句法结构梳理

句法结构梳理第一部分基本句架_、主语+系动词+表语（系动词由tobe构成）Hewasanengineer. 他曾是位工程师。Myfatherisingoodhealth.我父亲身体挺好的。ThatisallIwanttosay. 这就是我想说的。Friendsaremanybuttruefriendsarerare. 朋友多但真正的朋友并不多。I’mnotsureaboutthat. 我对那事没把握。TheresultsarewhatIexpected. 这结果是我预料到的。Thedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatistheslightlyofmargin.胜利和失败只是毫厘之差。Seeingisbelieving. 眼见为实。Yourhelphasbeenofgreatvalue. 你的帮助很大。Iamthefirstchildinmyfamilytoattendcollege.我是家里第一个上大学的孩子。Yourtaskistofinishthejobwithintwodays. 你们的任务是在两天内完成此项工作。系动词前有助动词或情态动词Hewillbeinchargeoftheproject. 他将负责这项工程。Johncanbeyourguideduringtheholiday. 约翰可在假期为你作导游。LittleTomwasabletodothejobalone. 小汤姆能独立做这个工作。Ofthreepeoplewhotraveltogether,theremustbesomeonewho_canbemyteacher. 三人行必有我师。Redcolormaybfiasymbolfordanger. 红色也许是危险的信号。能起系动词作用的动词Thepieceofsilkfeelssoft.这块绸料手感柔软。Hewentachildandreturnedanoldman.他走时还是个孩子，归来已是老人。Theproblemseemedquiteeasy,butitsoonappearedverydifficult.问题似乎很简单，但很快就显现出它的难度。NowIcanresteasysinceIhavewonthegoodresult.我获得了好成绩现在可以放心了。Throughhiseffort,hiswishcametrue. 通过努力他的愿望实现了。Weremainedfriends.我们仍然是朋友。二、主语+谓语结构（行为动词）（一）行为动词为及物动词：主语+谓语+宾语+补语+状语Iwillhavehimdothejob. 我要让他做这个工作。Doyoufeelthehouseshaking? 你觉得房子在晃动吗？Theypaintedthedoorwhite. 他们把门涂成了白色。Themusicreachesthedepthsofmysoul. 音乐触及我的灵魂深处。Abrightsmilehelpsyoucommunicatewithothers. 灿烂的微笑有助于你和他人交往。及物动词有被动结构Hewaswarnednottobelate.他被警告不要迟到。Shewasbelievedhonest.相信她是诚实的。Teaisgenerallyservedat3o’clock. 一般是三点钟供应茶水。Thewindowswereshuttightagainsttherain. 为防雨窗子关得很紧。Ourofficerswereequippedwithup-to-minutecomputers. 我们办公室装备了最新式的电脑。Hewasaccusedofneglectinghisduties. 他被指控渎职。（二）行为动词是不及物动词Trafficaccidentusuallyhappenedwhenpeoplearenotcarefulenough.发生交通事故往往是人们大意的时候。Insummerthetemperaturesometimesrisesashighas39°C. 夏天温度可达39度。Soundtravelsat340metrespersecondinair.声速每秒340米。Theroadextendsfortwomiles. 这条路延伸2英里。Onecan’tsucceedunlesshetried. 人要努力才能成功。三、Therebe句型Theremustbereasonsforhislate. 他来晚了必有原因。Therewillbemuchworktobedone.将有许多工作要做。Therehavebeengreatchangesinthecitysincelastyear.去年以来这座城市变化很大。TherearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanIimagine.困难可能比我想象的要多。Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenttothelibrary. 没有别的事可做，我们就去图书馆。Hehasreadallthereferencebooksthereareonthesubject.（therebe作定语从句）他已阅读了所有论述这个题目的参考书籍。Wherethereislife,thereishope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望。第二部分句子的种类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句一、简单句简单句的五种基本句型：•主语+谓语•主语+谓语+宾语•主语+联系动词+表语•主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语•主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语简单句的五种句例Webreathe.我们呼吸。Thetaskincludessweepingthefloorandcleaningthewindows. 任务包括拖地板和擦窗子。Thedirectionischangeable.方向是可变的。Myfatherboughtmeacomputer. 父亲给我买了一部电脑。You5ilhaveteaserved. 会提供茶水给你的。陈述句Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.勤能补拙。Safetycomesfirst.安全第一。Hedidnotseemtobeready.他似乎没有准备。Thiswillneverdo.这绝行不通。HespentalargepartofhisyouthinBeijing. 他在北京度过他的大部分青春年华。WeofferthemtheirownroomandaccesstotheInternet. 我们提供给他们自己的房间并能上网。祈使句LeaveitwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando. 把它留给我，看看我能做什么。TakethingsastheyareandyouJiienjoyeverydayofyourlife. （如能做到）随遇而安，你会每天都生活得很快乐的。Helpotherswheneveryoucanandyouwillmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein能帮助别人时尽力去帮，这样你就能生活在更加美好的世界里。感叹句Whatawfulweathertoday!HowawfUlitistoday!Howdifficulttheproblemis!Whatastupidsuggestion!Whatbeautifulclothesshewears!Whatapleasureitistoseethesun!Howlovely!Howbluetheskyis!疑问句一般疑问句Shallwegoforawalk?特殊疑问句Whatdoyouwantwhenyougrowup?选择疑问句Doyouwantfriedorboiledegg?反意疑问句Weforgottobringourtickets,butpleaseletusenter,willyou?主谓一致Thereareagreatmanyanglestothismatter.看事情有许多角度。Thereinnoenvironmentaldamage. 环境没有被破坏。Thenumberofpassengersdoesnotagreewiththeidea. 相当数量的乘客不同意这个主意。Thenumberofcarsisbelow50. 小汽车的数量不到50辆。Anumberofyoungmenhavegoneabroad. 许多年轻人去了国外。Someofthevisitorsareleaving. 一些来访者要走了。Oneofthegirlshasseenthestrangerbefore.其中一个小女孩见过这个陌生人。MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsisalsotrueoftheJohnsons.大多数有关史密斯一家人的说法，和对约翰逊一家的说法一样。并列句：同等关系、选择关系、转折关系、因果关系、不用并列连词Heseizesthehourandmakeseveryminutecount.他分秒必争。Onecannotseetheair,however,itdoesexist.人看不见空气，然而它确实存在。ThewinterinLondoniscoldandtheskyisalwaysgrey. 冬季的伦敦寒冷，天总是灰蒙蒙的。Shenevercleansorevenofferstowashthedishes.她从不干清洁的活即或是刷碗碟之类。Notonlythecomputercanstorethedata,butitcanalsoanalyzethem.计算机不仅能储存数据还能进行分析。Eitheryouusedthewrongwords,oryouwerenotcarefulenough.你不是用错了单词，就是不够细心。Theircarwasbiggerandthereforemorecomfortable. 他们的轿车大些，所以更加舒适。Thebosspromisedawageincreasetotheworkers,soonhedidit.老板答应给工人加工资，很快就兑现了。逻辑关系一致（高考试题）Whilewatchingtelevision,A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsHavingbeenattackedbyterrorists,.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.Warningsweregiventotourists插入语词序（2007全国卷-28）Weallknowthat,,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywith_B.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullywith二、复合句1。定语从句⑴TheBeatles,asmanyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool披头士是利物浦人，像你们许多年纪大的人还记得。（2） Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,whichmeantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.电影业主需要做很大改进并雇佣更多的人来使其运转，这意味着要花掉数万英镑。（3） Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,wheetheylearnsimplegamesandsongs.（2007全国I-22）一些学龄前儿童前往日托中心，在那里他们可以学习一些简单的游戏和歌曲。（4） Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople^mos^ofwhomarehealthy.（2007北京卷-23）我们不该花钱测试这么多人，而这些人大多数身体健康。（5） I’llgiveyoumyfriend’saddress,whereIcanbereachedmostevenings.（2008北京卷）我给你我朋友的地址，在那里多数晚上你都可以找到我。

2。名词性从句（1）宾语从句-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?（全国卷2006）-TheyalwaysletmedowhatIthinkIwould.Pleaseremindmewhenhesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.请提醒我他几时要走，我会及时送他。Whathereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.（2007上海卷）他在文章里所提到的东西不为一般读者所知。Thatmathematicsfindsitsuseineveryscienceisevident.。。。显而易见4・Whetheranorganismisaplantorananimalsometimestaxesthebrainofabiologist.是否。。。Itisapitythathedidn’tcometoourmeetingyesterday.可惜。。。Itturnedoutthattheexperimentwasasuccess结果证明。。。（3） 表语从句Seetheflagontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswhatwedidthismorning.（06全国）看见楼顶上的那面旗子了吗？那时我们今天早上插上去的。Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaristhatitcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure・（06上海）弹奏吉他的一个好处是它能给你带来极大快乐。