2023年北京西城高三一模英语试题及答案

2023北京西城高三一模

英语

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

Asachildgrowingupinthe1980s,MarleneIrvintookmanytripsto

Joyland,anamusementparkinherhometownofWichita,Kansas.Shegot

excitedthemomentherfamilydroveintoJoyland*sparkinglot."Thecarousel

circlingattheentrancetotheparkwasalwaystheJ_fbrme,nMarlenesaid."I

couldwatchthehorsesfbrhours.”

Joylandcertainlymadea/an2impressiononMarlene,asshegother

“firstrealjobvyearslateratWichita*sChanceManufacturing,thelargest

carousel

makerofamusementparkridesintheworldatthetime.Marlenestartedinthe

fiberglassworkshop,wherethecarouselhorses1frames,alongwithpartsfbrFerriswheels,rollercoasters,andother

rides,werepiecedtogether.She3foundherwaytoChance'sartanddecorationdepartment,becomingoneofthe

leadhorseartists.Then,afterworkingatChancefbrnearlyfifteenyears,Marlenedecidedtostartherownbusiness,

focusingoncarouselrestoration.

Aroundthesametime,Joylandstartedexperiencinga4inattendance.Atlast,totheheartbreakofWichitans

youngandold,Joyland5aftermorethanfiftyyearsofoperation.Localpreservationorganizationspurchasedsome

ofthepark*shistoricalitems,andJoyland*sthirty-sixcarouselhorsesweredonatedtoBotanica,aWichita-owned

botanicalgarden.BotanicaaskedMarleneto6theold,brokenhorses,andsheacceptedthechallenge.

AsMarlenefinishedeachhorse,Botanica7themfbrthepublictosee.Althoughtheylooked8_comparedtotheir

glory（辉煌）daysatJoyland,thankstoMarlene'sartisticefforts,thehorsesimpressedobserversevenmorethan

theyhadbefore.WhennativeWichitanssawthem,theirmost9questionwas:uWillwebeabletoridethem?”

Evenas]_0,theyrememberedridingthehorsesatJoylandwhentheywerekids.

Marlenealwayssmiledandanswered:"They'vebeenwaitingfbryoutocomeback.”

1.A.memoryB.dreamC.highlightD.comfort

2.A.immediateB.lastingC.accurateD.general

3.A.suddenlyB.definitelyC.hesitantlyD.eventually

4.A.declineB.breakC.boostD.return

5.A.wentdownB.felldownC.gotdownD.shutdown

6.A.replaceB.rearrangeC.restoreD.reuse

7.A.displayedB.movedC.protectedD.advertised

8.A.modemB.differentC.attractiveD.unique

9.A.basicB.unexpectedC.commonD.remarkable

10.A.repairmenB.customersC.residentsD.adults

第1页/共11页

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

MynameisBarbaraandIworkatadepartmentstore.IU_(work)therefbroneyearwhenanotherBarbara

joinedthestaff.ThenIchangedmynametagfrom“Barb"to“Barbie”.12mademefeelfunnywashowsmall

kidstalkedaboutme."IsshereallyBarbie?”theyasked.Ichangeditatmyother

job,tooandbeganansweringthephone,uThisisBarbie.HowcanIhelpyou?"The

callershavegottenusedtothatovertime,ninetypercentofJ3,nowrespondwithmyJ

name:"Barbie,canyoutellme...”Pronouncingthatlong"e"soundforcesyourJ

mouthintoasmile,butIhavefoundthesmileisusuallyreturnedvoluntarily.

B

It'ssaidthatfbrtheEnglishman,hishouseishiscastle.However,thisdoesnotmeanthathishouseisabeautiful

palacethatothersL4(invite)tosee.FortheBritish,thehomeisaplacetoprotectoneselffromtheoutsideworld.

It'saprivateplaceinwhichhegoestohideaway]_5thetroublesoflife.TotheAmerican,thehomeisanexpression

of]_6(he).MuchmoneyisoftenspentoneachandeveryroomL7(create)therightufeelvaccordingtothe

person'slifestyle.Therefore,heishappytoshowhishousetoothers.

C

Smokejumpersarefirefighters,trainedtofightfiresinplacesthatfireenginescan*treach.Theytravelinsmall

planesand,]_8(use)aparachute,jumpintoremotewildareastofightfires.Smokejumpershavetorespond

quickly.Whileafireisstillsmall,thepilotj_9_(drop)teammembersintotheareaasneeded.Theirfirstjobmay

betobuildafirelinetostopthefirefromspreading.Waterissentdowntothem.Smokejumpersmustbe20(high)

trained,veryexperiencedandextremelyfit.Theirjobisverydangerous.

