2023丰台高三一模英语（教师版）

2023北京丰台高三一模

英语

2023.03

本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考

试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

笔试（共三部分100分）

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedinitthateveryone1hispassion

forsports.Healsodevelopeda2attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.Whateverhe

desires,heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.

“Mom,Iwantasocceruniform/hebeggedhismother.

“OK,"saidhismother,“butyouneedtohave3n.

Thedayspassedby,buthegotno4fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.However,

Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowtoachieveitasearlyaspossible.Asparklingidea

struckhismind.Hecould5oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded（责备）？Though

anxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.

HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheT-shirt.Healso

took6toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit,Itwasaremarkablepieceofwork.

“Jerry!Whatareyoudoing?”hismothersuddenlyappeared.

u\maynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,IthoughtMHewas_7

tofacehismother.Butoutofhisexpectation,hismother8himforhisworkignoringthemistake.She

didnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.

"It'sOK,"saidMom.

Ifwehadfulf川edyoureverywant,yourinborn9wouldhavebeenhidden.Youwouldn'thave

thoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.Thataddstoyour10toachieveyourgoal,“she

said.

“Thankyou,Mom.”Heranplayfully.

1.A.controlledB.sensedC.supportedD.expected

2.A.thirstyB.realisticC.cautiousD.selfish

3.A.confidenceB.motivationC.inspirationD.patience

4.A.decisionB.responseC.judgmentD.recognition

5.A.purchaseB.exchangeC.paintD.sew

6.A.interestB.energyC.courageD.care

7.A.eagerB.surprisedC.afraidD.relieved

8.A.appreciatedB.blamedC.rewardedD.thanked

9.A.tasteB.fondnessC.talentD.fear

10.A.willpowerB.honestyC.responsibilityD.tolerance

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

WangwasbornandgrewupinAmerica,butshe11(build)solidtieswithChineseculturesince

shewasalittlegirl.Sheisnowridinganewtrend:mixingandmatchingmodernclotheswith

traditionalHandress,orhanfu.Shehasbeenpostingvideosof12(she)dressedinhanfuonthe

Internet,whichhasattractedmanyfansonChineselifestyle.MIlovehanfu.I'vemademanyvideos,13

(aim)tohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutit,“WangtoldBeijingReview.

B

EngineersinventedanewdevicetoproducesolarelectricityatnightSolarpanelstransform

sunlightintoenergy,sothey14(traditional)workonlyduringdaylighthours.Thisdevice,however,15

(use)athermometricgenerator,whichcreatesenergy,fromdifferencesintemperature.Inthiscase,

cooleveningairisaslightlydifferenttemperaturethanthesolarcellinthepanel.Thatbecomes

energy16istransformedintoelectricity.Thedevicecouldbehelpfulinareas17(locate)farfroma

powergrid(电网).

C

Astudyshowedhowmuchdogslovetheirowners.Intheexperiment,theresearchersfirst

measuredhowmanytears18(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathomewith

theirowners.Theteamthenrepeatedtheexperiment)thistime/withdogsthatwerereunitedwith

theirowners19beingapartforfivehours.Theresultsshoweddogsonlyshedtearsduringthe

reunions.Theteamnowwantstofindout20dogshaveasimilaremotionalresponsewhenreunited

withotherdogs.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题，每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Givealittlesunshine!

TheCouncilonAging(COA)runsatelephonefriendshipprojectcalledtheSunshineCallProgram,

matchingover-60swithafriendlyvolunteerforadailychatoverthephone.Theaimissimple--to

helpeasethelonelinessandrepairsocialnetworks..

Sheila,77,aretiredteacher,livedalone.ShehasbeenreceivingcallsfromRianne,a

volunteer,forovertwomonths.

“TalkingtoRianneissomethingIreallylookforwardto-abreathoffreshair.We

talkabouteverything-theatre,herwork,booksweveread...Listeningtosomeoneelse's

lifeenriches.20ILandgivesyousomethingpositivetofocuson.”

“Atthebeginning,Ihadnoexpectationofhowthephonecallswouldgo,butit's

wonderfulthatit'sledtoagenuine,friendshipRiannehelpsmealot..”

Areyoureadytoaddalittlesunshinetoasenior'slife?

TheSunshineCallPrograminitiallylinksavolunteerwithanisolate（独居的）seniorforadailycal

Whencomfortablethevolunteerintroducesasecondseniortothecall.Thenanother,untilthereare

fourseniorstoonevolunteeronwhatisessentiallyaconferencecall.Withouthavingtoleavethe

house,youwillhelptheseniorsmeetandmakenewfriends.Theywillthenexchangephonenumbers

tochatontheirownandreducetheirisolation.

Whatarethevolunteerqualifications?

