英语翻译课件6正译与反译

英语与汉语都可以从正面或者反面来表达同一概念。在翻译过程中，有些从正面表达的语句可以处理成反面表达，也可以把反面表达的内容处理成正面表达。这种把正说处理成反说的译法称作“正说反译”，把反说处理成正说的译法称作“反说正译”。有时候语言的正反表达形式不能对译，必须进行正反转换，以保证译文的流畅和通顺。6正译与反译6.

正译与反译12Affirmation

肯定讨厌，厌恶

失败拒绝

发牢骚情绪低落的Negation

否定不乐意没成功，没做成不相信，不接受不满意无精打采的愁眉紧锁，面带愁容愁眉不展不履行诺言这玩意儿我压根Originalloathefaildenycomplainlow-spiritedlook

bluebreak

one‘s

promise

食言

It‘s

all

Greek

to

me.

这简直是天书儿不懂3Negation不注意，不细心不识字的人Affirmation粗心大意，疏忽文盲不完全的不经常的残缺的偶尔有之的不同意，不符合 争执坚持干到底OriginalcarelessnessilliteratepleteinfrequentlydisagreeNever

is

along

word.

不要轻易讲'决不'Let's

not

phrase

in

theabsolute.咱们别把话说死了He

does

not

findhimself.

他很不得志Heis

no

idiot.

他又不是白痴The

station

is

no

distance

at

all.车站没多远咱们把话说活一点他甚感茫然他很明白车站很近有些英语句子在形式和内容上虽然都是肯定的，但有时需要根据汉语表达习惯及修辞或语气的要求译成否定形式，才能更好地表达原文内容。翻译以下词汇和短语时常可运用正说反译的方法：1.动词miss

（错过），deny（否认，剥夺），fail（不及格，未成功），lack（缺乏），ignore

（不顾，不理），neglect（忽视），overlook

（不注意），exclude

（排除），refrain

from

（克制），refuse

（拒绝），lose

（丧失）Two

inspections

missed

the

fault

in

the

engine

that

led

to

thecrash.两次检查都没发现引擎中导致事故的故障。She's

still

feeling

pretty

low

about

failing

that

exam.由于没有通过那次考试，她的情绪仍然低落。正说反译46.

正译与反译——正说反译2.形容词ignorant

（无知的），regardless

of

（不顾），freefrom

（免于），farfrom

（远远不，非但不是），short

of

（不足），absent

（缺席），out

of

（没有），bad

（不适当的）Our

drinks

are

free

from

all

artificial

colorings

andflavorings.我们的饮料不含任何人工色素和调味品。While

our

boss

was

absent

everyone

started

to

take

very

longlunchbreaks.老板不在时，人人都开始延长午餐休息时间。Far

from

helping

the

situation,

you've

just

made

it

evenworse.你非但于事无补，还把情况弄得更糟了。56.

正译与反译——正说反译beyond

（超出），but

for

（若不是），except

（除了）等The

town

center

has

changed

beyondallrecognition.这个镇中心已经变得完全认不出了。Thescore

could

have

been

higher

but

for

some

excellentgoalkeeping

by

Simon.若不是因为西蒙守门技术精湛，得分还会更高些。3.介词6.

正译与反译——正说反译6连词before

（决不，还未来得及），unless（如果不），until（不到……时候），rather...than...（宁可……也不愿）Unless

the

weather

improves,

we

will

have

to

cancel

the

game.天气如果没有好转，我们就得取消比赛。I

wouldrather

take

a

bus

than

driving

around

all

daylookingfor

somewhere

to

park.与其整天开车到处寻找停车位，我还不如坐公交车呢。6.

正译与反译——正说反译7名词absence

（缺席），failure

（不成功），refusal

（拒绝），ignorance（无知）In

theabsence

of

any

evidence,

the

police

had

to

let

Anders

go.由于没有任何证据，警方不得不释放安德斯。Thefailure

of

the

international

community

to

deal

effectivelywith

the

problem

has

cost

thousands

of

lives.国际社会未能有效处理这个问题，导致了成千上万的人丧生。6.

