2018年高考英语的试地的题目·全国卷I附详解

全国卷＜I＞＜某某、某某、某某、某某、某某等地区＞第一卷须知事项答第一卷前,考生务必将自己的某某、某某号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上.每一小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.不能答在试卷上.第一局部：听力＜共两节,总分为30＜分＞做题时,先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容完毕后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上.第一节＜共5小题；每一小题1.5分,总分为7.51.5分＞听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最优选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15. C.£9.18.答案是B.Howmuchwillthewomanpayifshebuystwoskirts?A.$18. B.$19. C.$20.Whatwillthespeakersdiscuss?A.Areport.B.Aputer.C.Areportonputer.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Achild.B.Aroom.C.Apresent.Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?A.Thewomandoesnotgetalongwellwiththeman.Thewomandoesnotgetalongwellwithherroommate.Themanwilltalkwiththewoman’sroommate.Wherearethetwospeakersnow?A.Onthefirstfloor.B.Onthefourthfloor.C.Onthefifthfloor.第二节＜共15小题；每题1.5分,总分为22.5分＞听下面5段对话.每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最优选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每一小题5秒钟；听完后,每一小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话读两遍.听第6段材料,回答第6、7题.Whatwasthewomandoingbeforeshewenthome?Typingareport.Rewritingareport.Reviewingareport.Wheredidthewomanhaveherdinner?Inarestaurant.Inheroffice.Athome.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题.Whydoesthemanfeelsurprised?A.Thewomanhasfoundanewjob.B.Thewomandoesn’tfeellikeleaving.C.Thewomandisagreeswithhim.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherdepartment?thereisalackoftrust.Thereareseriousproblems.Thereistoomuchpressure.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Popularsportsevents.TVprogramspeoplelikebest.Thingspeopledoafterwork.Howdidthewomandotheresearch?Shetalkedtopeople.Shesentletterstopeople.Shecollectedinformationfromnewspapers.Whatdomostpeopledointheirsparetime?Gotomovies.Readbooks.WatchTV.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?Attheairport.Inarestaurant.C.Onthestreet.WhydoesthewomanlikeSanFrancisco?Ithaslesstraffic.Ithasthebestfoodandmusic.Peopletherearefriendlier.Wheredoesthewomanefrom?A.Pennsylvania.B.SanFrancisco.C.China.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sEnglish?A.Excellent.B.Acceptable.C.Strange.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题.Howmanypeoplearethereinthewoman’sfamily?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.Whatdidthechildrenthinkabouthavingdinnertogetherathome?Theythoughtitwasfunny.Theydislikedtheideaatfirst.Theypreferredeatingwithfriends.Howoftendidthefamilyfinallydecidetohavemealstogether?A.EverySunday.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.Whofinallysetthetimeforthesefamilydinners?A.Thechildren.B.Thefather.C.Thewomanspeaker.第二局部：英语知识运用＜共两节,总分为45,分＞第一节：语法和词汇知识＜共15小题,每一小题1分,总分为15分＞从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最优选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever答案是B.—CanIspeaktoMr.Wang,please? A.Whoareyou?B.I’mWang.C.SpeakingD.AreyouJohn?Noonehelpedme.Ididitall myself.A.for B.by C.from D.toMarywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.why B.what C.who D.thatIhavemanyfriends, somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoof D.ofwhomWehaven’tenoughbooksfor ;someofyouwillhavetoshare.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybody<="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">D.nobodyTom,you leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynotTheywantedtocharge$5,000forthecar, wemanagedtobringthepricedown.A.but B.so C.when D.since—Whatwouldyoudoifit tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rain B.rains C.willrainD.israiningMyparentswillmovebackintotowninayearor .A.ptlaterB.afterC.soD.aboutItwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlater Ireceivedthemanager’sreply.A.since B.when p;C.as D.that—Ohdear!I’vejustbrokenawindow.