(全国通用)高考英语二轮复习考前三个月专题一阅读理解细做模拟试题,题型分类突破(七)主旨大意之段落大

（七）主旨大意之段落大意题主旨大意之段落大意题ADoyouknowelectricitycanchangethewaywetaste

food?Provingthisfactisarevolutionaryelectricfork

designedbyJapaneseresearchersthatcanmakeanydish

tastesalty.AccordingtoHiromiNakamura,aPostDocResearchFellowatTokyo,sMeiji

University，thetechnologycanbeveryusefulforpeopleonspecial

diets.Patientswithhighbloodpressure，forinstance，caneasilygoona

low-saltdietandstillenjoydeliciousfood.Andwiththefork,there,s

absolutelynoriskofover-saltingtheirfood.Luckily,thevoltage(⅛1≡)isso

smallthatthereisnoriskofelectrocution(⅛⅛⅛)either.Theideaofaddingelectricitytofoodwasfirstexposedasanexperiment

attheComputerHumanInteractionConferenceinAustin,Texas,in2012.Nakamura

andherteamconnectedawiretoa9-voltbatteryandpasseditthroughastraw

placedinacupofsweetlemonade.Volunteersreportedthatthechargedlemonade

tasted“blander”,becausetheelectricitycreatedthetasteofsalt.Nakamurahasimprovedthetechnologytobeabletotransferanelectric

chargetofoodthroughforksandchopsticks.“Themetallicpartoftheforkis

oneelectrode(电极)，andthehandleistheother,“Nakamuraexplained."When

youtakeapieceoffoodwiththeforkandputitinyourmouth,youconnect

thecircuit.Whenyouremovetheforkfromyourmouth,youdisconnectthe

circuit.Soitactuallyworksasaswitch.”SimonKlose,hostoffoodprogramMunchies,whorecentlyvisitedNakamura

totryouttheforkhimself,calledthisformof“foodhackingvoneofthe

greatesteatingexperienceshe,deverhad.“WhenIfirstheardofelectricfood,itsoundedscary,“hesaid.He

latercontinuedtouseachargedforktoeatpiecesoffriedchicken,andfound

thatthesaltinessconsiderablyincreasedastheelectricitywasconnected.Nakamurahasbeeneating“electric“foodforthepastthreetofouryears

