2023年上海市虹口区高三下学期高考二模英语试卷(附听力音频)含详解

虹口区2022学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试

高三英语试卷

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LListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendof

eachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefour

possibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.

1.

A.Boring.B.Special.

C.Delicious.D.Traditional.

2.

A.£12.B.£24.C.£6.D.£8.4.

3.

A.Hedidn'tworklastweek.B.Hemanagedtoavoidbeingfined.

C.Hewasfined.D.Heisalwaysacarefulbikerider.

4.

A.Ittookthemanalongtimetoarrive.

B.Thetrafficwasnotbusythatmorning.

C.Atrafficaccidenthappenedontheman'swayhere.

D.Themanneedn'tgotoworkonMondaymorning.

5.

A.Shemakeseffortstoorganizetheparty.B.Sheisgoingtobelatefortheparty.

C.Shedesignsthedresswithcare.D.Sheiseagertoattendtheparty.

6.

A.Theconcertisverypopular.

B.Thewomanhastofinishherworkfirst.

C.Thewomanshouldn'tgototheconcert.

D.Hedoesn'tbelievethewomanhastheconcertticket.

7.

A.Thebatteryneedscharging.B.Itisnowheretobefound.

C.Thebatteryispositionedincorrectly.D.Itisthewrongremotecontrol.

8.

A.Hisprojecthadtobesuspended.B.Hisprojectwassuccessful.

C.Hefailedtogetenoughlandforhisproject.D.Hewasunabletogetenoughfunding.

9.

A.HehaslittlepassionforEnglishlessons.B.HehasmadegreatprogressinEnglish.

C.HeisuninterestedinEnglishsongs.D.Heisamajorofmusic.

10.

A.Mr.Long'sbriefingwasunnecessarilylengthy.

B.Mr.Long'sbriefingwasnotrelevanttothemission.

C.Thewomanshouldhavebeenmoreattentive.

D.Thewomanneedn'thaveattendedthebriefing.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwill

beaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandthe

conversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

11.A.Mostfoodscan'tbefreeze-dried.B.Theydon'tknowhowtodoit.

C.Theydon'thaveproperequipment.D.Thisprocessistime-consuming.

12.A.Theyareverylightinweight.B.Theytakeuplittlespacetostore.

C.Theydon'tkeepmuchnutrition.D.Theydon'ttasteasgoodasbefore.

13.A.Howtoproducefreeze-driedfoods.B.Whypeoplelikefreeze-driedfoods.

C.Advantagesoffreeze-driedfoods.D.Featuresoffreeze-driedfoods.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

14.A.$31.B.$71.

C.$1000.D.$4000.

15.A.Shelearnshowtoentertainothers.B.Shefindsapersontochatwith.

C.Sheneedn'tdinealone.D.Shefeelsrelaxed.

16.A.AtraditionalJapaneseman.B.Anunusualjob.

C.Theoutlookofrentalservice.D.Theadvantageofdoingnothing.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

17.A.Theyhaveputuptheirhouseforsale.

B.TheyhavepaidseveralvisitstoSpain.

C.Theyhaveinformedheroftheirdecision.

D.Theyhavehintedattheplansseveraltimes.

18.A.Shehopestoreturntoherhometown.

B.Sheistiredofthefastpaceofcitylife.

C.Shehasbeenlongingtoliveinabiggertown.

D.Shehasalwayswantedtolearnanewlanguage.

19.A.Itisquitefamiliartothem.

B.Itisasmallbutfast-pacedtown.

C.ItisanidealplacetolearnSpanish.

D.Itismuchdifferentfromwheretheyareliving.

20.A.Takeoverthefamilybusiness.

B.MovetoSpainwithherparents.

C.Assistherparentswiththemove.

D.Packtheluggageforherparents.

ILGrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

Whyweshouldrecordtravelmoments

Throughoutmytravels,Ihavecomeinsearchofasound,notasight.

Justassometravellerstakephotosoflandscapesortheirfood,Istartedcollectingsoundrecordingsasanunusualand

artisticwaytohelpmeremembersomeofthemoststimulatingdetailsofmytrips.Tvefoundthat21(listen)back

totheserecordings,I'mabletorecalleachplaceandmomentinadifferentwaythanIcanbyscrollingthroughimages.It

turnsoutthatthismaybe22ourbrainsremembersounddifferentlythanothertypesofsenses.