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

DearTeachersandParents,

ThisJune,duringFinancialLiteracyMonth,wehavesometoshare.

In2015,afreeonlinefinancialeducationcoursenamedFutureSmartwasintroducedtomiddleschoolstudents,

specificallytargetingthisgroupatatimeintheirliveswhenfinancialhabitstakeholdandgrow.

Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacross

all50states.Morethantwomillionstudentshavecompletedthecourse,withalmosthalfcomingfromlow-to-

moderateincomefamilies.

Butwearen*tstoppingthere.Wepromisetoreachfourmillionmorestudentsbytheendof2025.

Why?Becausethismomentcallsforbraveaction.Neverbeforehavemoneymanagementandinvestment

decisionsbeensoeasytoconductatanytimeorplacethroughtheuseofasmartphone.Itistimetoofferstudents

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morecriticalfinancialliteracyeducationtoencouragethemtomakegoodfinancialdecisionsonadailybasisasthey

maketheirwaythroughacomplexworld.

Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmart

educatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations(模拟)tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandthe

rewardsoflong-termplanning.Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstep

inbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.

Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.

Inthelargeststudyofitskind,supportedbytheMassMutualFoundationandEVERFI,theUniversityof

MassachusettsDonahueInstitute(UMDI)recentlyconcludedthat90%ofstudentssawastatisticallysignificant

andeducationallymeaningfulincreaseinknowledgeaftertakingtheFutureSmartcourse.

Whafsmore,theseresultswereconsistentacrossallstudentdemographicsincludingrace,age,gender,school

year,andsocioeconomicstatus.

Wehavealongwaytogotoreacheverysinglemiddleschoolstudent,butwewelcomethechallenge.Together,

ourteamshavestartedamovementtoprovideequalaccesstofinancialeducation,andweinviteotherstojoinus.

VisittolearnmoreandseehowyoucanbringFutureSmarttotheyoungpeopleinyourlife.

MICHAELFANNINGRAYMARTINEZ

HeadofMassMutualUSPresidentandCo-FounderofEVERFI

21.ThecourseFutureSmart.

A.isofferedintwodifferentlanguages

B.requiresskillfulsmartphoneoperation

C.hasbeenboughtbyalargenumberofschools

D.targetsstudentsfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies

22.HowdoesFutureSmartintroducefinancialconcepts?

A.Byestablishingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.

B.Bymanagingopportunitiesandrewards.

C.Bysimulatingreal-lifesituations.

D.Bydelayingfinancialgain.

23.Aftertakingthecourse,thestudentsshouldbeableto__.

A.improvetheiracademicperformance

B.acceptfinancialchallengesatanytime

C.understandpeoplefromvariousbackgrounds

D.buildastablefinancialfoundationforthefuture

B

Iwassittinginachemistrylabclassduringmyfirstyearofuniversity,nervousabouttheexperimentwewere

toperform.Igrabbedapipette(吸液管)and,asIfeared,myhandstartedtoshake.Theexperiencewas

disheartening:Iwashopingtopursueacareerinscience,butIstartedtowonderwhetherthatwouldbepossible.I

thoughtmydreamshadcrashedtotheground.

Iwasaboybornwithbraindamage.Myfamilymanagedtofindgooddoctorswherewelived,inLeningrad

(nowSt.Petersburg),Russia,andItookpartinclinicaltrialstestingnewtreatments.Shortlyaftermyfirstbirthday,

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Istartedwalkinganditbecameclearmyintelligencefunctionwasunaffected.So,insomesense,Iwaslucky.Still,

Icouldn*tdosomethingsgrowingup.Bothhandsshook,especiallywhenIwasnervousorembarrassed.Myleft

handwasmuchworsethanmyright,soIlearnedtowriteanddosimpletaskswithmyrighthand,butitwasn*teasy

todoanythingprecisely.

Asateenager,Ifacedalotofbullyingatschool.Feelingalone,Ijoinedastudygroupcalled“Thenatural

world”.Ithoughtthatgettingintotheworldofanimalswouldkeepmeawayfrompeople.That'showIcameinto

thefieldofbiology.Atuniversity,Ienjoyedthelecturesinmyscienceclasses.Manylabtasksprovedimpossible,

however.AsIstruggledwithmymood,1readabookaboutdepression.Fromthenon,thephysiologyofmental

disordersbecamemyscientificpassion.Ilookedintowhatwasbeingdonelocallyandwasexcitedtodiscoveralab

thatdidbehavioralexperimentsinratstostudydepression.

