不定式与复合句之间的转换

#不定式与复合句之间的转换-中考之总结+练习题一、动词不定式是一个仅仅含有动词原形和附加成分（宾语、表语）以及连带成分（状语）的短语，转换为从句时主要围绕动词做文章。既然不定式变成谓语动词，以下几点必需要考虑：1.在原句中找出不定式的逻辑主语，使其成为转换成句子后的主语；2.确定不定式所表达的时态或情态，把转换后的谓语动词变成相应的时态（将来、一般、完成或进行），有时候还有必要另加情态动词can/could,may/might；3.确定原不定式在句子中所充当的成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语），然后加上必要的关连词改为相应的从句。二、与转换有关的不定式的相关知识A.不定式的逻辑主语有下列几种情况1.句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语，如：Hehelpedtobuildareservoir.YoumustcometoseemeonSunday.WhathaveIdonetomakeyousoangry?2.不定式的逻辑主语是相邻的名词It'skindofyoutoseeme.Weknowhertobeabravegirl.Didyouseehimentertheroom?Itisforyoutodecide.3.不定式的逻辑主语存在于不言自明的语境中Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.（可能是we,you或everybody）Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.（we）Itiswrongnottohelpothers.（we,they或you）B.不定式的时态1.不定式的一般式的行为常表示下列两种时间：*如果作宾补，与谓语动词同时发生，如：Isawhimgoout.Wouldyouhelpmetoputthingsinorder?*其他情况多数发生在谓语动词后，如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.Hewantedtobeanactor.2.不定式的完成式的行为发生在谓语动词之前，如：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.3.不定式的进行式的行为发与谓语动词同时发生，如：Heseemstoberecovering.C.不定式的词性以及在句子中充当的成分1.名词性主语：Itisourdutytohelpyou.宾语：Shedecidedtotryagain.表语：Herjobistotakecareofthechildren.2.形容词性定语:Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.3.副词性目的状语：Hecameheretoseemeyesterday.结果状语：Heistooexcitedtogotosleep.形容词补足语。amsorrytohearthat.三、转换实例1.不定式名词从句Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.（主语）--Itisagreatpleasure（thatwecan）talkwithhim.Hehopestobeasailor.（宾语）一Hehopes（thathecan）beasailor.Mysuggestionistowaitalittlelongger.（表语）--Mysuggestionis（thatweshould）waitalittlelongger.Theplantofinishtheworkintwoweekshasbeenhandedin.（同位语）--Theplan（thatwe/theyshould）finishtheworkintwoweekshasbeenhandedin.2.不定式定语从句Heistheonlyonetogotothepartyinourclass.--Heistheonlyone（whowill/may）gotothepartyinourclass.3.不定式状语从句Weallworkhardinordertocompleteourassignmentintime.（目的）--Weallworkhardinorder（thatwecan）completeourassignmentintime.Wehurriedsoastobeintimeforthemeeting.（目的）--Wehurriedsoas（thatwemight）beintimeforthemeeting.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy（结果）--Heistooyoung（thathecouldnot）jointhearmy.Hisbehaviourwassuchasforusalltorefusetoreceivehiminourhomes.（结果）--Hisbehaviourwassuch（thatweallrefused）toreceivehiminourhomes.I'mverysorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.（原因）--I'mverysorry（because/as/forhavekeptyouwaiting.四、不定式的转换有时候不能死板硬套上面的格式，有些特殊情况还需要特殊对待。如：Foramoment（Iseemedto）havelostconsciousness.--（ItseemedthatI）hadlostconsciousness.（Theyhappenedto）meeteachotherinthestreet.--（Itsohappenedthat）theymeteachotherinthestreet.宾语从句是英语学习中的重点、难点，也是中考的热点。宾语从句与不定式（短语）的转换是中考考点之一，现将应注意的问题归纳如下：.【考题引导】A：Theyhaven'tdecidedwhichcameratheywillchoose.（2004年滨州）B：Theyhaven,tdecidedwhichcameratochoose.【要点领悟】当主句谓语动词hope，agree，wish，decide，choose等后接that引导的宾语从句，并且该从句的主语与其主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可转换成不定式（短语）。如：A：Thegirlhopesthatshecanbeadoctorsomeday.B：Thegirlhopestobeadoctorsomeday.A：Fatherdecidedthathewouldbuyanewcomputerforme.B：Fatherdecidedtobuyanewcomputerforme..【考题引导】A：DoyouknowwhenwewillvisittheGreatWall?（2004年襄樊）B：DoyouknowwhentovisittheGreatWall?【要点领悟】当主句谓语动词know，tell，forget，remember，learn，explain等后接疑问词（连接代词/副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可转换成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”形式。如：A：Wedon'tknowwhatweshoulddonext.B：Wedon'tknowwhattodonext.A：JimtoldLinTaohowhewouldspendtheday.B：JimtoldLinTaohowtospendtheday..