高考英语新素养大二轮突破江苏版讲义3阅读理解第二节

三、写作意图题

■真题感悟

（2019天津,D）

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosing

struggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeen

inprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.Thatformerprisoner

wasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion：why

dosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife,shalfwaymark.rmnottalking

aboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.rmtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearning

ongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationand

thenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,the

opportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswe

can,tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenever

goingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponleaming.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitisto

havemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomething

largerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoral

concept.

Manyofusequate（视等同于）“commitmenl“withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingand

nursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhowork

towardsuchexcellence-whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeing

thekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

语篇解读本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有

目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。

51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

□.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本

书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯

的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。

52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

答案D

解析词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续

学习的兴趣。故选D项。

53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

答案C

解析推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的

专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有

求知欲的人。

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

答案D

解析推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我

哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。

由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。

55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

答案A

解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。

r名师点津

一、题型解读

各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：

1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：

(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.

(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.

(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

(5)Whatistheauthor,sintentionofwritingthispassage?

(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.

2.某处细节的写作意图/目的：

(1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto.

(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.

(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.

(4)Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph?

二、解题技巧

1.文体特点推意图

(1)记叙文；一凝会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是

围绕该哲理展开。

(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。

(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。

(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。

2.看写作手法找答案

⑴在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic

等字眼。

(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。

例如：【真题感悟】中的第55题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论：我们要

让自己的成年生活充满意义。

F随堂限时练

（2019・南徐盐常四市联考）

Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.WhenMartinLuther

King,Jr.presentedhisdream,hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.Deliveringthis

electrifying（令人激动的）messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize,understand,and

manageemotions.

Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders,policymakers,andeducatorsasthesolution

toawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecanteachourchildrentomanageemotions,theargumentgoes,we'11

havelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultivateemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors,

we’11havemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.

Emotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured（掩盖）adarkside.New

evidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills,theybecomebetteratmanipulating（控制）

others.Whenyou'regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions,youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknow

whatothersarefeeling,youcan'motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.

Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisdarksideofemotionalintelligence.nInaresearchledby

UniversityofprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion,theaudience

waslesslikelytoscrulinize（细致审查）themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembers

weresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.

Theauthorscallthistheawestruckeffect,butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruck

effect.OneobserverreflectedthatHitler,spersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpress

emotions-hewouldutearopenhisheart“一andtheseemotionsaffectedhisfollowerstothepointthatthey

would“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemoten.

Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareoutofstepwithour

own,theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives（动机），

emotionalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofToronto

psychologistStephaneCote,universityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian（不择手段的）

tendencies,andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeabouteffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then,

Cote*steamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined（逐渐削弱）theircolleagues.The

employees9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.They

usedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersforpersonalgain.

ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversity

CollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Accordingtotheseexperts,emotionalintelligencehelpspeople

disguise（伪装）onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff'steamwrites,

“Thestrategicdisguiseofone'sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothersJemotionsforstrategicendsare

behaviorsevidentnotonlyonShakespeare?sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerand

influencearetraded.v

Ofcourse,peoplearen,talwaysusingemotionalintelligencefornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot,

emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.Aresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounder

AnitaRoddickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained,

aWheneverwewantedtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheir

hearts.v

Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatemotionalintelligence-likeanyskill-canbeusedforgoodorevil.Soif

we'regoingtoteachemotionalintelligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork,weneedtoconsiderthevalues

thatgoalongwithitandwhereit'sactuallyuseful.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和影语厂

l.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing,Jr.?

A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.

B.Torecommendhisspeechtootherleaders.

C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.

D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.

答案C

解析写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledby

emotionalintelligence.v可知，人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的，紧接着作者提到马丁•路德•金

就是为了给读者留下深刻的印象，故C项正确。

2.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?

A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone'sownemotion.

B.Inducingpeopletodowhatbringsdisadvantagestothem.

C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.

D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及最后一句可知，情商重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，当

你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最佳利益，由此可知，诱导人们做对他们不利的事情属

于情商的黑暗面之一，故B项正确。

3.WhatisthedumbstruckeffectofHitler'semotionalintelligence?

A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.

B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemotionsstrategically.

C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.

D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，希特勒之所以极具说服力，是因为他有能力战略性地表达自

己的情绪，这些情绪会影响到他的追随者，让他们不再批判性地思考，而只是发泄情绪，由此可知，希特

勒情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的能力，故C项正确。

4.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?

A.Theydisguisetheiremotionstoearnothers'trust.

B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.

C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.

D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopularity.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的uemotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise（伪装）onesetofemotions

whileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及“Thestrategicdisguiseofone'sownemotionsandthe

manipulationofothersJemotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident可知，人们通过掩饰自己的情绪赢

得别人的信任来获取个人利益，故A项正确。

5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious“inParagraph8?

A.Immoral.B.Unimportant.