Attheendofmysecondyear,IapproachedtheprofessorofthelabtoseewhetherIcouldworkwithher.Iwas

afraidtoadmitIcouldn'tdosomelabtasks.Tomyreliefshewascompletelysupportive.Shesetmetowork

performingbehavioralexperimentsforothersinthelabwiththehelpofcolleagues.Ilovedthesupportiveatmosphere

andstayedtheretocompletemymaster'sandPh.D.

I'vecometorealizethatmyhandsaren'tthebarrierIthoughttheywere.Bymakinguseofmyabilitiesand

workingaspartofateam,I'vebeenabletofollowmypassions.Evealsorealizedthatthere'smuchmoretobeinga

scientistthanperfbnningthephysicallabor.Imaynotcollectallthedatainmypapers,butI'mfullycapableof

designingexperimentsandinterpretingresults,which,tome,isthemostexcitingpartofscience.

24.Whatwastheauthor'sdream?

A.Toliveanormallife.

B.Tobecomeascientist.

C.Togetamaster'sdegree.

D.Torecoverfromdepression.

25.TheauthorsaidhewasluckyinParagraph2because_.

A.hedidn*tlosethefunctionofbothhands

B.helearnedhowtowalkattheageofone

C.hisfamilycouldaffordtoseegooddoctors

D.hisbraindamagedidn'taffecthisintellectualcapacity

26.Fromthepassage,itisclearthat.

A.theauthor'sowndepressioninspiredhimtohelpotherswithmentaldisorders

B.theauthorwassurroundedbyateamwhourgedhimtofurtherhisstudy

C.theauthor'slonelinessmovedhimtowardstheworldofbiology

D.theauthorfinallyfinishedthelabtasksonhisown

27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoexpress?

A.Lovingyourselfmakesadifference.

B.Opportunityfollowspreparedpeople.

C.Abrightfuturebeginswithasmalldream.

D.Thesunsomehowshinesthroughthestorm.

C

Imagineasimplebloodtestthatcouldflagmostkindsofcancersattheearliest,mostcurablestage.Liquid

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biopsiescould,intheory,detectatumor（肿瘤）wellbeforeitcouldbefoundbytouch,symptomsorimaging.

Bloodtestscouldavoidtheneedforsurgeonstocuttissuesamplesandmakeitpossibletorevealcancerhidingin

placesneedlesandscalpelscannotsafelyreach.Theycouldalsodeterminewhattypeofcanceristakingroottohelp

doctorsdecidewhattreatmentmightworkbesttodestroyit.

Liquidbiopsiesarenotyetinhand,becauseitishardtofinddefinitivecancersignalsinatubeofblood,but

progressinrecentyearshasbeenimpressive.LastyearthejournalSciencepublishedthefirstbigprospectivestudy

ofaliquidbiopsyforDNAandproteinsfrommultipletypesofcancers.Thoughfarfromperfect,thebloodtestcalled

CancerSEEKfound26tumorsthathadnotbeendiscoveredwithconventionalscreenings.

LiquidbiopsiescanrelyonavarietyofbiomarkersinadditiontotumorDNAandproteins,suchasfree-floating

cancercellsthemselves.Butwhatmakesthesearchdifficult,AnaRobles,acancerbiologistoftheNationalCancer

Institute,explains,isthat“ifyouhaveanearly-stagecancerorcertaintypesofcancer,theremightnotbealotof

tumorDNA,“andtestsmightmissit.Theidealbloodtestwillbebothveryspecificandverysensitivesothateven

tinytumorscanbefound.Totacklethischallenge,CancerSEEKlooksfbrcancer-specificmutations（突变）on16

genes,andforeightproteinsthatarelinkedtocancerandfbrwhichtherearehighlysensitivetests.

Simpledetectionisnottheonlygoal.Anidealliquidbiopsywillalsodeterminethelikelylocationofthecancer

sothatitcanbetreated.uMutationsareoftensharedamongdifferentkindsofcancer,soifyoufindtheminblood,

youdon*tknowifthatmutationiscomingfromastomachcancerorlungcancer,“saysAnirbanMaitra,acancer

scientistattheAndersonCancerCenter.Tosolvethatproblem,somenewerliquidbiopsieslookfbrchangesingene

expression.Suchchanges,Maitranotes,are“moreorgan-specific.