AccordingtoDrJamesGiordano,aprofessoratGeorgetownUniversityMedicalCenter,ourbrainsprocess

informationandturnitintomemoriesbyreceivingit23oursenses,encodingitandstoringit—muchlikea

computer.Whenwereceiveinformationandencodeit,itisfairlyshort-terminnature;butwhen24(store),it

becomeslong-termmemory.Theinformationwereceiveandprocesswithourears25(call)echoicmemory

记忆).“Thinkofthebrainasaspaceandtimemachine.Itallowsus26(transport)ourselvesbackandforwardin

time,acrossspaces,Giordanosaid."Echoicmemoryisexactlyasthenamewouldimply:itis,infact,anechoof

somethingthat27(occur).^^

AccordingtoastudyattheUniversityofIowanamedInoneearandouttheother,agroupofstudentsparticipatedin

twoexperimentsin28theylistenedtosounds,lookedatimagesandheldobjects.Inthefirstexperiment,students

wereaskedtorecall29variousstimuli(刺激物)werethesameordifferentafterasetperiodoftime.Inthe

second,theywereaskedtorecallthesounds,imagesandobjectsafteranhour,adayandthenaweek.In30ofthe

instances,students'recollectionofsoundwasfarworsethantheirvisualmemories,andthelongerthetimepassedby,the

greaterthegapbecame.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.astronomicalB.aweC.enduringD.facilitatedE.generatedF.massiveG.pointingH.

primitiveI.representedJ.spiritK.isolation

StonehengeStonehengeinsouthernEnglandrankstheworld'smostsymbolicarchaeological(考古的)sitesandoneof

itsgreatestmysteries.ThehugestonecircleonSalisburyPlaininspires31andfascination-butalsointense

debatesome4,600yearsafteritwasbuiltbyancientBritonswholeftnowrittenrecord.

Themonument'smysteriouspasthas32countlesstalesandtheories.Accordingtofolklore,Stonehengewas

createdbyMerlin,whomagicallytransportedthe33stonesfromIreland,wheregiantshadputthemup.Another

legendsaysthearmiesfromDenmarkputthestonesup,andanothertheorysaystheyweretheruinsofaRomantemple.

Modemdebateoverthemonument'smeaninghastwomaincamps:thosewhoseeitasareligioussite,andotherswho

believeitrepresentsascientificobservatoryandalsoakindof34computerusedforworkingoutdates.Both

campsbasetheirtheoriesonthesite's35influence.Thepositionofthestones36tothesunandmoonis

takenasevidenceofritualslinkedtothechangingseasonsandthesummerandwintersolstices（冬至和夏至）.

Competingtosolvethe37prehistoricpuzzleisSheffieldUniversity'sMikeParkerPearson,co-leaderofthe

StonehengeRiversideProject,whichispartlyfundedbytheNationalGeographicSociety.Discoveriesbytheprojectteam

supportedtheclaimthatStonehengewasacenterfbrreligiousactivitieslinkedbytheRiverAvonandtwoceremonial

avenuestoamatchingwoodencircleatnearbyDurringtonWalls.Thetwocircleswiththeirtemporaryandpermanent

structures38.respectively,thelivingandthedead,accordingtoParkerPearson.

^Stonehengeisn'tamonumentin39hesays."Itisactuallyoneofapair-oneinstone,oneinwood.The

theoryisthatStonehengeisakindof40hometotheancestors.

IILReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Food-deliveryfirmsarecomingofage.Amongteensandmillennials,orderingfoodonlineisas41ahabitas

bookingaroomonline.Justhow42consumersareisclearfromfinancialdocumentsbyDoorDash,America's

biggestfood-deliverycompany.FromJanuarytoSeptemberthatyear,itbookedordersworth$16billion,upby198%year

onyear.

ThemajorityofAmerica's700,000orsoeateriesnow43bymeansofadeliveryapp.Modemlifemakes

peoplerelymoreonconveniencefood,asmorewomenworkandeverybodyis44time.Indoingso,ithasalso

changedoneofSiliconValley'smostcriticizedbusinessmodels.

