选修一（book8）Unit 1 词汇及练习 学生版

Unit1词汇短语及练习一、词汇变形1.magicadj.神奇的；有魔力的；棒极了n.魔术；魔法；魔力；巫术vt.(像)用魔法变出→_________n.魔术师；巫师→_______adj.魔法的，魔术的；神奇的，迷人的2.mysteryn.神秘的事物；奥秘→_____________adj.神秘的；诡秘的→_____________adv.神秘地；故弄玄虚地3.vastnessn.浩瀚；幅员辽阔→______adj.巨大的；辽阔的；庞大的；大量的4.explorevt.勘探；勘查；探索；探究；调查研究；探讨→_________n.勘探；勘查；探索；考察；探究；调查→__________n.探险家5.curiosityn.好奇心；求知欲→________adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→__________adv.好奇地；奇异地，奇怪地；说来古怪地6.unshakableadj.不可动摇的；坚定不移的→_________adj.可摇动的；可震动的→______vt.&vi.摇动；抖动；(使)颤动n.摇动；抖动；颤动7.evolvevi.&vt.进化；逐渐演变→____________n.发展；进化8.preventvt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠→____________adj.可预防的；可避免的→______________adj.无法预防的9.freezingadj.极冷的；冰冻的；冰点以下的→______vt.&vi.(使)冻结，结冰；(使)冻住，冻堵；严寒；极冷；冷冻贮藏；(因害怕等)停住不动n.冻结；冰冻期；霜→________adj.冻结的；冷酷的10.equaladj.(大小、数量、价值等)相同的，同样的；平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.(大小、数量、价值等)与……相等→________adv.平等地；同样地；平均地；同样，此外，也→__________n.平等；均等；相等11.solelyadv.仅，只，单独地→______n.鞋底；脚掌；脚底(板)adj.唯一的；仅有的vt.给(鞋)换底12.survivaln.生存；存活；幸存；残存物；幸存事物→_________vt.&vi.幸存；生存；存活→__________n.幸存者13.formationn.组成物，形成物；组成，形成；编队，队形→_______v.形成14.reproductionn.生殖，繁殖；复制；(声音的)录制；(尤指艺术品的)复制品→____________vt.&vi.复制；再现；繁殖15.scarceadj.缺乏的，稀少的→__________adv.勉强；刚；几乎不；简直不；(表示接连发生)刚一……就；实在不应该；根本不可能→__________n.稀缺;缺乏;不足;稀少16.volcanicallyadv.火山似地；猛烈地→__________adj.火山的；火山引起的；火山产生的→_________n.火山17.geological(geologic)adj.地质的→__________n.地质；地质学→___________n.地质学家18.awaitvt.等候，等待；将发生在，将降临到(某人头上)→_______vi.等待19.axispl.axes轴；坐标轴analysispl._________分析20.tidala.潮汐的，有潮的—_______________n.潮汐，潮水21.rotationn.旋转；一周，一圈；轮换—_______________v.（使）旋转，（使）转动；轮换22.gravitationala.引力的，重力引起的--___________n.重力；严重性—_______________v.受引力作用23.minen.矿井，矿--____________n.矿工--_______________n.矿物质24.enlighteningadj.让人受启发的--____________v.启发;开导;阐明_________________n.启迪，启发，开导Words&phrases1.leapn.跳跃，调高；骤变，激增vt&vi过去式________过去分词________跳跃；猛冲；骤增Withaspring,thecatleaptontothetable.猫一跃跳上桌子。Thephotoseemedtoleapoffthepage.那张照片跃然纸上，引人注目。Thesharepriceislikelytoleapupwards.该股票价格可能会猛涨。That'sonesmallstepfor(a)man,onegiantleapformankind.这是一个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。leapyear_________Lookbeforeyouleap_______________2.spinvi&vt过去式________过去分词________现在分词_________（使）快速旋转；纺线n.高速旋转Thefigure-skaterspunatatremendousspeedinthewater.花样游泳运动员在水中快速旋转。Iwaspouringwithsweat,andmyheadwasspinning.我大汗如雨，感到头晕目眩。Herresignationputhercolleaguesinaspin.她的辞职令同事们摸不着头脑。3.altervt&vi（使）改变，更改，改动HehadalteredsomuchthatIscarcelyrecognizedhim.他变得我几乎认不出来了。=Hehadalteredsomuchthatscarcely___________________________.Shehadthedress________forthewedding.她让人把礼服改一下婚礼上穿。4.thrivevi.茁壮成长，蓬勃发展Hethrivesonhardwork.他以苦干为乐事。Fewplantsoranimalsthriveinthedesert.极少数植物或动物能在沙漠中茁壮成长。Theplacehasrapidlydevelopedfromasmallfishingcommunityintoathrivingtouristresort.这地方由原来的小渔村迅速发展成一个繁荣的旅游胜地。5.crackvt&vi砸开；破裂；猛击n.裂缝；缝隙；爆炸声TheicecrackedasIsteppedontoit.我一踩冰就裂了。Icrackedmyheadonthelowceiling.我的头撞上了低矮的天花板。Shecrackedaneggintothepan.她往锅里打了一个鸡蛋。ahardnuttocrack__________________acrackofthunder一声霹雳6.enlighteningadj.让人受启发的Wouldyouenlightenmeonyourplansforthefuture?请给我解释一下你将来的计划好吗?Igainedagooddealof________________fromhim.我从他那里获得许多启迪。anenlighteninglecture启发性的演讲theEnlightenment(18世纪欧洲的)启蒙运动laydown积存；放下，停止使用lay（过去式）_________（过去分词）_________Similarly,tidalrecordslaiddowninancientrivermouthsalsorevealdifferentlengthsofdaysandyearsinthepast.翻译：_________________________________________________________________________________________layout______________________layoff_____________laystresson___________二、语境填词1.Thedancersstepintoa___________（form）whichrepresentsthehumanbeing.2.Theirpricedependedalmostentirelyontheir_________（scare）.3.Darwineventuallyputforwardamodelofbiological___________（evolve）.4.Hequestionedwhethertheaccidentwas________（sole）thetruckdriver’sfault.5.Bobprefersmakingoriginalpiecesratherthan______________（reproduce）.6.Hecrackedhisheadonthe__________（pave）andwasknockedcold.7.Shestationedherselfatthewindowto_______（wait）hisreturn.8.Theworkerssearchedtheedgeofthecliffona___________（geology）survey.9.________（sit）atthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteachers.10.Theyarepracticingtheirabilityto________（detective）slightchangesintheocean.11.Womenaresometimesdeniedopportunities