Onthenearerhorizonareliquidbiopsiestohelppeoplealreadydiagnosedwithcancer.Lastyearthegovernment

approvedthefirsttwosuchtests,whichscanfbrtumorDNAsodoctorscanselectmutation-targeteddrugs.Scientists

areworkingonbloodteststodetectthefirstsignsofcancerrecurrence（复发）inpatientswhohavecompleted

treatment.Thisworkismovingfast,butdoesitsavelives?

ThatisthequestioncompaniessuchasThriveandGrailmustanswerfbrtheirbroadlyambitiousscreeningtests.

“Thesecompanieshavetoprovethattheycandetectearlycancerand,moreimportant,thattheearlydetectioncan

haveanimpactoncancersurvival,“Maitraobserves.

28.Accordingtothepassage,liquidbiopsiesareexpectedto_.

A.flagcanceranddeterminethetreatment

B.detectcancersignalsfromasampleofblood

C.takeimagesoftumorsandpreventpotentialcancers

D.showtypesofcancerbymeasuringtheamountofproteins

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Signsofcancerrecurrencearenotdetectable.

B.Differentkindsofcancerhavedifferentgenemutations.

C.BiomarkersaremuchmorereliablethantumorDNAandproteins.

D.Organ-specificcancerswillbeidentifiedthroughchangesingeneexpression.

30.Theauthorismostlyconcernedaboutwhether

A.liquidbiopsiescandiscovertumorsconventionalscreeningscan'tfind

第5页/共11页

B.liquidbiopsiescanimprovetheapplicationofmutation-targeteddrugs

C.liquidbiopsiescanhelpsavethelivesofthosewithcancer

D.liquidbiopsiescanbedevelopedforcancerprevention

D

Technologyseemsto.discourageslow,immersivereading.Readingonascreen,particularlyaphonescreen,

tiresyoureyesandmakesitharderforyoutokeepyourplace.Soonlinewritingtendstobemoreskimmableand

list-likethanprint.ThecognitiveneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedrecentlythatthis“newnorm“ofskimreading

isproducing“aninvisible,game-changingtransformation"inhowreadersprocesswords.Theneuronalcircuitthat

sustainsthebrain*scapacitytoreadnowfavorstherapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedby

deeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.

Weshouldn*toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaschildrenaswelearnto

readmoreskillfully.Fromabouttheageofnine,oureyesstarttobouncearoundthepage,readingonlyabouta

quarterofthewordsproperly,andfillinginthegapsbyinference.Noristhereanythingnewinthesefearsabout

decliningattentionspans（持续时1间）.Sofar,theanxietieshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.uQuiteafewcritics

havebeenworriedaboutattentionspanlatelyandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,“theAmerican

authorSelvinBrownwrote."Nooneeversaidthatpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.n

AndyettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.Forastart,itmeansthatthereismoretoread,

becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Ifyoutimetravelledjustafewdecadesintothepast,youwouldwonder

athowlittlewritingwashappeningoutsideaclassroom.Anddigitalwritingismeantforrapidreleaseandresponse.

Anonlinearticlestartsformingacommentstringunderneathassoonasitispublished.Thismodeofwritingand

readingcanbeinteractiveandfun.Butoftenittreatsotherpeople7swordsassomethingtobequicklyharvestedas

fodder（素材）tosaysomethingelse.Everyonetalksoverthetopofeveryoneelse,desperatetobeheard.

Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasocialgoodandsourceofpersonal

achievement.Butthisadvocacyoftenemphasizesuenthusiasticv,“passionate"or"eager“reading,noneof

whichadjectivessuggestslow,quietabsorption.

Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfinthewordsandtheir

slowcomprehensionofalineofthought.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpool

lapshehasdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.

Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistootenaciousforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoften

assumethattechnologicalchangecan'tbestoppedandhappensinonedirection,sothatoldermedialikeudead-treev

booksarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.The

Kindlehasnotkilledofftheprintedbookanymorethanthecarkilledoffthebicycle.Westillwanttoenjoyslowly-

fbrmedideasandcarefully-chosenwords.Eveninafast-movingage,thereistimeforslowreading.

31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsSelvinBrown'sopinion?

A.Favorable.

B.Critical.

C.Doubtful.

D.Objective.

32.Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat

第6页/共11页

A.advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreading

B.digitalwritingleadstotoomuchspeakingandnotenoughreflection

C.thepublicshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonneuronalcircuits

D.thenumberofInternetreadersisdecliningduetotheadvancesoftechnology

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tenacious“inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Comprehensive.

B.Complicated.

C.Determined.