C.Illegal.D.Uncontrollable.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其后一句可知，人们并不总是利用情商来达到邪恶的目的，通常

情感技巧只是实现目标的工具，由此可知画线词词义为“邪恶的，不道德的“，故A项正确。

6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligence

B.TheWaysofDisguisingOne'sEmotions

C.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkills

D.TheDarkSideofEmotionalIntelligence

答案D

解析标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第三段中的aEmotionalintelligenceisimportant,buttheuncontrolled

enthusiasmhasobscured（掩盖）adarkside.”可知，情商固然重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，本文

主要介绍的就是情商的黑暗面，故D项正确。

B

（2019•南京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模）

“Beafraid.Beveryafraid,“saysa^characterinTheFly,ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoan

enormousinsect.lt3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches,

Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawliesofallkinds.However,ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworld

assomethingtobefrightenedfor,notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears,scoresofscientificstudieshave

suggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring,droning,honeybees,butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.uIfallmankind

weretodisappear"，wroteE.O.Wilson,a4respectableentomologist,“theworldwouldregenerate...Ifinsects

weretovanish,theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”

Mostofthestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsect

health.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce,throughpollination（授粉），andare

foodforotheranimals,soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.

Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessment.Ratherthancausingapanic,thestudiesshouldactasa

timelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesat

allofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodeclareaglobalemergency.

Moreover,wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse-inEuropeandAmerica-agriculturalandrural

ecosystemsareholdingup.Farmproductionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout,othersseemtobe

movingintotheniches（生态位）theyhaveleft,keepingecosystemsgoing,althoughwithlessbiodiversitythan

before.ltishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.

Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnottheonlymeasureofenvironmental

health.Animalshavevalue,independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespecies

makeupanecosystem,themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomany

mightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsofthousandswould.

Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient（能复原

的）.Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduallypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplant

diversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.12Giventhelackofdata,it

isimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklessto

Endoutbyactuallytriggeringone.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要采取预防措

施。否则后果不堪设想。

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?

A.Ecologistshavelongbeenafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.

B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.

C.Ecologistshavealreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.

D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect*sabilitytoregeneratethemselves.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据画线句及其后的内容可知，生态学家越来越多地把昆虫世界看作是受到惊吓的物体，

而不是吓人的物体。在过去的两年里，大量的科学研究表明，数以万亿计的嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲虫正

在消失。如果所有的人类都消失了，昆虫学家元老威尔逊写道，“世界还会再生……但如果昆虫消失了，环

境就会陷入混乱。”所以通过威尔逊所说的话可以判断出，第一段中带下画线的句子暗示出，生态学家担心

一些昆虫的消失。故B选项正确。

8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?

A.Thoughthereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects,westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.

B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldtakeprecautionsrightaway.

C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.

D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversitymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句"Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesat

allofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.”可知,生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。

故D选项正确。

9.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofourmothernature.

B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.

C.Todrawpeople'sattentiontothedecreasinginsects.

D.Tourgethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.

答案C

解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，短文说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要预防措施。昆虫是生

态系统健康的指标。它们的衰落是一个警告，提醒我们要注意这一点，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文

章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。故C选项正确。

做完以上两篇阅读后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句

素材提炼再拓展

I.障碍词汇突破

（一）阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思

I.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激励

2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscrilically.批判地

3.Therobberywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.记录下，捕捉

4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人尊敬的

5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensomeonecausesuspainistostrikeback.反应

(二)同义词语替换

6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence

7.Shestruggledtomasterherfearofheight.control

8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesbringtheopposite.

cause/resullin/bringin

(三)一词多义

9.involve”包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加

(l)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheirpositions.影响

(2)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.使参力口

(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalkingsimitating,singingandtellingjokes.包括

lO.character几性格，个性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符号；文字

(1)1dicin'tknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.个性

(2)MichaelFishismyfavourite.He,sahoot,arealcharacter.人物

(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading,mathsandmoralcharacter.人格

(4)ThefilmisautobiographicalandthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色

(5)Acharacterisaletter,number,orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.文字；符号

n.长难句理解

1l.InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges,whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwith

emotion,theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent.

［句式分析］本句是一个复合句，主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandremembered

ofthecontent；InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地点状语;其中ledbyUniversityof

professorJochenMenges是过去分词短语作定语;whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion是

when引导的时间状语从句o

［精美译文］在一个由大学教授JochenMerges主持的研究中(发现)，当一个领导人做充满激情的演讲时，

听众不太可能细致审查内容细节并记住演讲内容。

12.Giventhelackofdata,itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.

