人教版八年级下册英语第二单元知识点

人教版八年级下册英语第二单元知识点Unit2V11helptocleanupthecityparks.一、重点短语1.Clean-UpDay清洁日2.anoldpeople"shome养老院3.helpoutwithsth.帮助解决困难4.usedto曾经过去5.carefor关心;照顾6.thelookofjoy快乐的表情7.attheageof在岁时8.cleanup打扫（或清除）干净9.cheerup（使）变得更高兴10.giveout分发;散发11.comeupwith想出;提出12.makeaplan制订计划13.makesomenotices做些公告牌14.tryout试用；试行15.workfor为工作;为效力16.putup建造;举起；张贴17.handout分发；散发；发给18.callup打电话；召集19.putoff推迟;延迟20.forexample比如；例如21.raisemoney筹钱；募捐22.takeafter与相像；像23.giveaway赠送；捐赠24.fixup修理;修补;解决25.besimilarto与相似26.setup建立27.disabledpeople残疾人28.makeadifference影响；有作用29.after-schoolreadingprogram课外阅读项目30.beableto能够二、知识点解析1.hopetodosth.希望做某事，含hopetodosth.的句子可以转换为宾语从句。eg:Ihopetopasstheexam.=1hopethatIcanpasstheexam.agreetodosth.同意做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事refusetodosth.拒绝做某事remembertodosth.记得做某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事2.“动词+up”的短语结：cleanup打扫干净cutup切碎growup长大setup熬夜setup建立，设立stayup熬夜wakeup醒来，叫醒takeup占用giveup放弃useup用完cheerup使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）putup搭建，张贴endup最终成为，最后处于makeup组成，例题：ManyvolunteerswillhelptothecityparksnextparksnextFriday.A.giveupB.pickupC.cleanupgiveout：发出，放出（热，光等）Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth用完，耗尽Wehadjustreachedhomewhenthepetrolgaveout.公布，发表Thenewsoftheeventwasgivenoutovertheradio.give的短语：giveaway捐赠，赠给giveup放弃giveoff发出，放出givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb,给某人某物givein让步，屈服giveback归还putoffdoingsth.推迟做某事e.g.:Wecan,tputoffmakingaplan.常见的put短语：puton穿上，戴上putout熄灭，扑灭putup搭起，升起，张贴putupwith容忍putaway收起来例题：Theyheardthepartywasbecauseoftheeupwith提出，想出（答案，计划等）例题：Hemanyideastosolvetheseproblemalready.usedto变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词did.肯定句主语+usedto+动词原形…否定句主语+didn'tuseto+动词原形…一般疑问句肯定答语Yes,主语+did.否定答语No,主语+didn’t.care的派生词：careful小心的carefully小心地careless粗心的carelessly粗心地care的短语：carefor照顾，喜欢careabout关心，在意takecare小心takecareof照顾，照料9.such+a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词“如此”注意：当名词前有many,much,few,little修饰时，要用so,而不用such.例题：Wehadawfulweatherwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.A.so,thatB.such,thatC.suchan,that-ing是名词后缀。reading阅读writing写作spelling拼写swimming游泳skating滑冰fishing钓鱼smoking抽烟besatisfied/pleasedwith 对满意satisfactionn.满意,满足常见的“take+介词/副词”短语:takedown写下，拆除takeoff起飞，脱掉takeout取出，掏出takein吸收takeover接管takeaway带走takeup占用takeback收回例题：Imyfather,swetshoesandwashedhisfeet.A.tookoutB.tookoffC.tookplace13常见的“动词+away”的短语：throwaway扔掉，丢弃runaway逃跑getaway逃离passaway逝世keepaway离开，使不接近takeaway带走goaway离开putaway收起来giveaway捐赠stayaway远离例题： Whatareyoudoing,Mum?1'msomeoldthingsforayardsale.A.givingawayB.hurryingupC.cleaningoutD.walkinginto14.besimilarto和相似/类似e.g.:Hisdressissimilartomineincolor.15.常考的不同时态的被动语态：一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done现在进行时am/is/arebeing+done一般将来时willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+done现在完成时have/hasbeen+done例题：ThesemodelcarsinChinain2013.A.aremadeB.weremadeC.makeD.mademakeit+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.使某人做某事findit+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.发现怎么样beexcitedabout因・・・而兴奋不已e.g.:Wewereexcitedaboutthegoodnews.同根词：excitev.使激动，使兴奋excitementn.激动，兴奋excitedadj.激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰人)excitingadj.令人激动的，兴奋的(常用来修饰事或物)例题：Theyareaboutthenews.A.excited,excitedB.exciting,excitingC.exciting,excitedD.excited,exciting18.could的用法：表建议，语气较委婉“可以"e.g.:Youcouldhelptocleanthepark.can的过去式,表示过去具备的能力。e.g.:Shecouldn,tdressherselfuntilfive.19.动词不定式的用法①动词不定式的语法功能作主语TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant.=ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.作表语Myjobistolookafterpatients.作宾语Wewanttogoswimming.作宾语补足语Sheinvitedmetogototheconcert作定语Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.作状语 Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.例题：Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecarashortrest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had②“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what,how,when,where,which等之后，作主语，宾语,表语。e.g.:Howtogetthereisaproblem.（作主语）Idon'tknowwhattosay.（作宾语）ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.（作表语）例题： It'simportantforustoknowallthesubjects.Yeah,groupworkismyfavorite.A.howtostudyB.whentostudyB.whichtostudyD.whattostudy③含动词不定式的常用搭配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan,hope,agree,decide等。e.g.:Weplantogoclimbing.Myfatheragreedtotakeustothemuseum.Theydecidetojointheswimmingclub.有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语:wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事例题：Weadviseparentstheirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A.leavingB.nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave20.repair,mend,fix区别repair意为“修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。e.g.:WhenIgothome,mybrotherwasrepairinghisradio.mend意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品。如粘贴的小用具，玩具。e.g.：Mykiteisbroken.Canyoumendit?fix意为“修理”，强调校准，校正。e.g.:He'soutsidefixingthebrakesinthecar.2Lalone,lonely区别alone可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能作定语。lonely只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩Iwasalone,butIdidnotfeellonely.例题：Shelivesinasmallvillage,butshedidn'tfeel.A.lonely,lonelyB.alone,lonelyC.lonely,alone22.open,close