D.Apparent.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SlowReadingIsHeretoStay

B.DigitalTechnologyPreventsSlowReading

C.Screenvs.Print:WhichRequiresDeepReading?

D.ReadingIsNotaRace:TheWonderofDeepReading

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Adultsareoftenembarrassedaboutaskingforaid.It*sanactthatcanmakepeoplefeelemotionallyunsafe.35

Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourincompetence.

Newresearchsuggestsyoungchildrendon*tseekhelpinschool,evenwhentheyneedit,forthesamereason.

Untilrecently,psychologistsassumedthatchildrendidnotstarttocareabouttheirreputationandtheirfriends'

thoughtsaboutthemuntilaroundagenine.

Butourresearchsuggeststhatasearlyasageseven,childrenbegintoconnectaskingforhelpwithlooking

incompetentinfrontofothers.Atsomepoint,everychildstrugglesintheclassroom.36

Tolearnmoreabouthowchildrenthinkaboutreputation,wecreatedsimplestoriesandthenaskedchildren

questionsaboutthesesituationstoallowkidstoshowcasetheirthinking.

Acrossseveralstudies,weasked576children,agesfourtonine,topredictthebehavioroftwokidsinastory.

Oneofthecharactersgenuinelywantedtobesmart,andtheothermerelywantedtoseemsmarttoothers.Inone

study,wetoldchildrenthatbothkidsdidpoorlyonatest.37Thefour-year-oldswereequallylikelytochooseeither

ofthetwokidsastheonewhowouldseekhelp.Butbyagesevenoreight,childrenthoughtthatthekidwhowanted

toseemsmartwouldbelesslikelytoaskforassistance.Andchildren'sexpectationsweretrulyureputationalvin

nature-theywerespecificallythinkingabouthowthecharacterswouldactinfrontofothers.Whenassistancecould

besoughtprivately(onacomputerratherthaninperson),childrenthoughtbothcharacterswereequallylikelyto

askforit.

38Teacherscouldgivechildrenmoreopportunitiestoseekassistanceprivately.Theyshouldalsohelpstudents

realizeaskingquestionsinfrontofothersasnonnal,positivebehavior.

39Parentscouldpointouthowachild'squestionkickedoffavaluableconversationinwhichtheentirefamily

gottotalkandlearntogether.Adultscouldpraisekidsforseekingassistance.Theseresponsessendastrongsignal

thatotherpeoplevalueawillingnesstoaskforaidandthatseekinghelpispartofapathtosuccess.

第7页/共11页

A.Kidscouldbeafraidtoasktheirparentsforhelp.

B.Seekinghelpcouldevenbetaughtassociallydesirable.

C.Inanotherstudywetoldthemthatonlyonekiddidpoorly.

D.Suchreputationalbarrierslikelyrequirereputation-basedsolutions.

E.Themomentyouaskfordirections,afterall,yourevealthatyouarelost.

F.Butiftheyareafraidtoaskforhelpbecausetheirclassmatesarewatching,learningwillsuffer.

G.Wethenaskedwhichofthesecharacterswouldbemorelikelytoraisetheirhandinfrontoftheirclasstoask

theteacherforhelp.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

InMartinCounty,Florida,twonon-profitorganizationshavecometogethertoplantseedsofhopethrough

communitygardening.Recently,theHouseofHopecharityforthehomelessandpeoplewithaddictionsandother

mentalhealthissuespartneredwithProjectL.I.F.T.,anorganizationthathelpsat-riskteens,togrowcommunity

gardensinfoursmalltownsacrossthecounty.

TheteensinProjectL.I.F.T.fsprogram-manyofthemaged14-19whoarealsostrugglingwithaddictions,

managingmentalhealthorlegalissues-visitthegardenseverydayafterschoolwheretheygrowseeds,maintainand

waterplants,harvesttheproduceandlearntocreatetheirownmeals.Theytakesomeoftheproducehometotheir

familiesbutmostissenttoHouseofHopeforthehomelesscommunity.

Beyondtheneedforfood,ProjectL.I.F.T.hopedthegardenswouldprovideaneducationalopportunityfbr

theirteens.

“We'retryingtoteachkidsnutritiontodealwiththehealthproblems-diabetesandobesity-inourcommunity,

butwhenwegetintothegarden,nowthey'redoinghands-onstuffthatreallyconnects.BobZaccheo,theexecutive

directorofProjectL.I.F.T.tellsGuideposts.org.

Thegardensalsooffertheteensprofessionalskillsthatcanhelpthemfindworklaterintheirlargelyruralcounty.

Beyondskills,thisprojecthashelped