【考题引导】A：CouldyoupleaseteachmehowIsearchtheInternet?（2003年邢台）B:CouldyoupleaseteachmehowtosearchtheInternet?【要点领悟】当主句谓语动词tell,ask,show,teach等后接双宾语，且直接宾语是疑问词（连接代词/副词）引导的宾语从句（从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致）时，宾语从句可转换成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”形式。如：A：CouldyoutellmehowIcanstartthemachine?B：Couldyoutellmehowtostartthemachine?A：Sheaskedmewhichskirtsheshouldchoose.B：Sheaskedmewhichskirttochoose.注意：以上三种情况中，宾语从句的谓语多表示将来意义。.【考题引导】A：Wefoundthathewasacleverboy.（2003年南京）B：Wefoundhimacleverboy.【要点领悟】suppose，feel，think，believe，find等后接的宾语从句可转换为含有不定式短语的复合宾语。1）宾语从句的主语转换成宾语，从句的谓语部分转换成宾语补足语的不定式短语“tobe+形容词/名词”。如：A：Ifindthattheplanisinteresting.B：Ifindtheplan（tobe）interesting.A：Allofherfriendssupposethatsheisagoodstudent.B：Allofherfriendssupposehertobeagoodstudent.2.宾语从句“itis+形容词/名词+不定式短语”转换成“it（形式宾语）+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+不定式短语（宾语）”的复合宾语。如：A：Wefinditisdifficulttopleaseher.B：Wefinditdifficulttopleaseher.A：Ithinkitismydutytotakegoodcareofmyoldparents.B：Ithinkitmydutytotakegoodcareofmyoldparents.宾语从句与不定式形式转换：.Theyfounditimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.（改为复合句）.Hisparentsthoughtitstrangethattheirsonhadn'twrittentothemfortoolong.（改为复合句）finditimportanttolearnanewskill.（改为复合句）.Heconsideredhimselfanexpertonthesubject.（改为复合句）.Afteralongsearch,wefoundtheboysafe.（改为复合句）.Weoftenseehimplayfootballontheplayground.（改为复合句）.A11ofusthinkMr.Greenagoodperson.（改为复合句）.Hecouldhearhisheartbeatingveryfast.（改为复合句）.I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.（可以用if吗？）IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.（可以用if吗？）Idon'tknowwhethertogo.Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.（可以用if吗？）.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.（可以用if吗？）.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.（可以用if吗？）.LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.（改为简单句）.Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.（改为复合句）.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?（改为简单句）.Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.（改为简单句）.Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.（改为简单句）.Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome.（改为简单句）一下都是0.Beforethemachinesleavethefactory,thereisaseriesofteststhatmustbepassed.AttheendofthespeechheexpressedthedesirethatheshouldcomeandworkinChinasomeday..Thecommandergaveordersthatweshouldcrosstheriver..Shewasexcitedwhensheheardthenews.I'mgladIhaveseenyourmother..Themotherwaspleasedwhenshesawhersondoingsowellatschool..Hewasveryhappywhenhesawussohappy..Theywillbedisappointedwhentheyhearit.wassoforgetfulthatIdidn'tlockthedoorlastnight..Therobotwassocarefulthatitremindedmeofthis..IgotupearlysothatIcouldgettothestationintime..Heissocarelessthathealwaysmakesmistakesinhiswork..Heissostrongthathecancarrythebigbox.33.Idon'tknowwhereIshouldgonext.34.Ithasbeendecidedwhenwewillleavetheterribleplace.35.Thoughheislonely,hedoesn'tknowwhohecantalkto.二、用所给词的形式填空：1.Doyouknowhow（pronounce）theword?2.Isawtheboys（swim）inthepool.3.Iwonder（if）Icanpasstheexamornot.foundit（possible）tofinishthisworkinsuchashorttime.henoticedaboy（lie）onthefloorandcrying..Theydecided（buy）adigitalcameraonline.三、复合句改为简单句，简单句改为复合句.Heissoyoungthathecannottotoschool.--Heisyounggotoschool..Sheissoleverthatshecanworkouttheproblem.Sheisworkouttheproblem..Heexerciseseverydaysothathecankeepfit.--Heexerciseseverydaykeepfit..Hewentoverhiscompositionagainandagainsoasnottomakeanymistakes--Hewentov