RestaurantsenteredthedigitalworldtwodecadesagowhenTinEuropeandGrubhubinAmericaput

menus45.Restaurantsdeliveredthefoodthemselvesandthemiddlemenwerereliablyprofitable.46,

thenew"third-partylogistics“firmslikeDoorDashandUberEatshavetosharethebills,whichaveragearoundS30,three

ways.Oncedriversandrestaurantstaketheir47.notmuchisleft.

Untilrecentlynoneofthesestartupfirmsmade48.eveninemergingmarketswherelabourcostsarefar

lower.Lackofobviouseconomiesofscaleorbarrierstoentrymeantseveralcompetitorswerefightingovermarketshareby

offeringdiners49discounts-andbleedingredinkintheprocess.Theyalsofacedtheprospectofasharp

50inlabourcosts,asCaliforniapassedalawthatrequiredcompaniestotreatapp-basedworkersasfull

employees.

5j,theAmericanfirm'snumberscontainedplentytochewon.DoorDashisgeneratingcashandis

profitableonanadjustedbasis.Itsin-appadsbusinessoffersjuicymargins.Thecompanyseesitselfasthedigitalhubfor

theconvenienceeconomy,connectingmerchants,customersandriders;theword“platfbrm''arose646timesinitsfiling.It

hasevenstarteddeliveringgroceriesandconvenience-storeitemsandsellinglast-mile52toothercompanies.

Lookingahead,highunemploymentamidacontinuingeconomicdownturnshouldmeanlotsofcheaplabour.

Otherfactsare53toswallow.DoorDashwarnsthatgrowthwillslowasmorepeoplearegoingbackto

workafterthevirusdeclined.Thesharepricesofmanylisteddigitalfirmsthatbenefitedfromlockdownsandself-isolating

consumers54onthenewsofaneffectivevaccine（疫苗）.Anddespitetheircritics5defeatinCalifornia,gig

firms（招临工的公司）willcontinuetofaceaccusationsof55theirworkers.Inthisrespect,DoorDashhas

alreadyjoinedthecluboflistedtechplatforms.

41.A.establishedB.cautiousC.curiousD.annoying

42.A.aim-orientedB.addictedC.excitedD.well-informed

43.A.collectB.relayC.forecastD.distribute

44.A.friendlytoB.experiencedinC.shortofD.responsiblefor

45.A.outsideB.rightC.onlineD.free

46.A.BycontrastB.ForinstanceC.TosumupD.Inturn

47.A.edgeB.roleC.cutD.price

48.A.moneyB.callsC.complaintsD.movement

49.A.tradeB.generousC.meanD.cash

50.A.breakB.divisionC.blowD.rise

51.A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Consequently

52.A.advertisingB.deliveryC.insuranceD.productivity

53.A.harderB.quickerC.easierD.slower

54.A.doubledB.lastC.mountedD.fell

55.A.takingadvantageofB.goingalongwithC.lookingoutforD.puttingupwith

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Growingup,Iunderstoodonethingaboutmydad:Hekneweverything.Thiswasourrelationship,insum:Iaskedhim

questionsandhetoldmetheanswers.WhenImovedoutonmyown,Icalledhimatleastonceaweek,usuallywhen

somethingbrokeinmyapartmentandIneededtoknowhowtofixit:thetoilet,theair-conditioning...

Butthen,eventually,Ineededhimless.Igotmarried,andmyhusbandhadmostoftheknowledgeIlackedaboutwater

heatersandnondestructiveinsectremoval.Foreverythingelse,wehadtheInternet.Idon'tknowwhenithappened,butour

conversationswhenIcalleddeclinedtosixwords.Me:"Hi,Dad.^^Him:"Hi,sweets.Here'sMom."Ilovedmydad,of

course,butIwonderedattimesifmaybehehadalreadysharedeverythingIneededtoknow.

Then,thispastsummer,myhusband,ourfourkids,andImovedinwithmyparentsforthreeweekswhileourhouse

wasbeingrepaired.Theyownalakehouse,andDadaskedmetohelphimrebuildthebulkheadattheirdock（码头的舱壁）.

Itwashardlabor.Butasweputthenewbulkheadtogetherpiecebypiece,mydadknowingexactlywhatwentwhere,I

lookedathim."Howdoyouknowhowtobuildabulkhead?^^

Theheavymallet（木槌）hewasswingingpausedinmidair.spentasummerincollegebuildingthemontheJersey

Shore.”"Youdid?”Ithought1kneweverythingaboutmydad-allhisrandomjobs.Iknewabouttheapplefarm,the

summeratthehotsaucemanufacturingplant,andeventhedinerline-cookposition,wherehelearnedhowtomakethebest

omeletintheworld.ButIneverknewthis.