s_____

becauseoftheirgender.12.Thev____isnotbigenoughtogetthesmokeout.13.Airisaf____butnotaliquid,whilewaterisbothafluidandaliquid.14.Ishalla_____hearingfromyou.15.Thethiefl____thewallandranaway.16.Inspring,theys____theircocoons.17.Ther_____ofcropskeepsthesoilhealthyandfertile.18.Ifaspacecrafttravelsfasterthan11kmasecond,itescapestheearth’s

____

pull.19.Nothinghisfriendsmightsaycould

a____

thefactthathehadfailed.20.Peoplestillm____forcoalinthisarea.21.Abusinesscannott_____withoutgoodmanagement.22.Thec____ofthebreadisburnt.三、重点短语翻译=1\*Arabic1.探索未知不寻常的地质构造潜到海底阻止它们逃跑生活在这种极端的环境中6.仅仅依靠……7.避免被捕获8.一点也不无聊9.包括365天10.显示出明显的增长模式11.被替代12.利用重力13.关于14.简单地说15.影响世界气候16.上升超过20厘米17.用狗拉的雪橇18.减少负面影响19.把地球像鸡蛋一样砸开20.地球内部结构21.分析地震波22.地球构成23.内部的巨大压力24.更好地了解地球的地质25.揭示生命的起源26.令人兴奋且有启发性的发现27.与其他成分混合28.浮出水面29.一种光学现象30.吸引好奇的人31.丰富多样的32.从巍峨的群山到壮观的峡谷33.深入了解……34.inthetwilight________35.Darwin’stheoryof

evolution________36.captureone’sattention________37.inequalmeasure___________38.scarceresources________39.thermal

underwear________40.pavethewayfor…=laythefoundationfor…__________41.leapyear_______42.therotationoftheearthuponits

