初中英语定语从句

定语从句

毕业班专用定语从句一概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.

(Attributiveclause)Maryisabeautiful

girl.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句1.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.

定语从句的结构：先行词+关系词+句子注意：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般位于先行词后关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why关系代词：

指物：thatwhich

指人：thatwho(主/宾格)whom（宾格）

指所属：

whose

三定语从句关系词（一）关系代词that,which:

先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词用that、which.(作主语或宾语)1·Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2·Ilostthepen（which）

myfatherboughtme.※关系代词在从句中做主语不可省，做宾语可省(二）关系代词who,that,whom:

如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(只作宾语)Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Theboywho(m)I’mlookingforismyfriend※

who/that作主语.(不能省)who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)小结：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。总结规律：1.缺成分（主语或宾语），用关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）

不缺成分，用关系副词(where/when/why)2.关系词的选择：做主语，指人——that、who做主语，指物------that、which作宾语，指人------that、whom、不填作宾语，指物------that、which、不填用关系词填空1.ThisisBeijing__________isbeautiful2.ThisisBeijing_____________Itraveledtolastyear.3.ThisisBeijing__________Ilived.4.Thereisahouse_______roofisbroken.that/whichthat/which/不填where/inwhichwhose（三）关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词,不可省略。1Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.2Ilikethehousewhosewindows

facessouth关系代词只能用that,不用which,五种情况：当先行词是all,any,few,little,much,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。

That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时

Thatisthemostinterestingbook

thatIhaveeverread.Thefirstthing

thatIshoulddo

istoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame，thelast,thenext等修饰时。That’stheonly

thingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.只能使用which的情况1、非限制性定语从句中。eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.2、在介词之后。eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.只能使用who/whom的情况1在非限制性定语从句中只能用who或者whom。eg.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.2介词后面时只能用who或者whom。

Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.Exercise1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.

Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.4.Myparentsliveinahouse__________ismorethan100yearsold.5.Theboywith_______Johnspokeismybrother.which/thatwhom6.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.which/that7.Isthereanything________youwanttobuyinthetown.8.All______wecandoistostudyhard.9.Thefirstone_____standsupisalittleboy.thatthatthatExercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,

all

等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：when/where/why

（一）when作时间状语:先行词为时间名词

1Shewillneverforgettheday

when(=onwhich)shewasmarried.

2Itwastheyear

when(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.When=介词+which

（二）where作地点状语先行词为地点名词Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.where=介词+which（三）why作原因状语,其先行词常常是thereason.Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Iknowthereasonwhyhesaidit.why=forwhichExercise1.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthat2.Isthatthereason_____youarefortheplan.whichB.whatC.whyD.forthat3.October1,1949istheday_____thePRCwasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.onthat4.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that挑战高难度！！！1.Isthistheplace______youwereborn?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that2.Isthistheplace______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.whatD.why3.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterwrotehisworksisamuseumnow.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thehouse_______thefamouswriterboughtmanyyearsagoisamuseumnow.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why5.Hetoldherthereason____heisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereason______hegivesher.A.why;whyB.why;whichC.that;whyD.which;why关系副词和关系代词的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的