（4） 同位语从句ThereismuchchancethatBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.比尔养好伤，及时参赛的可能性较大。（06天津）AlongwiththeletterwashispromisethathewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.与这封信一起的还有他的承诺，就是他在即将来临的圣诞节要来看我。（04上海春季卷）3.Astorygoes3.Astorygoesth’rmtElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.据说英国伊丽沙白一世那时最喜欢的不过是在宫廷内有聪明、有贵族资格的人围绕。（04上海卷）It’sbasedontheideathatallpeoplearecreatedequal.这是建立在所有人同等被开发的基础这一理念。Imakeasuggestionthathousesshouldbebuiltforthepeoplewhoreallyneed.我提出的建议是应该为真正需要的人建房。Wehavereceivedinformationthatthesteelplantwillbemovedoutofthecity.我们得到信息该钢厂将搬出本城。There’salwaysapossibilitythathemightgobacktoSeattle.他回到西雅图去的可能性总是有的。3、状语从句时间状语从句(4) 目的状语从句比较状语从句地点状语从句(5)原因状语从句条件状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句时间状语从句Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlifeuntilwe5veactuallyhadthatlesson.我们往往在生活中遭受实际挫折后才容易从中汲取教训。Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelpwhenitisneeded.需要时，尽管求助。Manycropsaregoneforeverbeforeweknewanythingaboutthem. 许多作物在我们来不及了解就永远消失了。NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanastormbrokeout. 我刚到家风暴就来了。Onceyoubegintheworkyoumustcontinue.工作一旦开始，就得做下去。Dropinwheneveryouhavetime.有空就来呀。EachtimehecametoBeringhewouldstaywithmeforafewdays.他每次来北京总要和我呆上几天。地点状语从句Ifyouaretravelingwherethecustomersarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.如果你所到之处的风俗与你本人确实格格不入，那就请你入乡随俗吧。Iworkinabusinesswherealmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.我做生意的那地方几乎人人在等大买卖的机会。原因状语从句JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,asthiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.詹尼损失了她在加拿大拍摄的图片，非常伤心，因为这是她尤为珍惜的记忆。Icheckedalltheresultstimeandagainforfearthatthereshouldbeanymistakes.我再三核对了所有结果，惟恐有差错。Sinceyou’reobviouslyagainstitthere’snopointinpursuingthepossibility.因为你明显反对此事，那么追求这个可能性就没有意义了。Iwon’tstaylong,seeingasyou’rebusy.(因为)看见你正忙，我就不多呆了。Becauseshewasveryyoungforheragewedecidednottosendhertoschool. 因为她年纪太小我们不打算送她去上学。Thegravestoneswerecoveredwithmosssothatitwasimpossibletoreadthenamesonthem. 墓碑被青苔覆盖，所以没法看清上面的名字。

（4）目的状语从句Rosesneedspecialcaresothattheycanlivethroughwinter. 玫瑰需要特别的呵护以便它们能过冬。Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyby6o’clock.她很卖力地干以便在6点以前把一切都准备好。Theytrytofinishthejobinadvanceinorderthattheyhaveenoughtimetodothenext. 他们试图提前完成工作为了能有足够时间做下一件事。（5）结果状语从句IwassoweakandtiredJhaLIgotontomykneesandstartedmovingacrossthesandsonallfour.我又虚弱有劳累，我只有跪下，开始爬沙地。Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsocietythatithaseveninfluenceourlanguage.（07上海）通俗音乐是社会如此重要的部分，甚至影响到了我们的语言。（6）方式状语从句Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad. 正如他的父亲那样，他不必老是搬家。Youshouldnottreathimasifhewereachild. 你不该把他当作小孩子来对待。Thelampsonthesidesofthestreetshinebrightlyasthoughitwereinthedaytime.路旁的灯照耀得如同白昼。（7）比较状语从句Theuniverseismuchmorecomplicatedthanyouthink. 宇宙要比你想象的复杂得多。Theywantpeaceasmuchaswedo. 他们和我们一样希望和平。3.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thes3.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thesmalerthecountry’srecordedexportswillbe.一个国家的公司在国外设立工厂愈多，其可记录的出口量就愈少。