axis________43.laydown________44.asyet________45.loseup________46.sparenoeffortinsth_______47.sparenoefforttodosth__________48.Itiswidelyacceptedthat…__________49.cast/throw/shedlighton…___________50.nottoworry___________课文缩读<重要词汇和语法填空>根据所给词及语境提示进行单词填空(每空一词)Itisbelievedthatmorethaneightypercentoftheworld’soceansare(1)_____(explore).Ifwewanttofindexcitingnewlife(2)_____(form)aswellasundiscoveredandunusual(3)_____(geology)formations,theoceansareidealplacesweshouldlookfor.Theopenoceanisthefirst200metresofthewaterbodybeneaththesurfaceoftheoceans.Here(4)____(live)muchofthemarinelifeweknowabout,suchasdolphins,coralsandseaweeds.(5)_____(sink)below200metres,weenterthe(6)_____zone,wherethereislittlesunlightandthusalmostnoplantlife.Mostofthefish(7)_____(live)herearesmallfilterfeederswhichswimupatnighttofeedinthenutrient-richwatersabove.Oncepast1000metres,wehavereachedthedeepocean,(8)_____thereisnolightandtemperaturesdropjustabovethefreezing.The(9)_____(press)ishugeandcanbeover100timesthepressureoftheearth’satmosphere.How(10)_____(surprise)itisthatmanycreaturescanliveinthisextremeenvironment!Theycannotrely(11)_____(sole)ontheireyesighttosurviveandhaveevolvedfascinatingsurvivalcharacteristics.Indeed,many(12)_____(organism)inthedeepoceanareblind.(13)_____(obtain)foodandavoidbeingcaught,theyhavetodependonothersensessuchassmellandtheirability(14)____(detect)slightchangesinwaterpressure.Strangelyenough,somefishhavebothmaleandfemaleorganstoincreasethechancesof(15)______(produce).Onreachingtheoceanfloor,wemayseeshrimpsandotherorganismsaround(16)_____vents.Thediscoveryalteredourviewpointthatalllifeontheearthobtainsitsenergyfromthesun.Infact,lifeformscanobtainnutrientsandenergyfromthermal(17)_____.Fromthefactthatlifecanexistintheseextremeconditions,scientistsbelievethereislife(18)_____intheuniverse.Inadditiontotheventsandremarkableorganisms,wecannotmisstheMarianaTrench,(19)_____(locate)inthenorth-westernpartofthePacificOcean.Itsdeepestpoint,knownastheChallengerDeep,isnearly11000metresbelowsealevel.____youcansee,theworldbeneaththeseasurfaceoftheoceansisindeedanamazingplace.Theincrediblegeologicalformationsandunexpectedlifeformsfascinateyougreatly!五、完形填空Iwas18yearsold,fit,strongandambitious.Oneday,Ifelldownfornoapparentreason.Isawmanydifferentspecialistsandwasfinallydiagnosedwithlimbgirdlemusculardystrophy(MD).Itwasaverydifficulttime.Ihadnoideawhatlifewasgoingto__1_atmeandIwasscared.Bymylate30sitwas__2__andIhadtransitionedfromawalkingsticktoawheelchair.Iwantedtobemasterofmyownfate,soIhadtorecognizemy__3__andplaytomyweaknesses.WhatIwantedtomake___4__wasatriptothenorthpole.PeoplewithMDfeelthecold.SowhydidIwanttogotooneofthemostextreme,coldand__5__placesonEarth?I’dreadaboutChrisCope,whowantedtogotothenorthpoletoraisemoneyforMD,andithad__6__myadventurousspirit:Iwantedtoraiseawarenessaboutthe

__7__,butIalsowantedtofindoutwhatIwascapableof.I’mverycompetitive.Inthetwoyearsithadtakentoorganizetheexpedition,mymuscleshadworsenedbutwe__8___regardless.Theunpleasantlifecoachingandcoldtraininghelpedmeto__9__howmybodywouldbehaveinextremecold,whichmademeawareofwhatto__10__.Ihadanamazingteamaroundme,__11__thefourdifferentflightswetooktogettotheinnerArcticiceshelfwereneverthelessdiscouraging.Whilewewereontheicetherunway__12__andwehadtowaitforittorefreeze.Oncewereachedthenorthpole,Iwasbitterlycold,exhausted

andacomplete__13__.Iwasontheiceforthebestpartofthreelongdays,then__14__thefinal350m.Theexpeditionraised£50000forcharity.MDisslowlydestroyingmylifebutIhavechosentofillitwith__15__andIlivelifetothefull.A.throw B.yell C.target