［句式分析］本句是一个复合句，主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose...；其中how引导一个宾语从句;

Giventhelackofdata是介词短语作状语,译为“考虑到数据的缺乏”。

［精美译文］考虑到数据的缺乏，不可能知道欧洲和美洲生态系统的崩溃是何等的相近。

强化练(二十一)

I.单项填空

1.Consideredtobealessdangeroustotobacco,“e・cigs“aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmore

peopleswitchoverwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2019•苏州八校高三联考)

A.adjustmentB.alternative

C.advertisementD.amusement

答案B

解析adjustment调整，适应；alternative替代物，可供选择的事物；advertisemenl广告；amusement娱乐。

句意为：随着越来越多的人开始戒烟，被认为是危险程度更小的替代物——电子烟在西方国家变得流行起来

了。根据句意可知使用电子烟作为烟草的替代品，故B项正确。

2.一Whatwaswrong?Whydidn'tyougotothepicnicasscheduled?

一rmsorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital.

(2019•南京六校联合体高三月考)

A.woulddeliverB.delivered

C.haddeliveredD.wasdelivering

答案D

解析考查时态。句意为：——出什么事了？你为什么没有按计划去野餐？——我很抱歉。我正在把一个

严重受伤的老人送到医院。结合句意可知此处是表示在过去某一段时间内正在做某事，所以用过去进行时

态，故选D。

3.MoreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend.ThesameistrueinChina,too,where

Tencentsaysit*11WebQQonJan.1,2019.

A.shutdownB.improveon

C.putforthD.setoff

答案A

解析句意为：越来越多的早期互联网产品即将走到尽头。在中国也是如此，腾讯表示它将在2019年1

月1日关闭WehQQoshutdown关闭，停止运转，符合语境。improveon改进；putforth提出；setoff出发，

引发。

4.EveryoneinthetouristindustryhasmadethepointthatGovernmentassistanceishelpful,whatthey

actuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn.

A.asB.whenC.whileD.since

答案C

解析句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都强调了这一点，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的

是让游客自己回来。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although,表示“尽管"，故选C。

5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.Sometimessheistootoughonthem,andsometimes

shejustallowsthemeverything。。19•海安县高三期末）

A.consistentB.conventional

C.considerateD.controversial

答案A

解析考查形容词词义辨析。consistent始终如一的，一致的；conventional惯例的；considerate体贴的；

controversial有争议的。句意为：珍妮对待学生的方式不一致，有时她对他们太严厉了，有时又放任他们。

故A项正确。

6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram,mostofstudentshavingsubmittedtheir

applicationforms.（2019•江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考）

A.themB.which

C.whoseD.its

答案D

解析考查独立主格结构。句意为：学院宣布了交换生计划，大部分学生已经提交了申请表。由于空格后

面用了独立主格结构，此处应该用形容词物主代词，it指代Thecollege,故D项正确。

7.Nextdoortoours，whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.

A.arelivingablackcouple

B.liveablackcouple

C.areablackcoupleliving

D.doablackcouplelive

答案B

解析考查倒装句。Nextdoortoours是地点状语，置于句首时句子要全部倒装，即主谓倒装。句意为：我

们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们似乎已经在这个社区定居很久了。根据句意可知时态为一般现在时，故选

Bo

8.A11rightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission,thanks.

A.arbitrarilyB.barely

C.offensivelyD.optionally

答案A

解析考查副词辨析。句意为：版权所有，以上内容未经允许不准随意重印，谢谢。arbitrarily随意地，

武断地；barely勉强，几乎不；offensively冒犯地，讨厌地；optionally有选择地。故选A。

9.1fyouwanttoimproveyourfigureandhealth,themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytime

youbethere.

A.canB.will

C.mayD.shall

答案A

解析考查情态动词。句意为：如果你想改善你的身材和健康，要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身

房的时候就一定出现在那里。本题can表示能力。

10.一MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?

一Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon'tthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.

A.pullyourweightB.sealyourfate

C.pushyourluckD.breakyourback

答案C

解析句意为：——周末我必须待在家里复习功课吗？——上次你出人意料地通过了考试，但是这次不要

碰运气了，因为考试会难得多。pullyourweight尽最大努力；sealyourfate决定你的命运；pushyourluck

再次冒险，继续碰运气；breakyourback拼命工作。根据语境可知，答话者认为对方上次通过考试是靠运

气，所以在提醒对方要认真复习而不能再凭运气，故选C项。

II.阅读理解

A

ElNi?o,aSpanishtermfor"theChristchild,“wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthat

theglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaround

Christmas.ElNi?oseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhen

windsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.

Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.Richcountriesgainmorefrompowerful

Ni?os,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrow

by$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.The

totalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.

ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilis

becomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyare

likelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.

ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36

billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowthey

happenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%

ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryand

rebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoon

reconstruction.

Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）

makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmean

villagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMr

Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o,sharmfuleffects-andthepoorerthecountry,the

strongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasters

wouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.Sincethepoorest

areleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoEINi?o,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethe

priority.

语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等

相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。

11.WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?

A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.

B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.

C.Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.

D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os,onbalance,thanthey

lose."可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。

12.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.

A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction

B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid

C.victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensation

D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的u...however