正译与反译——正说反译89练习Such

a

chance

was

denied

to

me.Hold

on

please.The

light

in

the

classroom

is

poor.I

have

read

your

article

.

I

expect

to

meet

anolder

man.

(adj.)It

was

beyond

his

power

to

sign

such

a

contract.(prep.)The

islanders

found

themselves

far

from

readyto

fight

the

war.Behave

yourself

during

my

absence.10Such

a

chance

was

denied

to

me.我没有得到这样一个机会。Hold

on

please.请别挂断。The

light

in

the

classroom

is

poor.教室里的光线不足。I

have

read

your

article

.

I

expect

to

meet

an

older

man.

(adj.)拜读了你的大作，没想到你这样年轻。It

was

beyond

his

power

to

sign

such

a

contract.

(prep.)他无权签订这种合同。The

islanders

found

themselves

far

from

ready

to

fight

the

war.岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。Behave

yourself

during

my

absence.我不在时要规矩点/不得胡闹反说正译是指在翻译过程中把原文的否定式译成肯定式。在某些语境中，英语中的否定往往需要译成汉语的肯定，即英语从反面表达，汉语从正面表达。1．某些带否定性含义的动词，如unload，disappear，disagree，disapprove等。These

beautiful

birds

are

disappearing.这些漂亮的鸟类正在面临绝种。When

we

got

home

and

wereunloading

the

car,

I

couldhardly

believe

my

eyes

when

my

brother

took

a

briefcase

out

ofthecar.到了家，我们把行李从车上卸下来，我兄弟从车里拿出一只公文包时，我真不敢相信自己的眼睛。Whydoyoualways

havetodisapprove

of

everything

I

do?你为什么总是反对我做的任何事？反说正译116.

正译与反译——反说正译某些带有否定含义的形容词，如unhappy，impatient，illiterate，unusual，untouchable，careless，uneasy，mon等。Rapid

and

inexpensive

transport

and

communication

maythreaten

national

cuisines.快速及便宜的交通运输业会威胁到民族烹饪。I

like

that

painting;

it's

most

unusual.我喜欢那幅画，它独具一格。90%

of

those

questioned

felt

uneasy

about

nuclear

power.。百分之九十被询问的人对核武器感到忧虑。6.

正译与反译——反说正译12某些带有否定含义的名词，如dislike，disbelief，unemployment，impatience等。However，

food

likesanddislikes

donot

always

seemrelated

to

nutrition.不过，对食物的好恶似乎并不一定与营养有关。Unemployment

rose

last

month

to

its

highest

level

for

overfiveyears.上个月失业人数上升到五年多来的最高点。6.

正译与反译——反说正译134．某些词组和句型，如no

more

than(仅仅)，in

notime(立刻)，not

more

than(最多)，none

but(只有)，noneotherthan(正是)，cannothelp...(情不自禁)，not

until(直到)等。Students

in

this

class

with

no

exception

must

answer

all

the questions.这个班的同学统统必须回答所有的问题。I

will

have

no

doubt

that

he

will

succeed.我坚信他会成功。You

cannot

be

too

careful

in

crossing

the

street.过马路时你们千万要加倍小心。 6.

正译与反译——反说正译

14在汉译英时，某些否定结构不一定用英语否定词，也可以恰当地使用某些含有否定意义的词语，以确保语言的丰富，例如：镇中心变化很多，根本认不出来了。The

towncenter

has

changedbeyond

all

recognition.她的品行不容怀疑。Her

conductwas

above

suspicion.我得不到上大学的机会。I

was

denied

the

chanceof

going

to

university.我茫然不明白发生了什么事。I

wasat

a

loss

(to

understand)

what

hadhappened.我们迟到了，未能听到音乐会的第一部分。We

were

late

and

missed

the

first

part

of

the

concert.6.

正译与反译——汉译英中的正反译法1516练习All

the

articlesare

untouchable

inthemuseum.

(adj.)The

problem

is

not

beyond

ourreach.There

is

no

one

who

knew

him,

I

believe,that

will

not

givecheerfully.17All

the

articles