牛津译林版九年级下册英语：Unit 4 Life on Mars 词汇与语法基础训练

///Unit4LifeonMarsUnit4LifeonMars知识精讲知识精讲一、必背词汇Marsn.火星helmetn.头盔gravityn.重力planetn.行星crowdedadj.拥挤的pollutedadj.被污染的increasen.增加rapidadj.快地,迅速地passengern.乘客uncomfortableadj.使人不舒服的,不舒适的oxygenn.氧气tastyadj.味道好的speciallyadv.专门的,特地floatv.飘浮；漂浮comparev.比拟interplanetaryadj.行星间的networkn.网络challengingadj.挑战性的rapidlyadv.快地,迅速地awareadj.知道,意识到circlev. 围绕；将……圈起来agreementn. 一致,同意distancen.距离；远处possibilityn. 可能性alienn.外星人strangern.外来者,陌生人percentagen.百分率；百分数disadvantagen.劣势,缺点,不利条件riskn.风险,危险goodsn.复〕商品,货品electronicadj.电子的entertainmentn.娱乐二、重点词汇1.crowdedadj. /ˈkraʊ.dɪd/Ifaplaceiscrowded,itisfullofpeople.拥挤的；挤满人的例句：AsChristmasgetscloser,theshopsgetmoreandmorecrowded.随着圣诞节的临近,商店变得越来越拥挤。2.uncomfortableadj./ʌnˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/1).notfeelingcomfortableandpleasant,ornotmakingyoufeelcomfortableandpleasant不舒服的；令人难受的例句：Theseshoesarereallyuncomfortable.这双鞋子穿在脚上实在难受。2).slightlyembarrassed,ormakingyoufeelslightlyembarrassed有点儿为难的；令人不自在的例句：anuncomfortablesilence令人不自在的沉默3.floatv./fləʊt/1).tostayonthesurfaceofaliquidandnotsink漂浮例句：Anemptybottlewillfloat.空瓶子能浮起来。2).to(causeto)moveeasilythrough,oralongthesurfaceofaliquid,orto(causeto)moveeasilythroughair〔使〕漂流；〔使〕浮动；〔使〕飘动；〔使〕飘移例句：Wespentalazyafternoonfloatingdown/alongtheriver.我们沿河漂流而下,懒洋洋的度过了一个下午。4.comparev./kəmˈpeər/1).toexamineorlookforthedifferencebetweentwoormorethings比照,对照,比拟例句：Thatseemsexpensive-haveyoucomparedpricesinothershops?那好似很贵你有没有比拟一下其他店里的价格？2).tojudge,suggest,orconsiderthatsomethingissimilarorofequalqualitytosomethingelse将…比作；拿…与…相比；认为…和…相似〔或不相上下〕例句：Youcan'tcomparethetwocities-they'retotallydifferent.你不能把这两座城市相提并论——它们完全不同。5.agreementn./əˈɡriː.mənt/1).thesituationinwhichpeoplehavethesameopinion,orinwhichtheyapproveoforacceptsomething意见一致；同意；应允例句：Thewholefamilywasinagreementwithherabout/onwhattheyshoulddo.关于他们应该做什么,全家人都和她意见一致。2).adecisionorarrangement,oftenformalandwritten,betweentwoormoregroupsorpeople协议,协定；和约例句：Finallythetwosideshavereachedanagreement.双方终于达成了协议。三、必背短语airtank氧气罐 driedfood干粮powerpack电源包 (all)overagain再；重新sleepingbag睡袋 ata/thespeedof以……的速度intheformof 以……的形式 compareto/with与……相比carryout开展；执行 afterall毕竟四、经典句型1.HowdoyoulikelifeonMars?你觉得火星上的生活怎么样？2.Ourownplanet,theEarth,isbecomingmoreandmorecrowdedandpollutedbecauseoftherapidincreaseinpopulation.因为人口的快速增长,我们自己的地球正变得越来越拥挤且污染越来越严重。3.Humanscannotsurvivewithoutwater,oxygenorfood.人类离开水、氧气或者事物就不能生存。4.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutthree-eighthsofthatontheEarth.火星上的重力仅约为地球重力的八分之三。5.ComparedwithlifeontheEarth,lifeonMarswouldbebetterinsomeways.