).

③Ihadjustfinishedmyexampaperwhenthebellrang,announcing

(announce)theclasswasover.

9blamevt.责备；谴责；把...归咎于

n.责怪，指责；过失

(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

看来水是罪魁祸首。

(l)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而指责某人

blamesth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人

sb.betoblamefor(doing)sth.某人因(做)某事应该受

到责备

(2)bear/taketheblame承担责任

put/laytheblameforsth.onsb.将某事归咎于某人

D［即学即用］

(l)Manychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakes

inspeakingEnglish.

许多孩子害怕讲英语时因犯错误而受责备。

(2)ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack'scarelessdriving.

-*Thepoliceput/laidtheblameforthetrafficaccidentonJack's

carelessdriving.

警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。

(3)Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyou

yourselfaretoblame.

不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时候该怪你自己。

(4)语法填空

①Itiscommonthatnowadayssomestudentsputtheblamefor

theirpoorperformanceinstudyontheirlowIQ.

②Hisadmissionthathewastoblame(blame)fortheaccident

kepttheothersfrombeingpunished.

10instructv.命令；指示；教导

(教材P3)Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexpose

peopletopollutedwateranymore.

自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。

(l)instructsb.todosth.指示某人做某事

instructsb.in(doing)sth.指导某人(做)某事

(2)instructiveadj.指示性的；有教育意义的

(3)instructionn.(常用复数形式)用法说明，

操作指南；指示，命令；讲授

D［即学即用］

(l)Thecollegewillneedanadditionalteachertoinstructthe

studentsincooking.

这所技术学校需要增加一名老师来向学生们传授烹饪技术。

(2)Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibeganto

acquireconfidence.

在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。

(3)1wantyoutoinstructthemthatthey'vegotthreemonthstoget

thedetailssortedout.

我想让你告知他们，他们有3个月的时间来解决细节问题。

(4)语法填空

①Thescientist'sreportwassoinstructive(instruct)thatwewere

allveryexcited.

②Inthecaseofanemergency,followtheinstructions(instruct)

writteninsidetheelevatorandtrytokeepotherscalm.

③Afinelifeisalifeinstructed(instruct)byknowledgeand

stimulatedbylove.

核心短语《

1putforward提出（建议'计划'理论等）；把...向前拨或移;

推荐，提名，推举

（教材Pl）Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?

谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？

putup挂起；举起；张贴

puton穿上；上演；假装

putaway把...收好，存放；储蓄

putanendto结束

putout熄灭，扑灭

putupwith容忍，忍受

putoff推迟

putdown记下；镇压

温馨提不］

在表示“提出"时，comeupwith和putforward为及物动词短语，

可以用于被动语态；而comeup是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。

D［即学即用］

(l)Aninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearound

Marshasbeenputforward(=hasbeencomeupwith).

有人提出一条测定火星周围大气层的有趣的建议。

(2)MywatchwasslowsoIputitforwardthreeminutes.

我的手表慢了，因此我把它往前拨了3分钟。

(3)Thewarmweatherhasputthecropsforwardbyamonth.

暖和的天气使庄稼早熟了一个月。

(4)用put短语的适当形式填空

①Whywedecidedtoputoffthemeetingwasthatourheadmaster

hadn'tcomebackfromBeijing.

②Myparentswantedmetobeadoctor,butIcouldn'tputupwith

allthoseyearsofstudy.

③You'dbetterputforwardyourreasonsrightnow.Wehaveno

timetowaste.

④Youarenotallowedtoputupadvertisementsonthiswall

withoutspecialpermission.

2belinkedto和...连在一起

(教材P3)InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidence

fromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.

在伦敦的另外一个地区，他从另外两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联

的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。

link...to...把....连接到....

link...with…把……和……连接起来

D［即学即用］

(l)Thetwotownsarelinkedtoeachotherbyarailway.

这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。

(2)ThisoldSilkRoadlinkedChinawiththeWestinancienttime.

这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。

(3)Regularairtrafficlinksthecitytotherestofthecountry.

定期班机把这座城市和全国其他地方连接起来了。

(4)Thehighwaybeingbuiltwill

linkthebigcitywiththis.smalltown.

正在修建的高速公路将把那座大城市和这个小镇连接起来。

(5)It'spossiblethathewaslinkedtothecase:hemighthavehad

ahandinplanningthemurder.

有可能他和这个案子有关：他可能参与计划了这起谋杀案。

经典句型,

Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.

1人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。

⑴句中neither...nor...意为“既不...也不....”，可连接两个

平行结构。

①Thisphe