— .Itcan’tbehelped.A.NevermindB.AllrightC.That’sfine D.NotatallThestormleft, alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedThehero’sstory differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedD.wasreportingC.reportsD.reportedThecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI before.A.washavingB.haveC.haveeverhadD.hadeverhadThechairmanthought necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him第二节完型填空＜共20小题；每一小题1.5分,总分为30分＞阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的四个选项＜A、B、C和D＞中，选出可以填入空白处的最优选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.OneafternoonIwassittingatmyfavoritetableinarestaurant,waitingforthefoodIhadorderedtoarrive.SuddenlyI___36___thatamansittingatatablenearthewindowkeptglancinginmydirection,___37___heknewme.Themanhadanewspaper___38___infrontofhim,whichhewas___39___toread,butIcould___40___thathewaskeepinganeyeonme.Whenthewaiterbroughtmy___41___themanwasclearlypuzzled＜困惑＞bythe___42___wayinwhichthewaiterandI___43___eachother.Heseemedevenmorepuzzledas___44___wentonanditbecame___45___thatallthewaitersintherestaurantknewme.Finallyhegotupandwentintothe___46___.Whenhecameout,hepaidhisbilland___47___withoutanotherglanceinmydirection.Icalledtheowneroftherestaurantandaskedwhatthemanhad___48___."Well,〞hesaid,"thatmanwasadetective＜侦探＞.He___49___youherebecausehethoughtyouwerethemanhe___50___.〞"What?〞Isaid,showingmy___51___.Theownercontinued,"Hecameintothekitchenandshowedmeaphotoofthewantedman.I___52___sayhelookedverymuchlikeyou!Ofcourse,sinceweknowyou,wetoldhimthathehadmadea___53___.〞"Well,it’sreally___54___IcametoarestaurantwhereI’mknown,〞Isaid."___55___,Imighthavebeenintrouble.〞36.A.knewB.understoodC.noticedD.recognized37.A.sinceB.evenifC.thoughD.asif38.A.flatB.openC.cutD.fixed39.A.hopingB.thinkingC.pretendingD.continuing40.A.seeB.findC.guessD.learn41.A.menuB.billC.paperD.food42.A.directB.familiarC.strangeD.funny43.A.chattedwithB.lookedatC.laughedatD.talkedabout44.A.thewaiterB.timeC.ID.thedinner45.A.trueB.hopefulC.clearD.possible46.A.restaurantB.washroomC.officeD.kitchen47.A.leftB.actedC.satdownD.calmeddown48.A.wantedB.triedC.orderedD.wished49.A.metB.caughtC.followedD.discovered50.A.wastobeatB.wasdealingwithC.wastomeetD.waslookingfor51.A.careB.surpriseC.worryD.regret52.A.mustB.canC.needD.may53.A.discoveryB.mistakeC.decisionD.fortune54.A.apityB.naturalC.achanceD.luckyA.ThusB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Therefore第三局部：阅读理解＜共20小题,每题2分,总分为40分＞阅读如下短文，从每题所给的四个选项＜A、B、C和D＞中,选出最优选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.APetownersarebeingencouragedtotaketheiranimalstowork,amovescientistssaycanbegoodforproductivity,workplacemorale＜士气＞,andthewell-beingofanimals.Astudyfoundthat25%ofAustralianwomenwouldliketokeepanofficepet.SueChaselingofPetcareinformationServicesaidthepracticeofkeepingofficepetswasgoodbothforthepeopleandthepets."Onthepets’side,Theyarenotleftontheirownandwon’tfeellonelyandunhappy,〞shesaid.AstudyofmajorUSpaniesshowedthat73%foundofficepetsbeneficial＜有益的＞,while27%experiencedadropinabsenteeism＜缺勤＞.XarniRiggshastwocatswalkingaroundherGlobalHairSaloninPaddington."Mycustomerslovethem.theyaretheirfavorites,〞shesaid."Theyarenottroublesome.Theyknowwhentogoandhaveasleepinthesun.〞LittleblackBJhasspentnearlyallhistwoyears"working〞atPunchGalleryinBalmain.OwnerIainPowellsaidhehadhadcatsatthegalleryfor15years."BJoftenliesintheshopwindowandpeoplewalkingpasttapontheglass,〞hesaid.MsChaselingsaidcatswerepopularinserviceindustriesbecausetheyenabledapointofconversation.Butshesaidownershadtomakesureboththeirco-workersandthecatswerefortable.ThepercentageofAmericanpaniesthatareinfavorofkeepingofficepetsis .A.73% B.27% C.25% D.15%Weknowfromthetextthat"BJ〞A.worksintheGlobalHairSalonB.oftengreetsthepassers-byC.likestosleepinthesun D.isatwo-year-oldcatThebesttitleforthistextwouldbe .PetsHelpAttractCustomersYourFavoriteOfficePetsC.PetsJointheWorkforceD.BusyLifeforPetsBMONTREAL<Reuters>-CrossingtheUS-Canadaborder<边界〉togotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10,000forbreakingWashington'sstrictnewsecurity〈安全〉rules.TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofSt.Pamphileiswheretheyshop,eatandgotochurch.Therearemanysuchsituationsintheseareasalongthelargelyunguarded5,530-mileborderbetweenCanadaandtheUS-whichinsomecasesactuallyrunsdownthemiddleofstreetsorthroughbuildings.Asaresult,AlbertsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanada,asusual.TheUScustoms〈海关>stationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sohejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeveryweekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.Twodayslater.Albertwastoldtogotothecustomsoffice,whereanofficertoldhimhehadbeencaughtoncarneracrossingtheborderillegally〈非法〉Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethometountrywhroughanotherbordercheckpoint.Alberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefine,buthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince."IfeellikeI’mlivinginaprison,〞hesaid.WelearnfromthetextthatRichardAlbertis .anAmericanlivinginTownship15aCanadixacanlivinginaQuebecvillageaCanadianworkinginacustomsstationanAmericanworkinginaCanadianchurchAlbertwasfinedbecausehe .failedtoobeytrafficrulesbroketheAmericansecurityrulesworkedinSt.PamphilewithoutapassdamagedthegateofthecustomsofficeTheunderlinedword"detour〞inparagraph5means .adrivethroughthetownaraceacrossthefieldsaroundaboutwayoftravelingajourneyinthemountainareaWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?ACross-countryTripASpecialBorderPassAnUnguardedBorderAnExpensiveChurchVisitCWeletoAdventureland!EveryonelovesAdventureland!TheParksandExhibitionswerebuiltforyoutoexplore<探索》,enjoy,andadmiretheirwonders.Everyvisitwillbeanunforgettableexperience.Youwillgoawayenriched,longingtoeback.Whatareyougoingtodothistime?TheTravelPavilionExploreplacesyouhaveneverbeentobefore,andexperiencedifferentwaysoflife.VisittheAmazonjungle〈丛林〉village,theTurkishmarket,theTaifloatingmarket,theBerbermountainhouseandothers.Talktothepeopletherewhowillily:'Titellyouabouttheirlives,andthingstheymake.Youcantrymakingacarpet,makingnets,fishing...TheFutureTowerThisexhibitionshowshowprogresswilltouchourlives.Itallowsustolookintothefutureandexplorethecitiesofthenextcenturyandthewaywe’llbelivingthen.Spendsometimeinourspacestationandclimbintooursimulator<模拟装置〉fortheJourneytoMars!TheNatureParkThisisnotreallyoneparkbutseveral.IntheSafariParkyoucandriveamongAfricananimalsinoneofourRangeCruisers:seelions,giraffes,elephantsinthewild.MoveontotheOceanParktowatchthedolphinsandwhales.AndthenthereisstilltheAviarytosee…ThePyramidThisisthecenterofAdventureland.Runoutoffilm,needsomepostcardsandstamps?Forallthesethingsandmanymore,visitourundergroundshoppingcenter.ehereforinformationandideastoo.TheTravelPavilionisbuilttohelpvisitors .realizetheimportanceoftravellingbeefamiliarwithmountaincountrieslearnhowtomakethingssuchasfishingnetslearnsomethingaboutdifferentplacesintheworldIfyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit .A.theTravelPavilionB.theFutureTowerC.theSafariParkD.thePyrmidIfyouwanttogetatoyliontotakehome,wherewillyoumostlikelygo?A.ThePyramid.B.TheNaturePark.C.TheFutureTower.D.TheTravelParvilion.DAsanyhomemakerwhohastriedtokeeporderatthedinnertableknows,thereisfarmoretoafamilymealthanfood.SociologistMichaelLewishasbeenstudying50familiestofindoutjusthowmuchmore.Lewisandhisco-workerscarriedouttheirstudybyvideotaping<录像Athefamilieswhiletheyateordinarymealsintheirownhomes.TheyfoundthatparentswithsmallfamiliestalkactivelywitheachothesNerandtheirchildren.Butasthenumberofchildrengetslarger,conversationgiveswaytotheparents’effortstocontroltheloudnoisetheymake.Thatcanhaveanimportanteffectonthechildren."Ingeneralthemorequestion-askingtheparentsdo,thehigherthechildren’sIQscores,〞Lewissays."Andthemorechildrenthereare,thelessquestion-askingthereis.