VolunteersmusthaveaccesstotheInternetandbewillingtobetrainedontheuseofachat

app.COAwillprovideallsuppliesrequiredtomakethecalls.Besides,volunteersmustagreeto

participateinmonthlymeetingswithothervolunteersandguestspeakers.Allvolunteersmustbe

willingtoprovidearecentCriminalRecordCheck,thecostofwhichwillbebornebyCOA.Andthe

mostimportantvolunteerqualificationisasenseofcaringandadesiretohelpseniorsinthe

community!

IfyouwishtovolunteerwithourSunshineCallprogram,neverhesitateUustCLICKHEREtofill

outtheapplicationform.

21.WhydoesthepassagementionSheila'sexperience?

A.Toshowherloneliness

B.Toshareasweetmemory.

C.TostressthevalueofCOA.

D.TopraiseRianne'skindness.

22.Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofvolunteersis_.

A.makingweeklycallstoseniors

B.visitingseniorsduringholidays

C.introducingnewfriendstoseniors

D.teachingseniorstousesmartphones

23.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteer,whatareyourequiredtodo?

A.Learntheuseofachatapp..

B.Prepareacomputerbyyourself.

C.Offeraletterofrecommendation.

D.Haverelevantworkingexperience.

24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.ToinformthereadersofCOA.

B.ToinviteseniorstosignupforCOA

C.TointroducevolunteerworkinCOA.

D.ToadvertisefornewvolunteersforCOA.

B

Thiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefrom,herauntinJessie'slifetime.

wlthinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast,"herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthe

table.

Jessielookedfirstattheautograph（签名）.Itseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.There

wasalikenessbetweenheraunt'sautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessand

precision.IfJessiehadbeeneducatedfiftyyearsearlier,shemighthavewrittenhernameinjustthat

manner.

“You'reverylikeherinsomeways,"herfathersaid,asshestillstaredattheautograph.

“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewaslike,dear,"shesaid."How

manyyearsisitsinceyoulastsawher?"

“Morethanforty,Mherfathersaid."Wedisagreed,Weinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealways

pridedherselfonbeingsomodern.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,I

admit"

“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme.”Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedher

head,Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheard

about.Sometimesshehadwonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeena

figment（虚构）ofherfathersimagination.

Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter/Therewas

somethingofintoleranceexpressedinitstone.Itwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldher

Mr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.

“Yes,yes;shewantstoseeyou,mydear,Mhesaid.MI'veheardshehassetupaschooland

helpedmanyyoungsters...Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtosaywithher.Ifshetooka

fancytoyou,youcouldgetabettereducation..."

Hesighedagain,andJessieknewtatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpast

weakness...

25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?

A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.

B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.

C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.

D.Itwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.

26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas_.

A.eagertomeetheraunt

B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation

C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily

D.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninterestinher

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Jessie'sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.

B.Jessie'saunt'spersonalityseemedtochangealot.

C.Jessie'sandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.

D.Jessie'sfatherfeltsorryforwhathehaddone.

C

Manypeoplewouldanswerthequestionofwhatmakesushumanbyinsistingthatweare

culturalbeings.Thereisnodoubtthatweare.Butonedefinitionofcultureisthetotalityoftraditions

acquiredinacommunitybysociallearningfromotherindividuals,andmanyanimalspecieshave

traditions.Canwethensaythatsomeanimalsareculturalbeingstoo?

Oneapproachtostudycultureinanimalsistheso-calledMethodofExclusion（排除）,inwhich

scientistsinvestigatebehavioralvariationsacrosspopulationsofonespecies.Inafamousstudy,

scientistslearnedthatchimpanzee（黑猩猩）behaviorsweresociallypassedon）astheywerepresent

atsomesitesbutnotatothers,despitehavingsame/ecologicalsettings.Forexample,chimpanzeesin

TaiNationalParkinIvoryCoastarewell-knowfortheirnut-crackingskills.ChimpanzeesinGombe

NationalParkinTanzania,ontheotherhand,donotcracknuts,althoughnutsexistintheir

environmenttoo.

However,whenapplyingtheMethodofExclusion,onehastobeverycareful.Thereareother

factorsthatcouldalsoexplainthepatternofbehavioralvariation.Forexample,someofthe

chimpanzeetechniquesscientistsevaluatedoccurinonlyoneofthethreesubspecies.Soit'squite

possiblethatthesebehaviorsalsohaveaninnatecomponent.Thiswouldmeanthatonechimpanzee

subspeciesusesanewtechniquenotoutofculturaltradition,butbecausethebehaviorisfixedto

specificgenes.AnotherfactorthathastobeexcludedisofcoursetheenvirotmentChimpanzeesin

Mahaledonotfishalgae（水藻）,simplybecausealgaedoesnotexistthere.