跟地球生活相比,火星上的生活在某些方面可能更好。三点剖析三点剖析一、考点简单句和复合句的转换1.含状语从句的复合句和简单句之间的转换。我们可以用一些含有介词短语的简单句改写一些含有状语从句的复合句。例句：Hewasabletoswimwhenhewas8yearsold.他八岁的时候就会游泳。(时间状语从句)Hewasabletoswimattheageof8.他八岁就会游泳。Hecouldnotgotherebecausehehadtoomuchhomework.因为他有太多的作业,他不能去那里。(原因状语从句)Hecouldnotgotherebecauseoftoomuchhomework.因为太多的作业,他不能去那里。注意：转换时要注意时态和意思的一致性和准确性。2.含宾语从句的复合句和简单句之间的转换。我们可以借助一些介词来进行含有宾语从句的复合句和简单句的转换。例句：AreyoucertainthatTomwilltellthetruth?你确信汤姆会说实话吗？〔宾语从句〕AreyoucertainaboutTom'swords?你确信汤姆的话吗?WhathesaidremindsmethathehelpedmewithmyEnglishinthepast.他说的话使我想起了他过去帮助我学习过英语。(宾语从句)WhathesaidremindsmeofhishelpwithmyEnglishinthepast.他说的话使我想起了他过去在英语学习上对我的帮助。注意：一些动词和介词的搭配。如：remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事；besureabout对……确信。3.含定语从句的复合句和简单句之间的转换。我们可以用一些含有介词短语的简单句来与含有定语从句的复合句进行转换。例句：Doyouknowthemanwhoisholdingtwobooksinhishandnow?你认识那个手里正拿着两本书的男子吗?(定语从句)Doyouknowthemanwithtwobooksinhishandnow?你认识那个手里正拿着两本书的男子吗?TheteacherwhoiswearingasmileonhisfaceismynewEnglishteacher.那位面带微笑的老师是我的新英语老师。(定语从句)TheteacherwithasmileonhisfaceismynewEnglishteacher.那位面带微笑的老师是我的新英语老师。注意：介词的选择和搭配。二、易错点1.problem&question1).problem通常指急于解决或决定的重大问题或难题,常作thinkabout,solve,workout等的宾语。例句：Thisisadifficultsocialproblemtosolve.这是一个很难解决的社会问题。2).question着重指由于对某事感到疑惑不解或不能断定而提出并等待解答的问题,一般指不难的、在较短时间内能解决的问题,常与answer,ask等连用。例句：Pleaseanswerthequestion.请答复这个问题。2.hurt&harm1).hurt意为“伤害〞,指感情、自尊心上的伤害,也指人身体上受了伤害。例句：Hehurthisbackwhenhefell.他跌倒时伤了背。2).harm意为“伤害,损坏〞,所指伤害往往是抽象的、笼统的。例句：Thenoiseofmachinesharmedtheirhearing.机器的噪音伤害了他们的听力。题模精选题模精选题模一：Unit4词汇应用例1.1.1Foodsafetyhasbecomeasocialfocusnow.That’swhylawsaremadeto_________crimesonfood.A．record B．prevent C．divide D．separate例1.1.2根据汉语完成句子。1).政府正在努力改善民生。Thegovernmentis___________________________improvepeople’slives.2).我相信他会满意的。I__________________thathewillbesatisfied.题模二：语法--简单句和复合句的转换例1.2.1Thefarmershadtostop_________inthefield_________theheavyrain.A．working;because B．towork;because C．working;becauseof D．towork;becauseof例1.2.2将以下复合句改为简单句。1).Wecan’tdoitifyoudon’thelpus.________________________________________________2).Thepianistbegantolearntoplaythepianowhenhewasfouryearsold.________________________________________________3).Areyousurethattheyareinterestedinit?________________________________________________随堂练习随堂练习随练1.1_________theway,doyouthinkthisjobhasbecomeeasierthanitusedtobe?Tobehonest,ithasturnedouttobemoredifficult_________someways.A．In;on B．By;on C．By;in D．In;by随练1.2Althoughitis_________towearahelmetforalongtime,itcanprotectyourhead.A．special B．uncomfortable C．