“Yep.Nowletmeteachyouhowtousethissaw.”

Asheexplainedtheimportanceofnotbendingtoolow,Irealizedthatmaybeifsnotthatthere'snothinglefttosay.

Maybeit'sjustthatFvespentmylifeaskinghimthewrongquestions.

Afewweekslater,aftermyfamilyandImovedbackintoourrenovatedhouse,Icalledmyparents.Dadanswered.

sweets/5hesaid."Here'sMom.”"Wait,Dad,"Isaid."Howareyou?”Weendeduptalkingabouttheconsultingjobhewas

workingon,anewbatteryhe'dboughtforhissailboat,arefinancemyhusbandandIwerelookingintotorelieveourhome

loan.Nothinglife-changing.Toanyoneelse,itwouldsoundlikeanonnalconversationbetweenadadandhisdaughter.

Buttome,itwasnovel.Anewbeginning.Ispentthefirstpartofmylifeneedingtotalktomydad.NowItalktohim

becauseIwantto.

56.Whydidtheauthor'sconversationswithherdadbecomeshorterovertime?

A.Shegotmarriedanddidn'thavetimetotalk.

B.Herdadbecamelesstalkativeashegotolder.

C.Sherealizedthatherdaddidn'tknoweverything.

D.Shefeltthatsheneededlesshelpfromherfather.

57.Whatdidtheauthorfindwhilelivingwithherparentsthispastsummer?

A.Herfatherwasquitetalkative.

B.Herfatherwaskeenonmakingthingsbyhimself.

C.Shedidn'tknowasmuchaboutherfatherasshehadthought.

D.Shedidn'tnoticeherfatherwasagedandneededherassistance.

58.Whydidtheauthorcallherdadaftershemovedbackintoherrenovatedhouse?

A.Tolearnmoreaboutherfather'spastexperiences.

B.Tocatchupandtrytohaveanormalconversation.

C.Toaskforhelpwithmorehouseholdrepairingtips.

D.Tothankhimfbrlettingherandherfamilystaywithhim.

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.DIYwithmydad:Learningtobeindependent

Fromfixingtoiletstobuildingbulkheads:Changingmylifestyle

C.Reconnectingwithmyfather:Alessoninaskingtherightquestions

Lessonsinself-sufficiency:HowGooglereplacedmydad'sknowledge

(B)

Thetenn"seal"isoftenusedtorefertobothsealsandsealions,butthereareseveralcharacteristicsthatsetsealsand

sealionsapart.

SealsandsealionsarebothintheorderCarnivoraandsuborderPinnipedia,thustheyarecalled“pinnipeds."Pinnipeds

aremammalsthatarewell-adaptedforswimming.Theyusuallyhaveastreamlinedbarrelshape(桶形)andfourflippersat

theendofeachlimb(四肢).Theyalsogivebirthtoliveyoungandnursetheiryoung.Pinnipedsareprotectedbyathick

layeroffatundertheirskinandfurtokeepthemwarminwater.Therearethreefamiliesofpinnipeds:thePhocidae,the

earlessortrueseals;theOtariidae,theearedseals,andtheOdobenidae,thewalruses.

CharacteristicsofPhocidae(EarlessorTrueSeals)

Earlesssealshavenovisibleearflaps,althoughtheystillhaveears,whichmaybevisibleasadarkspotorsmallhole

onthesideoftheirhead.

4tTrue^^seals:

Havenoexternalearflaps.

Swimwiththeirhindflippers.Theirhindflippersalwaysfacebackwardandarefurred.

Havefrontflippersthatareshort,furryandthickinappearance.

Canbefoundinbothmarineandfreshwaterenvironments.

CharacteristicsofOtariidae(EaredSeals,IncludingFurSealsandSeaLions)

Oneofthemostnoticeablefeaturesofearedsealsistheirears,buttheyalsomovearounddifferentlythantrueseals.

frontfSppers

Earedseals:

Haveexternalearflaps.

Areonlyfoundinmarineenvironments.

