第10讲图表作文概况及写法

图表作文张静—图表作文概况1.1

Task1

图表作文数据类—graph/

chart-柱状图bar

chart-曲线图line

graph-饼状图pie

chart-表格table图形类—diagram-流程图flow

chart-地图map1.2

好的图表作文特征ObjectivityAccuracyThoroughness二决定成败的准备工作2.1

仔细审题单位标题图例数字落点2.2

合理划分主体段一图多图线、条、饼巨多的题目2.3

熟悉各段的基本框架段落句数作用开头段写1~2句改写原题主体段1写1+X句总体概括+具体介绍数字…主体段N结尾段写1~2句total+结论三开头段的写法小作文开头段的写法只有一句话：改写题目增加单词删除单词替换单词把所概括的名词所指代的具体对象写出来替换单词chart/

graph/

bar

chart/

pie

chart/

linegraph/

table/diagram/

flow

chart/

mapis

about/

show/

indicate/

illustrate/

giveinformation

aboutproportion/

percentagecategories/

kinds/

typesinformation/

datathe

UK/

Britain/

the

United

Kingdom四主体段的写法4.1数据类小作文的整体思路Select

the

main

features

挑选数据Make

contrast

where

relevant做比较◆如何挑选数据含有时间变化的：趋势变化多个描述对象的：多者比较◆如何做比较单一描述对象的动态变化多个描述对象的静态对比切记！！！所有数据类小作文写法都只有两种趋势变化（单一动态）+多者比较（多者静态）=60%纯粹的多者比较（多者静态）=40%趋势变化（单一动态采分点）增长﹑下降very

important峰值﹑谷值important波动﹑稳定not

important趋势变化（单一动态）小作文词汇句型增长动词过去式名词increaseincreasedincreasegrowgrewgrowthriseroserise下降动词过去式名词decreasedecreaseddecreasefallfellfalldropdroppeddrop大幅度地，剧烈地，快速地形容词副词sharpsharplydramaticdramaticallyconsiderableconsiderablysignificantsignificantly小幅地，逐步地稳定地，形容词副词gradualgraduallyslightslightlysmoothsmoothlymoderatelymoderately趋势变化（单一动态）小作文词汇句型从1905年到1945年日本死亡率增长很快。句型：描述对象（含地点）+趋势动词+程度副词+时间错误句子The

death

rate

of

Japan

increases

sharplyduring

1905

to

1945.increasedfrom…to…between…and…The

death

rate

of

Japan

isincreased

sharply

in

1905-1945.正确句子从1905年到1945年日本死亡率增长很快。The

death

rate

of

Japan

increased

sharply

from1905

to

1945.从1945年到1995年日本出生率缓慢下降。There

was

a

slight

decrease

in

the

birth

rate

ofJapan

over

the

period

1945

to

1995.Japan

saw

a

moderate

fall

in

the

birth

rate

forthe

years

1945

to

1995.从2003年到2013年，青少年的吸烟率快速增长1945年日本出生率急剧下降到2%。The

birth

rate

of

Japan

dropped

sharply

to2%

in1945.There

was

a

dramatic

decrease

to

2%inthe

birth

rate

of

Japan

in

1945.Japan

saw

a

significant

fall

to

2%

in

thebirth

rate

in

1945.从1905年到1945年，日本死亡率从13%增长到99%。The

death

rate

of

Japan

increased

by

86%,from

…in…to

…in

….There

was

a

rise

of

86%

in

the

deathrateof

Japan,

from

…in…to

…in

….Japan

saw

a

growth

of

86%

in

the

deathrate

from

…in…to

…in….从1945年到1995年，日本出生率从12%下降到3%。The

death

rate

of

Japan

decreasedfourfold

from

…in…to

…in

….There

was

a

fourfold

drop

in

the

deathrateof

Japan,

from

…in…to

…in

….Japan

saw

a

fourfold

fall

in

the

deathratefrom

…in…to

…in

….峰值…reach

a

maximum

(of)

……peak

at…谷值…reach

a

minimum

(of)

…举例：The

birth

rate

of

China

reached

amaximum

of

19%in

1975.■波动fluctuate/

fluctuationSlightly/

considerably举例：The

birth

rate

of

China

fluctuatedconsiderably

over

the

period

1975

to

2005.保持稳定remain

stable

at/

stay

unchanged

at举例：The

birth

rate

of

China

stayed

relativelyunchanged

at

30%

for

the

years

1975

to

1995.替代需反复出现的同样一个描述对象it/

this/

this

number/

this

figure连接每一个动词变化的连接词after

this/

then/

next/and/after+时间/before/until/this

is

(was)followed

by时间的替换表达over

the

next…yearsduring

the

following…monthsa

decade

later/

earlier趋势变化小作文举例-犯罪率It

is

worth

noting

that

the

conviction

ratesfor

both

males

and

females

reach

apeakintheirearlytwenties.(共性)The

male

conviction

rate

increases

by

9%,from

1%

at

the

age

of10

to

10%

at

the

ageof

20.

