高二英语上册全册教案2

高二英语上册全册教案2halloween

theancientdruids督伊德教(古代高卢人与不列颠人的一种宗教)的教徒whoinhabitedwhatwenowcallgreatbritainplacedgreatimportanceonthepassingofoneseasontothenext,holding"firefestivals"whichwerecelebratedforthreedays(twodaysoneithersideofthedayitself).oneofthesefestivalswascalledsamhain(pronouncedsha-von)andittookplaceonoctober31throughtonovember1.duringthisperiod,itwasbelievedthattheboundariesbetweenourworldandtheworldofthedeadwereweakened,allowingspiritsoftherecentlydeadtocrossoverandpossesstheliving.inordertomakethemselvesandtheirhomeslessinvitingtothesewaywardspirits,theancientcelts（凯尔特人）woulddouse（插入水中,把弄熄,弄湿）alltheirfires.therewasalsoasecondarypurposetothis,afterextinguishingalltheirfires,theywouldre-lightthemfromacommonsource,thedruidicfirethatwaskeptburningatusinach,inthemiddleofireland.

samhainwasconsideredtobeagatewaynotonlyfromthelandofthedeadtothelandoftheliving,butalsobetweensummerandfall/winter.forthedruids,thiswasthelastgasp（喘息,气喘）ofsummer(itwasalsothecelticnewyear),sothereforetheymadesureitwentoutwithabangbeforetheyhadtobuttondown（把...弄清晰）forthewinterahead.

theywoulddressupinbizarrecostumesandparadethroughtheirvillagescausingdestructioninordertoscareoffanyrecentlydepartedsoulswhomightbeprowling（巡游）forbodiestoinhabit,inadditiontoburninganimalsandotherofferingstothedruidicdeities（神,神性）.itisalsoapopularbeliefthattheywouldburnpeoplewhotheybelievedtobepossessed,butthishaslargelybeendebunked（揭穿,拆穿假面具,暴露）asmyth.

thistraditionwaslaterbroughttothenorthamericancontinentbyirishimmigrantswhowereescapingthepotatofamineintheirhomeland.inadditiontothefestivalitself,theimmigrantsbroughtseveralcustomswiththem,includingoneofthesymbolsmostcommonlyassociatedwithhalloween--thejack'olantern.

accordingtoirishfolklore,thereoncelivedamannamedjackwhowasknownforbeingadrunkandaprankster（顽皮的人,爱开玩笑的人）.onenightjacktrickedthedevilintoclimbingatree,andquicklycarvedanimageofacrossonthetrunk,trappingthedevil.jackthenmadehimpromisethat,inexchangeforlettinghimoutofthetree,thedevilwouldnevertempthimtosinagain.hereluctantlyagreed,butwasabletoexacthisrevengeuponjack'sdeath.becauseofhismischievouswaysinlife,jackwasbarredfromenteringheavenandbecauseofhisearliertrick,hewasalsobarredfromhell.sohewasdoomedtowandertheearthuntiltheendoftime,withonlyasingleember（灰烬,余烬）(carriedinahollowedoutturnip.[植]芜箐,芜箐甘蓝)towarmhimandlighthisway.inireland,theyoriginallyalsousedturnips