Swimwiththeirfrontflippers.Unlikeearlessseals,theirhindflipperscanturnforward,andtheyareabletowalk,

andevenrun,ontheirflippers.The“seals“youmayseeperformingatmarineparksareoftensealions.

Maygatherinlargergroupsthantrueseals.Sealionsaremuchmorevocalthantrueseals,andmakeavarietyof

loud,barkingnoises.

CharacteristicsofWalruses

Wonderingaboutwalruses,andhowtheydifferfromsealsandsealions?Walrusesarepinnipeds,buttheyareinthe

family,Odobenidae.Oneobviousdifferencebetweenwalruses,sealsandsealionsisthatwalrusesaretheonlypinnipeds

withtusks-apairoflongpointedteeth.Thesetusksarepresentinbothmalesandfemales.

Otherthantusks,walruseshavesomesimilaritiestobothsealsandsealions.Liketrueseals,walrusesdon'thave

visibleearflaps.But,likeearedseals,walrusescanwalkontheirflippersbyrotatingtheirhindflippersundertheirbody.

60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpinnipedsistrue?

A.Pinnipedsaregoodswimmers.

B.Pinnipedsareafraidofcoldweather.

C.PinnipedsareofthePhocidaefamily.

D.Sealsandsealionsarepinnipeds,whilewalrusesarenot.

61.Onewaytodistinguishasealionandatruesealisthat.

A.thesealioncannotplayballB.thetruesealcannothearwell

C.thesealiondoesn'thaveearflapsD.thetruesealcan'twalkwithhindflippers

62.Whichofthefollowingpicturebestillustratesawalrus?

（C）

Thecurbci”（下斜路缘）.It'saconveniencethatmostofusrarely,ifever,notice.Yet,withoutit,dailylifemightbea

lotharder-inmorewaysthanone.Pushingababystrollerontothecurb,skateboardingontoasidewalkortakingafull

grocerycartfromthesidewalktoyourcar-allthesetasksareeasierbecauseofthecurbcut.

Butitwascreatedwithadifferentpurposeinmind.

It'shardtoimaginetoday,butbackinthe1970s,mostsidewalksintheUnitedStatesendedwithasharpdrop-off.That

wasabigdealforpeopleinwheelchairsbecausetherewerenoramps（斜坡）tohelpthemmovealongcityblockswithout

assistance.Accordingtoonedisabilityrightsleader,asix-inchcurb“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”.So,

activistsfromBerkeley,California,whoalsoneededwheelchairs,organizedacampaigntocreatetinyrampsatintersections

tohelppeopledependentonwheelsmoveupanddowncurbsindependently.

Ithinkaboutthe“curbcuteffect“alotwhenworkingonissuesaroundhealthequity（公平）.ThefirsttimeIevenheard

aboutthecurbcutwasina2017StanfordSocialInnovationReviewpiecebyPolicyLinkCEOAngelaBlackwell.Blackwell

rightlynotedthatmanypeopleseeequity“asazero-sumgame.,,Basically,thatthereisa^prejudicedsocietalsuspicionthat

intentionallysupportingonegrouphurtsanother.^^Whatthecurbcuteffectshowsthough,Blackwellsaid,isthat“when

societycreatesthecircumstancesthatallowthosewhohavebeenleftbehindtoparticipateandcontributefully,everyone

wins.”

Therearemultipleexamplesofthisprincipleatwork.Forexample,investinginpoliciesthatcreatemoreliving-wage

jobsorincreasetheavailabilityofaffordablehousingcertainlybenefitspeopleincommunitiesthathavelimitedoptions.

But,theactionalsoempowersthosepeoplewithopportunitiesforbetterhealthandthemeanstobecomecontributing

membersofsociety一andthatbenefitseveryone.Eventhefootballhuddle（围成一团以秘密商讨）wasinitiallycreatedto

helpdeaffootballplayersatGallaudetCollegekeeptheirgameplanssecretfromopponentswhocouldhavereadtheirsign

language.Today,it'susedbyeveryteamtoshieldtheopponentfromlearningaboutgame-winningstrategies.

So,nexttimeyoucrossthestreet,orrollyoursuitcasethroughacrosswalkorrideyourbikedirectlyontoa

sidewalk-thinkabouthowmuchthecurbcut,thatchangeindesignthatbrokedownwallsofexclusionforonegroupof

peopleatadisadvantage,hashelpednotjustthatgroup,butallofus.