crowded D．unsure随练1.3Mrs.Yangoftenmakes_________cakesandbiscuitsforkidsandkidslikethemverymuch.A．strange B．tasty C．awful D．polluted随练1.4What_________ofhighschoolstudentsgotocollege?About70%.A．percentage B．number C．population D．temperature随练1.5What'sthemostpopularformof_________inthiscity?It'shardtosay.Maybegoingtothemoviesis.A．environment B．entertainment C．experiment D．experience随练1.6根据首字母提示或汉语提示填写单词。1.I'mreadytodoallthosethingswhicharemorec_________.2.Afterhewas60,hishealthwasfallingr_________.3.TheInternetisaworldwidecomputern_________.4.Herweightshowedani_________of3kginamonth.Shedecidedtoloseweightagain.5.Howmany_________(乘客)canthebusholdeachtime?6.Canfishlivewithout_________(氧气)?7.TheEarthisoneofthe_________(行星)thattravelaroundthesun.8.Look!Amodelshipis_________(漂浮)onthelake.自我总结自我总结课后作业课后作业作业1TheGreatGreenWallcan_________thewindandsandfrommovingtotherichlandinthesouthofChina.A．prevent B．protect C．provide D．promise作业2Idon'tfeellike_________now.Iprefertohaveawalkaftersupper.A．walk B．walking C．walks D．towalk作业3Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?Wonderful!_________ofthelandcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A．Twofifths;is B．Twofifth;is C．Twofifths;are D．Twofifth;are作业4根据汉语提示完成句子。1.你们地区人口增长得快吗?Isthepopulationinyourarea__________________?2.我家离学校10公里远。Myhomeistenkilometers__________________school.3.我们同意他们的决定。Weare__________________withtheirdecision.4.我的包的款式和他的类似。Thestyleofmybagis___________________________ofhis.5.人类正在考虑移民去别的星球?Arehumans___________________________toanotherplanet?作业5AreyouwillingtoliveonMarsoneday?_________.Itsoundsexciting,butitstillworriesme.A．.OfcourseIam. B．I'mnotsure.C．Whynot? D．Areyoujoking?作业6ThedocumentaryABiteofChinaisquitepopulararoundChinarecently.Howdoyoulikeit?_________.A．Ithinkso B．Prettygood C．It’smypleasure D．Allright答案解析题模精选题模精选题模一：Unit4词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析,句意：现在食品平安已成为社会焦点。那就是为什么制定关于阻止食品犯罪的法律,prevent意为“阻止〞,符合句意。应选B。例1.1.2【答案】1).workinghardto2).amsure【解析】考查本课词汇的应用,需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法--简单句和复合句的转换例1.2.1【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配,第一空考查stopdoingsth,意为“停止做某事〞；第二空后heavyrain是名词短语,须用becauseof。应选C。例1.2.2【答案】1).Wecan’tdoitwithoutyourhelp.2).Thepianistbegantolearntoplaythepianoattheageoffour.3).Areyousureabouttheirinterestinit?【解析】考查本课语法的应用,需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随堂练习随堂练习随练1.1【答案】C【解析】考查介词,前空考查bytheway,意为“顺便说/问一下〞；后空考查insomeways,意为“在某些方面〞。应选C。随练1.2【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析,uncomfortable意为“不舒服