（8）条件状语从句IfIcanhelpit,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight. （06全国）如果我有办法我才不愿意工作到深夜。AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit. （03北京）只要知道那笔钱安全，我就不担心了。Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree.unlessyouneedmorespaceforbaggage.（08全国卷）Iwon’tcallyou,unlesssomethingunexpectedhappens.（07全国卷）我不会打电话给就，除非发生了什么意外。IfIcanhelpit,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.（06全国）如果我有办法我才不愿意工作到深夜。AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.（03北京）只要知道那笔钱安全，我就不担心了。Itisknowntoallthatunlessyouexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.大家都知道，你要保持身体健康就要有规律地锻炼。（05重庆）（9）让步状语从句Althoughhehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.这位老工人虽然技术知识有限，但经验却十分丰富。Heisquitecleverthoughheisonlysevenyearsold. 他虽然只有七岁可是十分得聪明。Theoldtowermustbesaved,whateverthecost. 无论付出什么代价也一定要挽救这座古塔。HoweverhardItried,Icouldnotmemorizethetext. 我虽然很用功，但还是记不住课文。Simpleasthequestionmayseem,itisnotatallcommoninnature.这问题似乎简单，但实质上它一点也不普通。Howeverwellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.（2008上海卷）不论你准备得多好，登山还是需要很多运气的。•三、 含it的结构I’dlikeChineseteawithnothinginit. 我想要点中国清茶。Ittakesskillstoplaythepianoverywell. 弹一手好钢琴需要功夫。Itcostssomuchtorenttheflat. 租一套公寓要花很多钱。Itiseasyforthecomputertomaketheconnectionbetweentwoplaces. 计算机使两地联系变得容易。I’dappreciateitifyoucouldtellmemore.如果你能在多讲些我将十分感激。Itwasstupidofhimtoleavethecarunlocked.他真太傻连车都没锁。Wefounditveryhardtogetridofthebadhabit.我们觉得改掉坏习惯很难。Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.我讨厌有人讲话时嘴里吃东西。Peopleshouldmakeitarulenevertoswimtoofaroutfromthebeach应规定不要在离海滩距离太远的地方游泳。Itisrequiredintheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount. 规定里要求你不应该把你的电子帐户密码告诉别人。（2008全国卷II-32） ItwasinNewZealandthatElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.（2008上海卷）Ithasbeenprovedthateatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.四、 倒装句语法倒装：Isthisthebookborrowedfromthelibrary?这是不是那本从图书馆借来的书？WhatcanIdoforyou?我能为你做什么？Therestandsanewbridgeinthecenterofthestreets.在街道中央矗立着一座新桥。HadIknownitearlier,Iwouldhavehelpedhim.如果我早知道这事，我就会帮他的。Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldn’tpassthefinalexam.如果不是你的帮助，期末考试我就通不过了。修辞倒装：Manyadaydidhewasteoverthoseuselessschemes.他为这些无用的计划费去了多日。Onlyinthiswaycanyouovercomethedifficulties.只有用这种方法才能克服困难。Seldomdoesmymothergooutforavisitbecauseofoldage.母亲因年迈很少出访。Onlythroughconcentratedstudycanshehopetoqualifyfortheaward. 她只有专心研读，方可有资格获奖。withconfidencecomessuccess. 成功来自信心。I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeansistheteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress.（06重庆）NeverinmywildestdreamscouldIimaginethesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.（06安徽）SodifficultdidIfindittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.（06广东）SomuchofinterestdoesBeijingofferthatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.（08上海） 北京提供那么多的景点，以至大多数参观者就是花上时间也来不及把景点都看了。五、省略句----被省略的部分：主语（祈使句）Cutoffthepowersupplyofthecircuit.Thinkithard,andyou’llfindtheanswer.谓语或谓语的一部分Foodisabsorbed,andwaste（are）eliminated.（Isthere）anythingIcandoforyou?宾语-Dowegetpaidthisweek? -Ihopeso.Istheguestinthehall?-Ican’tsayforcertain（whetherheisornot）.*主语谓