A

much

smoother

rise

is

found

inthis

figure

for

females

during

the

sameperiod.These

numbers

for

both

males

andfemales

experience

a

gradual

decreaseafter

they

are

twenty

yearsold.趋势变化小作文举例-休闲活动三种写法There

was

a

dramatic

rise

of

5%

in

thefigure

for

talking

with

friends,

from

21%

in1985

to

26%

in

1995.The

percentage

of

Europeans

who

liked

totalk

with

friends

stood

at

26%

in

1985.However,

this

number

dropped

sharply

to21%

a

decade

later.Talking

with

friends

was

more

popular

in1995,

at

26

percent

compared

to21percent

10

years

before.趋势变化小作文温馨提示趋势变化小作文不仅有曲线图。所有含有时间的线，饼，柱，表格都有趋势类写法趋势变化只有可能是一篇作文的一部分多者比较小作文采分点多者之间最大最小值相似相异值两者之间单纯对比程度对比差值对比整倍数多者比较（多者静态）小作文词汇句型最大值The

largest/

the

highest/

themostthe

largest

number

of/

the

largest

amount

ofthe

most

popular/

prevalent/

widely

enjoyedstay

in

top

position

in

terms

of第二大值…be

the

second

+adj.最高级…take

the

second

place

in

termsof…The

next

one

is/

was…最小值the

smallest/

the

lowest/

the

leastthe

smallest

amount

of/

the

fewestthe

smallest

number

ofthe

least

popular/

prevalent/

widely

enjoyed中间值This

is/

was

followed

by……maintain(ed)

the

middle

position最大最小值用法举例最大：Yao

is

the

tallest.=Yao

stays

in

thetop

position

in

terms

of

height.二大：Zhang

is

the

second

tallest.=Thenext

one

is

Zhang.=Zhang

takes

thesecond

place

in

terms

of

height中间：Guo,

Li

and

Liu

maintain

the

middleposition=This

is

followed

by

Guo,

Li

andLiu.最小：Pan

is

the

shortest.=Pan

ranksthelast.相似相异值——用来写结尾There

are/

were

striking/

surprising/obvious

similarities

(differences)in…among…举例:

There are

striking

differences

in

thestandards

of

beauty

among

people

all

overtheworld.两者比较单纯对比larger/

smaller, higher/

lowermore/

less-fewer,

more

popular/

less

popularlonger/

shorter,

older/

newer-younger

than程度对比一点点：slightly/marginally+比较级…多了：much/far/considerably+比较级差值对比马伊琍比文章大8岁。Ma

is

8

years

older

than

wen.姚明比潘长江高两米。Yao

is

2

meters

taller

than

Pan.整倍数-句型句型1…be+倍数词+as+adj.(large/much/many/high)+as+(thatof)句型2…be+倍数词+比较级（larger/

more/higher)+than+(that

of)整倍数举例咱班女生数量是男生的4倍。The

number

of

girls

is

four

times

as

largeas

that

ofboys.The

number

of

girls

is

three

times

largerthan

that

of

boys.日本女护士的工资是男护士的10倍。The

salary

of

a

female

nurse

in

Japan

isten

times

as

high

as

that

of

a

male

nurse.The

salary

of

a

female

nurse

in

Japan

isnine

times

higher

than

that

of

a

malenurse.句型3…动词+倍数+as+adj.(many/much)+（名词）+as+(thatof)举例：Frank

每天吃的东西是八戒的10倍Frank

eats

10

times

as

much

food

as

that

ofSuper

Pig

everyday.多者比较小作文举例-表格the

table

below

is

about

the

undergroundrailway

systemkilometersof

routedateopenedpassengersper

year(thousand)London199718781900Paris150319002400Tokyo112219173996Washington4001945300Los

Angles151967400Miyazaki111978122审题：看是否有时间变化分段：多数服从少数段内数据挑选：最大最小值第二段层次结构1总体概括：建的越早，就越长2最大值：London最早1878，最长1997km3二大值：Paris二老1900，二长1503km

4中间值：Tokyo,Washington,Los

Angles5最小值：最新1978，最短11km第二段范文第1句—总体概括The

earlier

a

subway

was

built,

the

longeritisOlder

subways

are

longer.The

length

of

a

subway

increases

withitsage.第二段范文第2句—最大值London5.5分简单版：London

subway

is

theoldest.It

was

built

in

1878.It

is

also

thelongest,at/with

1997

kilometers.8分给力版：London

subway

stays

in

topposition

in

terms

of

age

and

length,whichhas

a

history

of

133

years

and

isabout180

times

longer

than

Miyazaki

subway.第二段范文第3句—二大值ParisThe

next

one

is

Paris

subway,

which

wasconstructed

in

1900

and

is

494

kilometersshorter

than

London

subway.第二段范文第4句—中间值This

is

followed

by

Tokyo,

Washington

andLos

Angles.Tokyo,

Washington

and

Los

Anglesmaintain

the

middle

position.第二段范文第5句—最小值M

subway

ranks

the

last,

which

wasopened

a

century

later

than

Londonsubway

and

has

a

route

of

merely

11kilometers.第三段范文第1句—最大值TokyoTokyo

subway

owns

the

largest

carryingcapacity,

which

holds

about

32

times

as

many

passengers

as

that

of

M

subway

passengers

per

years.第三段范文第2句—二大值ParisParis

subway

takes

the

second

place,

at2400,000

each

year.第三段范文第3句—中间值London

,

Washington

and

Los

Anglesmaintain

the

middle

position.第三段范文第4句—最小值In

contrast,

M

subway

transports

thesmallest

number

of

passengers,

at122,000

annually.第四段范文—结尾In

conclusion,

there

are

strikingdifferences

in

age,

length

and

carryingcapacity

among

the

subway

system

in

6cities.多者比较小作文举例—柱状图（C4T3)开头段：改写题目The

bar

chart

indicates

post-schoolqualifications

of

various

levels

by

g