D.directA.modest

B.initial C.advanced D.minor3.A.privileges B.strengths C.achievements D.commitments4.A.differ B.work C.happen D.count5.A.autonomous B.mysterious C.fantastic D.inaccessible6.A.appealedto B.belongedto C.appliedto D.referredto7.A.significance B.conservation C.condition D.ambition8.A.pulledout B.tookoff C.pressedon D.hungabout9.A.clarify B.illustrate C.stress D.assess10.A.value B.expect C.require D.forgive11.A.though B.but C.so D.as12.A.floated B.split C.disappeared D.twisted13.A.pride B.failure C.mess D.envy14.A.ran B.climbed C.walked D.rolled15.A.responsibilities B.imaginations C.recreations D.experiences六、阅读理解Inthepast15years,ChadPregrackehashelpedpullmorethan67000tiresfromtheMississippiRiverandotherwaterwaysacrosstheUnitedStates．Butthat’sjustscratchingthesurface.He’salsohelpedremove218washingmachines,19tractors,12hottubs,fourpianosandalmost1000refrigerators.ForPregracke,removingthisdebris--piecesofwood,metal,brick,etc.--hasbecomehislife’swork.Sometimescalled“TheRivers’Garbageman”,helivesonabarge

aboutninemonthsoutoftheyearwithmembersofhis12-personcrew.Together,theyorganizecommunitycleanupsalongriversacrossthecountry.It’sadirtyjob,butPregracketookitonbecauseherealizedthatnoonewasdoingit.Itbeganasasolo

effort,andovertheyearshisenergyandenthusiasmhavehelpeditgrow.Todate,about70000volunteershavejoinedhim,helpingcollectmorethan7millionpoundsofdebristhroughhisnonprofit.PregrackegrewupinEastMoline,Illinois,wheretheMississippiRiverwasinhisbackyard.Asateenager,heworkedasacommercialshell(狭长而轻的赛艇)diverandbegantonoticetheheapsofdebrisinthewaterway--onethatsuppliesdrinkingwaterto18millionpeopleinmorethan50UScities.“Isawthousandsofbarrels,thousandsoftires,cars,trucksandtopsofschoolbuses…Igotsickofseeingitandjustwantedtodosomethingaboutit,”hesaid.Pregrackegotasmallfundfromacompanyin1997andspentthatsummercleaninga35-milestretchoftheriverbyhimself.Hewouldtransportthetrashbyboatandsortitonhisparents’lawntoberecycled.Byyear’send,hehadsingle-handedlypulledaround45000poundsoftrashoutoftheriver.Hisnonprofitnowhasafleetofboats.Andwhilehehasresourcesandknow-how,hedependsoneachcommunityhevisitstosupplythemanpowerneededtogetthejobdone.Atthecleanupsites,Pregracke’shumorcreatescheerfulatmosphere--somethingheknowsisnecessaryfortheworkthattheydo.Histeamusesmotivationalspeechesandmusictogetthevolunteersexcited.“Wedoeverythinginourpowertogetpeopleexcitedaboutit,”Pregrackesaid.“Wewantpeopletoleavefeelinggoodaboutwhattheydidsothey’llcontributemorehere.”Pregrackeviewshisworkasadifferentkindofservicetothecountry.“Alotofpeoplecallmeaconservationistoranenvironmentalist,butthethingisI’mnodifferentthananybodyelse,”hesaid.Ultimately,Pregrackebelieveshisstoryisproofthatanyonecanmakeadifference:“IfIhadonethingtosay,itwouldn’tevenbeaboutriversnecessarily.Itwouldbeaboutfindingacausethat’sdeartoyouandtakingaction.”1.WhatinitiallycausedPregracketocleanupthewaterway？A.People’signoranceofthedebrisatthebottomoftheriver.B.Hisambitiontobecomefamousthroughoutthecountry.C.SafetyproblemsofsailingboatsalongtheMississippiD.Hisworriesaboutthesourceofthedrinkingwater.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutPregrackefromthepassage？A.Heaimsatrecyclingwhathavebeenfoundinrivers.B.Hemaintainshiscausewiththehelpfromsociety.C.HemakesalivingbycleaningwaterwaysalloverthecountryD.Hethinksofhimselfasaconservationistorenvironmentalist．3.WhydoesPregracketrytocreateacheerfulatmosphereatthecleanupsites？A.Inordertomaketheheavyjoblighter.B.Inordertoattractthevolunteersback.C.Inordertoincreaseefficiencyinthejob.D.Inordertogettheparticipantsmotivated.4.Throughhisefforts,Pregrackewantstodisplay_______.A.hisloveforwaterways