〞Thestudyalsoprovidesanexplanationforwhymiddlechildrenoftenseemtohaveahardertimeinlifethantheirsiblings<兄弟姐妹》.Lewisfoundthatinfamilieswiththreeorfourchildren,dinnerconversationislikelytocenterontheoldestchild,whohasthemosttotalkabout,andtheyoungest,whoneedsthemostattention."Middlechildrenareinvisible,〞saysLewis."Whenyouseesomeonegetupfromthetableandwalkaroundduringdinner,chancesareit’sthemiddlechild.〞Thereis,however,onethingthatstopsallconversationandpreventsanyonefromhavingattention:"WhentheTVison,〞Lewissays,"dinnerisanon-event.〞Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthetextisto .showtherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenteachparentswaystokeeporderatthedinnertablereportonthefindingsofastudygiveinformationaboutfamilyproblemsParentswithlargefamiliesaskfewerquestionsatdinnerbecause .theyarebusyservingfoodtotheirchildrentheyarebusykeepingorderatthedinnertabletheyhavetopaymoreattentiontoyoungerchildrentheyaretiredouthavingpreparedfoodforthewholefamilyBysaying"Middlechildrenareinvisible〞inparagraph3,LewismeansthatmiddlechildrenhavetohelptheirparentstoservedinnergettheleastattentionfromthefamilyareoftenkeptawayfromthedinnertablefindithardtokeepupwithotherchildrenLewis’researchprovidesananswertothequestion .whyTVisimportantinfamilylifewhyparentsshouldkeepgoodorderwhychildreninsmallfamiliesseemtobequieterwhymiddlechildrenseemtohavemoredifficultiesinlifeWhichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriteragreeto?Itisimportanttohavetherightfoodforchildren.ItisagoodideatohavetheTVonduringdinner.Parentsshouldtalktoeachoftheirchildrenfrequently.ElderchildrenshouldhelptheyoungeronesatdinnerE"Soon,you’regoingtohavetomoveout!〞criedmyneighboruponseeingthelargesttomatoplantknowntomankind,oratleastknowni:exactly;tab-stops:105.0pt189.0pt273.0pnmyneighborhood.Onetiny9-inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalreadytakenovermuchofmyrosebed,coveringmuchofotherplants,andiswellonitswaytothefrontdoor.Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren’tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn’tbeworththework.Asitis,Ihaveagardenfullofsweet-smellingrosesformostoftheyear.bushesmustbeprunedv剪枝〉inearlyspring,leavinguglywoodybranchesuntilthenewgrowthappearsafewweekslater.Itwasthespaceavailable＜可用的＞inthegardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.Abigmistake.Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmoreperfectfortomatoes.Thedailywateringcoupledwithfullsunandregularfertilizing＜施肥〉haveturnedthelittleplantintoatallbush.ThecageIplacedarounditastheplantgrewhaslongsincedisappearedunderthethickleaves.NowthetaskIfaceinharvestingthefruitistwofold;First,Ihavetofindtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmyhead,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwithdraw＜缩回〉myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.Ifoundtwofull-blownwhiterosespletelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune,buttheywereweakandtheleavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.HereIamfacedwithapainfulsmalldecision:Totearupawonderfulandproductivetomatoplantthatoffersupbetweentenandtwentyripesweettomatoeseachdayorsaygoodbyetoseveralexpensiveandtreasuredroses.LikeScarlettinGoneWiththeWind,I’llthinkaboutthpainfulattomorrow.Whatatetherequirementsforthehealthygrowthofroses?Alotofcareandtherightsoil.Frequentpruningandfertilizing.Tomatoplantsgrownalongside.Cagesplacedaroundtheroots.Thewriterplantedthetomatobecause .itcostonly$1.25thesoilwasjustrightforittherewasroomforitinthegardentheroses’branchesneededtobecoveredThisyearthewriter’sroseswere .removedfromtherosebedpickedalongwiththetomatoesmostlydamagedbytoomuchsunlightlargelyhiddenunderthetomatoplantBysaying"theprizesodearlywon〞inparagraph5,thewriterwantsto .showthedifficultyinpickingthetomatoesshowthehardshipofgrowingtherosesexpressherlikingfortherosesexpresshercareforthetomatoesInthesituationdescribed