inanattempttounderstanditbetter.“Forme，"foodhacking,isabout

strengtheningorweakeningrealfood,“shesaid.“Itmayseemlikewe,re

cookingbutwe,reactuallyworkingonthehumansenses.”（七）主旨大意之段落大意题语篇解读本文属于科普说明文，主要介绍了日本科学家使用电流改变食物的味道的研究。Theelectricforkmaybenefitpeoplewho.A．needtogoonadietB.havehighbloodpressureC.preferfoodfreeofsaltD.showinterestintastyfood答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"Patientswithhighbloodpressure,forinstance,caneasilygoonalow-saltdietandstillenjoydeliciousfood.”可知，患高血压的人使用这一技术仍然可以享受盐分低而美味的食物，这些食物属于健康食物。说明这一技术对患高血压的人有益。故B正确。Paragraph4mainlytellsUS.A.howtheelectricforkworksB.whatmakesthecircuitconnectedC.howthetechnologywasimprovedD.whytheelectricforkwasinvented答案A解析段落大意题。阅读本段可知，本段主要介绍theelectricfork的工作原理。Fromthepassage,Welearnthattheelectricfork.A.createsvirtualtasteB.changespeople’sdietsC.helpscurediseasesD.replacessaltincooking答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,实际上电击只是给人一种虚拟的假味道,实际上食物还是原来的味道。故A正确。BInanticipation（预料）ofanextraordinaryvisit,thestreetsandbuildingsofHavana,Cuba,werecleanedandpaintedbydozensofworkers.Whatwastheoccasion?Forthefirsttimeinnearly90years,asittingUnitedStatespresidentwascomingtoCuba,anislandnation90milessouthofFlorida.OnSunday,PresidentBarackObama,joinedbyhisfamily,steppedoffAirForceOneand（七）主旨大意之段落大意题ontoarainyrunway,whereCubandignitaries（高官）eagerlyawaitedhim.“It'swonderfultobehere，”thepresidentsaid.ThelasttimeaU．S.presidentcametoCubawasin1928.ItwasPresidentCalvinCoolidge，andhearrivedonabattleship.ObamawillbeinCubathroughTuesday.HeissettomeetwithCuba’spresident，RaulCastro，attendastatedinnerandeventakepartinabaseballgame.TheU．S.cutalltieswithCubaafterFidelCastro’scommunistgovernmenttookcontroloftheislandin1959.Intheyearsthatfollowed，bothcountries’opposingpoliticalviewsfurtheredtheseparation.PlansforsocialandeconomicchangebeganafterPresidentFidelCastrotransferredpowertohisbrother，Raulin2008.RaulCastrothensetaplaninmotiontorevivethecountry’seconomy.Sincethen，Cubahasbeentakingsmall，yetlastingstepstowardchangebyremovinganumberofrestrictionsthathadbeensetonitscitizens，suchasaccesstotheInternet，theuseofcellphones，andbyallowingpeopletoworkatjobsnotcontrolledbythegovernment.Cuba，however，stillhastoughlimitsonmedia，publicassemblyandpoliticalopposition.ObamahopestosharehisvisionforCuba’sfutureduringaspeechhewilldeliver.Beforethetrip，SeniorAdvisorBenRhodessaidthepresidenthopedtousethisvisitasawayto“continuetocreateopeningsforgreatengagementbetweentheAmericanandCubanpeople.”语篇解读本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了美国总统奥巴马访问古巴的新闻，分析了这次访问的前因后果以及深远影响。4．Whatisstressedinthesecondparagraph?A．PresidentObama’sarrivalontelevision.B．ObamaandCastrotalkabouthumanrights.C．ThefirstservingU．S.presidenttovisitCubarecently.D．FirstladyMichelleObamawaslaterwelcomed.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第二段第一句"Forthefirsttimeinnearly90years，asittingUnitedStatespresidentwascomingtoCuba，anislandnation90milessouthofFlorida.”可知奥巴马访问古巴是90年以来在职的美国总统第一次访问古巴，这是有划时代的意义的一次访问。所以本段想强调的也正是这一点。（七）主旨大意之段落大意题5．WhatwastheeventshowingCuba’schangeforthebetter?A．FidelCastrorosetopower.B．RaulCastrocametopower.C．CalvinCoolidgearrivedinCuba.D．TheU．S.officialsarrivedinCuba.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句"PlansforsocialandeconomicchangebeganafterPresidentFidelCastrotransferredpowertohisbrother，Raulin2008.RaulCastrothensetaplaninmotiontorevivethecountry’seconomy.”及第四段第一句可知，在2008年FidelCastro把总统的职位传给他的弟弟RaulCastro以后，RaulCastro就进行了一系列的社会和经济改革，使古巴的情况逐渐好转。故B项正确。6．AccordingtoBenRhodes，whichisthepurposeofBarackObama’svisittoCuba?A．TobringnegativechangeforCubans.B．TocarryouthisvisionforCuba’sfuture.C．Tobreaksilenceandnocommunications.D．TogiveMr.Castroalistofpoliticalviews.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一句“...thepresidenthopedtousethisvisitasawayto‘continuetocreateopeningsforgreatengagementbetweentheAmericanandCubanpeople.’”可知，奥巴马总统希望通过本次访问打破美国和古巴之间多年没有联系的局面并进一步深入双方的关系和联系。故C正确。CPeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto，theystillhavenoideawhatthey’repayingforFacebookbecausepeopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.Thebiggestproblem，however，isthatthecompanykeepschangingtherules.Earlyon，youkeepeverythingprivate.ThatwasthegreatthingaboutFacebook—youcouldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.However，thecompanychangeditsprivacyrulessothatmanythings—yourcity，yourphoto，your（七）主旨大意之段落大意题friends'names—wereset,bydefault（默认）tobesharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.AccordingtoFacebook’svice-presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon’tshareinformation，theyhavea“lesssatisfyingexperience”．SomecriticsthinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomakemoremoney.Inoriginalbusinessmodel，whichinvolvedsellingadsandputtingthem，atthesideofthepages，totallytired.Whowantstolookatadswhenthey’reonlineconnectingwiththeirfriends?TheprivacyissuehasalreadylandedFacebookinhotwaterinWashington.InApril，SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebooktochangeitsprivacypolicy.HealsourgedtheFederalTradeCommissiontosetguidelinesforsocialnetworkingsites.“Ithinkthesenatorrightlycommunicatedthatwehadnotbeenclearaboutwhatthenewproductswereandhowpeoplecouldchoosetousethemornottousethem，”Schrageadmits.IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it’sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI’mconsideringcancellingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon’tknow.That’stoohighapricetopay.语篇解读FacebOOk通过免费的、有趣的服务吸引着众人，但为此人们付出了沉重的代价——泄露了大量的个人信息。7．WhatdowelearnaboutFacebookfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itisawebsitethatsendsmessagestouserswhowanttogetmarried.B．Itearnsmoneybyputtingonadvertisements.C．Itmakesmoneybysellingitsusers’personaldata.D．Itprovidesloadsofinformationtoitsusers.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第一段“PeoplearebeingtrickedintoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun，freeservicewithoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.”可知本段主要讲人们被Facebook的一些幌子骗了，付出的代价是出卖了自己的个人信息。可知选C。8．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutmostFacebookusers?（七）主旨大意之段落大意题A．Theyareunwillingtogiveuptheirpersonalinformation.B．Theydon’tknowtheirpersonaldataenrichesFacebook.C．Theydon’tidentifythemselveswhenusingthewebsite.D．Theycareverylittleabouttheirpersonalinformation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“...withoutrealizingthey’repayingforitbygivinguploadsofpersonalinformation.”和第二段中“MostFacebookusersdon’trealizethisishappening...peopledon’treallyknowwhattheirpersonaldataisworth.”可知，大多数用户对个人信息泄露并不知情，他们不知道自己的信息已被出卖，而使Facebook挣了钱。故选B。9．WhydoesFacebookmakechangestoitsrulesaccordingtoElliotSchrage?A．Toprovidebetterservicetoitsusers.B．ToobeytheFederalguidelines.C．Toimproveitsusers’connection.D．Toexpanditsbusiness.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段“AccordingtoFacebook'Svice-presidentElliotSchrage，thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice，andifpeopledon’tshareinformation，theyhavea‘lesssatisfyingexperience’．”可知ElliotSchrage认为公司不断改变规则是为了提高用户体验，更好地为用户服务。故选A。10．WhydoestheauthorplantocancelhisFacebookaccount?A．Heisdissatisfiedwithitspresentservice.B．Hefindsmanyofitsusersuntrustworthy.C．Hedoesn’twanthispersonaldatabadlyused.D．Heisupsetbyitsfrequentrulechanges.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“IsuspectthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacy，it’sonlythebeginning，whichiswhyI’mconsideringcancellingmyaccount.Facebookisahandysite，butI’mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon'tknow.”可知，作者决定注销Facebook账户是为了保护自己的个人信息，防止个人信息被滥用。故选D。DDotheexercise15through25.Givethedifferentformsoftheverbsonpage（七）主旨大意之段落大意题50ofyourFrenchworkbook.Readpage12through20oftheShakespeareplay，andwhenyouhavefinishedthat，don’tforgettofillthemissingchemicalsymbolsonthePeriodicTableofElementsworksheet.Homeworkisamajorpartofgoingtoclass，andithelpsstudentsgraspimportantconcepts.Luckily，youcandoafewthingstomakehomeworklesspainful.First，besureyouunderstandtheassignment.Writeitdowninyournotebookordayplannerifyouneedto，anddon’tbeafraidtoaskquestionsaboutwhatisexpected.Itismucheasiertotakeaminutetoasktheteacherduringorafterclassthantostruggletorememberlateratnight!Second，useanyextratimeyouhaveinschooltoworkonyourhomework.Manyschoolshavestudyhallsthatarespecificallydesignedtoallowstudentstostudyorgethomeworkdone.Itisattractivetohangoutwithfriendsduringstudyperiodsorunscheduledtime，butthemoreworkyoucangetdoneinschool，thelessyouwillhavetodoatnight.Third，paceyourself.Ifyoudon’tfinishyourhomeworkduringschool，thinkabouthowmuchyouhaveleftandwhatelseisgoingonthatday，andthenbudgetyourtime.Mosthighschoolstudentshavebetween1and3hoursofhomeworkanight.Ifitisaheavy-homeworkdayanditseemslikeyouhavegotanassignmentoneverysubjectbutgymandlunch，youwillneedtodevotemoretimetohomeworkschedule，especiallyifyouareinvolvedinsportsoractivitiesorhaveanafter-schooljob.语篇解读家庭作业是学习中非常重要的一部分，能够帮助学生学习很多重要的概念。文章介绍了几种让做家庭作业更轻松的建议。11.Thefirstparagraphisprobably.A．examinationitemsB.alistofhomeworkC.someteachertrainingtasksD.somelearningmethods答案B解析段落大意题。根据第一段“Do