B.hisvaluetosocietyC.hisattitudetoenvironment

D.hiscapacityforworking七、七选五一练WhenFailureIsaGoodThing?Failureisanimportantprocessyoucanlearnfrom.__1__Mostpeopleviewfailureassomethingthatshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.__2__Itmayhavebeenan“F”wereceivedonapaperorthehighexpectationsourparentsplaceduponourshouldersthatstoppedusfromtrying.Award-winningpsychologistandauthor,RonFriedman,tellsthestoryofhowSaraBlakely,founderofSpanx,revolutionizedthewomen’sclothingindustryandbecameabillionaireinhisbook,TheBestPlaceToWork:TheArtandScienceofCreatinganExtraordinaryWorkplace.__3__Shehadzeroexperienceintheclothingindustry,lackedaneducationinbusinessandraisedonly$5000toinvest.Whenaskedwhereshefoundthecourage,shegaveallcredittoherdad.Whilemostparentsasktheirkids,“Howwasyourday？”whensittingdownfordinner,Sara’sparentsaskedherandherbrother,“Whatdidyoufailattoday？”eachandeverynight.WheninterviewedbyCNN’sAndersonCooper,Sarasaid,“Insteadoffailurebeingtheoutcome,failurebecamenottrying.Itforcedmeatayoungagetowanttopushmyselfsomuchfurtheroutofmycomfortzone.”__4__Itbecamemoreaboutlearningandlessaboutapersonalweakness.Ifweviewfailureasweakness,weavoidsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.__5__Itdoesnotdefineus,butinsteadmaturesus.I’msurethattherearemanyriskswewouldalltakeinourpersonal,professionalandspirituallivesifwecouldgetpastafearoffailure.Whathasbeenthegreatestlessonyouhavelearnedwhentakingachance?Pleasesharewithus.A.And,mostimportantly,itmeansyoutried.B.Let’stakealookathowSarafacedfailures.C.Inreality,Sara’sfatherhadredefinedfailure.D.Earlyon,Saraovercameaseriesofdifficulties.E.Instead,wemustremindourselvesthatfailureisanaction.F.Itisimportanttoreflectonwhatcanbelearntfromfailure.G.Wetendtoconnectfailurewithabadexperiencewehadasachild.八、语法填空练习1.ChinesepharmafirmKintorsurges229%aftersayingitsdrugreducesCoviddeaths开拓药业称其药物可降低新冠死亡率，股价遂飙升229%ChinesedrugmakerKintorPharmaceuticalLtd.soaredinHongKongafter(1)____(say)itspillwashighlyeffectivein(2)____(reduce)theriskofhospitalizationordeathsrelated(3)____Covid-19,raisingtheprospectofafirsthomegrownantiviraltreatment.Shareswereup141%asof11:06a.m.localtimeafterearliersurgingasmuch(4)____229%,thebiggestjumpsincethecompany’sHongKonglistinginmid-2020.Thestockwasalsothebest(5)____(perform)ontheHangSengCompositeIndex,(6)____slid1.6%.Thedrug,proxalutamide,cuttheriskofhospitalizationordeathsby50%to100%ascompared(7)____acontrolledgroup,(8)____(depend)onthedaysoftreatment,Kintorsaidinastatement,citingdatafromitslatestU.S.clinical(9)____(try).Effectivenesswasbetterforhigh-riskgroups,thefirmadded,reducinghospitalizationanddeathsby100%amongthoseaged50orabove(10)____obesity.2.“Stolen”CharlesDarwinnotebooksleftonlibraryfloorinpinkgiftbagTwo“stolen”notebookswrittenbyCharlesDarwinhavebeen(1)____(mysterious)returnedtoCambridgeUniversity,22years(2)____theywerelastseen.Thesmallleather-bound

booksareworthmanymillionsofpounds(3)____includethescientist’s“treeoflife”sketch.(4)____(they)returncomes15monthsaftertheBBCfirst

highlighted

theyhadgone(5)____(miss)andthelibrarylaunchedaworldwideappeal(6)____(find)them.Butwhoreturnedthetwopostcard-sizednotepadsis(7)____real

whodunit.Theywereleftanonymouslyinabrightpinkgiftbag(8)____(contain)theoriginalblueboxthenotebookswerekept(9)____andaplain

brownenvelope.Insidewerethetwonotebooks,wrappedtightlyinclingfilm.Thepackagehadbeenleftonthefloor,inapublicpartofthelibrary(10)____noClosedCircuitTelevision(CCTV).bound:

adj.

(ofbooks)providedwithabindingorcover（书）有……封面、装订的highlight:vt.

todrawattentionto突出，使注意力集中于whodunit:[huːˈdʌnɪt]

n.

astoryorotherworkoffictionaboutthesolvingofamystery,esp.amurder;adetectiveormurderstory悬疑作品，侦探小说plain:

adj.

(ofan