63.By“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”（paragraph3）,thedisabilityrightsleaderimpliesthatasix-inchcurb

maybecome.

A.asfamousastheworld'shighestmountain

B.analmostimpassablebarrier

C.aconnectionbetweenpeople

D.amostunforgettablematter

64.AccordingtoAngelaBlackwell,manypeoplebelievethat.

A.it'sfairtogivethedisadvantagedmorehelpthanothers

B.it'simpossibletohaveeveryonebetreatedequally

C.ifsnecessarytogoallouttohelpthedisabled

D.it'snotworthwhiletopromotehealthequity

65.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthe“curbcuteffect“principle?

A.Spaceflightdesignsareappliedtolifeonearth.

B.FourgreatinventionsofChinaspreadtothewest.

C.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewworld.

D.Classicliteraturegottranslatedintomanylanguages.

66.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

A.Everydayitemsareoriginallyinventedforpeoplewithdisabilities.

B.Everyoneinasocietyshouldpursuewhatisinhisorherinterest.

C.Adisabilityrightsleaderchangedthelifeofhisfellowmen.

D.Caringfordisadvantagedgroupsmayfinallybenefitall.

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

Doanimalshavefeelings?

Peopleoftenassignfeelingstoanimals.Thatzoopolarbear'svacantstaremustmeanhe'ssad.Theuh-ohexpressiona

dogflashesafterknockingoverthegarbageindicatesshame.Butscientistshaven'tdeterminedwhetherthesehuman-like

expressionsreallymeananything.Afterall,it'sverydifficulttoreadadog'smind.

Scientistsbelievethatcertainbraincellsinhumanscalledspindlecells（棱形细且包）areresponsibleforhumansocial

behaviorandtheinterplaybetweenthoughtsandfeelings.Studieshaverevealedthatchimpanzee,dolphinandwhalebrains

alsopossessspindlecells.67

Evenanimalsthatdon'thavespindlecells,suchasdogs,haveshownbehaviorsthatcansuggestahuman-likesocial

sense.68Scientistsreportthatthisshowsdogsaresensitivetohumansocialcuesandareabletocorrectly

interpretthem.Still,thisonlyprovesthatdogsknowhowtofindfood,notthattheyhavefeelings.

Observationsofapeshavealsorevealedbehaviorthatappearstorepresentvarioushuman-likedesires.Insometests,

chimpanzeesdemonstratewhatlookslikealtruism（利他主义）helpingtheirownkindandevenotherspecieswithoutthe

expectationofareward.

69Inarecentstudy,aBarnardCollegeresearchertesteddogstoseeiftheirguiltylookswerelinkedto

actualbadbehavior.Dogsweretemptedwithatreatandtoldbytheirownersnottoeatit.Thedog'sownersweren'tallowed

toseewhethertheirpetshadeatenthetreatornot,butweretoldeitherthattheydidorthattheydidn't,andwerethen

instructedtoscoldthedogsthatdisobeyed.Theexperimentersnotedthatscoldeddogsshowedaguiltylookwhetherornot

theyhadactuallydonewrong.

70Aguiltylooksuggestsafeelingofguiltinahumanbutnotnecessarilyinadog,accordingtothe

Barnardresearch.Similarly,evenapparentempathy(共情)behaviormightnotactuallymeanthesefeelingsarepresentin

thebrainsofanimals.

A.Althoughtheseareallanimalsthatcanactpeople-like,thepresenceofthesecellsdoesnotmeanthattheanimalshave

feelings.

B.Anyonewhoclaimstoknowwhatanimalsfeeldoesn'thavescienceontheirside.

C.Inrecentexperiments,dogshaveshownthattheyknowtofollowahuman'spointedfingertofindafoodtreat.

D.Manypeoplethinkthatempathyisaspecialemotiononlyhumansshow.

E.Otherexperimentshavecastdoubtthatanimalbehaviorcanreliablysignifyanunderlyingfeeling.

F.Thisillustratesthedifficultyinaccuratelyinterpretinganimalbehaviorasamarkerofhuman-likefeelings.

IV.SummaryWriting

71.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan

60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

DoesRecyclingWorkForPlastic?

Dealingwi