Butwhenweexcludeallthevariationsthatcanbeexplainedbygenesorenvironment,westill

findthatanimalsdoshowculturalvariations.Doesthatmeanthereisnorealdifferencebetween

themandusafterall?Notexactly.Thereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenhumanandanimal

culture.Onlyhumanscanbuildculturallyonwhatgenerationsbeforeushavelearned.Thisiscalled”

cumulativeculture".Wedon'thavetokeepreinventingthewheel.Thisiscalledthe“ratchet（棘轮）

effectM.Likearatchetthatcanbeturnedforwardbutnotback,people'sculturaltechniquesevolve.

Itislikelythatbehaviorsweseetodayinchimpanzeeculturescouldbeinventedoverandover

againbyindividualanimalsthemselves.Incontrast,achildborntodaywouldnotbeabletoinventa

computerwithouttheknowledgeofmanypastgenerations.

28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthechimpanzeesintwoparksinParagraph2?

A.Toprovethatculturedoesexistinanimals.

B.Tojustifytheuniquenessoftheresearchmethod.

C.Tocomparehowchimpanzeesbehaveindifferentparks.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentinstudyingculture.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"innate11inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Advanced.

B.Inborn.

C.Adaptive.

D.Intelligent

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Cumulativecultureiswhatsetshumansapartfromanimals.

B.Cultureinanimalsisasworthytobevaluedashumanculture.

C.Animalsdon'thavetheabilitytoinventbehaviorsinacommunity.

D.The"ratcheteffect"decidesifhumanscanbuildonpastexperiences.

D

WhenElinorLobelwas16,a"smart“insulin（胰岛素）pumpwasattachedtoherbody.Powered

byAl,ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimetokeep

herhealthy.ItisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAlcanhelpimprovelives.

Booksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentiful.Theygenerallysuggestthereismuchmore

tofearthanfeteinthealgorithmic（算法的）age.

Buttheintellectualtidemaybeturning.Oneofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamore

balancedviewisElinorLobel'smother,Orly,alawprofessor.InTheEqualityMachineshe

acknowledgesAl'scapacitytoproduceharmfulresults.Butsheshowshow.intherighthands,itcan

alsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.

AprincipleofprivacyrulesisuminimizationM:collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,

especiallyinareassuchasraceandRender.MsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,payand

thelegalsystem,knowingsuchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.

MsLobel'scalltousemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacyorthodoxy（正

统观念）.Butsheinsiststhat"trackingdifferenceiskeytodetectingunfairness."Sheadvocatesa

looseningofprivacyrulestoprovidemoretransparency（透明）overalgorithmicdecisions.

Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae（公式）aretackledindepthinEscapefromModelLandey

EricaThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.Thesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneofbigdata

andALYetaperfectmodelwillalwaysbebeyondreach.MAllmodelsarewrong,"runsawisesaying.

“Someareuseful.”

MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothEffect.Inthebetterknown

ButterflyEffect,aserviceablemodel,inthepredictionofclimatechange,becomeslessreliableover

timebecauseofthecomplexityofwhatitissimulating（模拟），orbecauseofinaccuraciesinthe

originaldata.IntheHawkmothEffect,bycontrast,themodelitselfisflawed;itmightfailtotakefull

accountoftheinterplaybetweenhumidity,windandtemperature.

Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,notmerelyrefine

theirformulae-inotherwords,toescapefrommodelland."Wedonotneedtohavethebest

possibleanswer,Mshewrites,Monlyareasonableone."

Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Both

recognizethatmakingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,whetherinlaworcoding.AsMsLobel

putsit:"It'salwaysbettertolightacandlethantocursethedarkness/

31.MsLobelintendstoconveythat_.

A.minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogoby

B.algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacy

C.employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouraged

D.identifyingalgorithms'problemsleadstobetteroutcomes

32.Whatcanwelearnabout“HawkmothEffect"?

A.ItdevelopsfromButterflyEffect.

B.Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.

C.Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.

D.Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbefaulty.

33.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?

A.Usingalgorithmstodetectdifferencesishard.

B.Theapplicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.

C.Thereliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.

D.Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheAlgorithm'sProspect

B.TheAlgorithmsMercy

C.TheAlgorithm'sComplexity

D.TheAlgorithm'sRecognition

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Expressivewritingorjournalingisonewaytohelpyouhealfromtrauma（创伤）35.Itcanhelpyou

processwhatyou'vebeenthroughandassistyouasyouenvisionapathforward.

Whydocsawritinginterventionwork?36.Infact,narratingthestoryofanongoinganxiety”

freesup“cognitiveresources.Whenyouwritedowntheemotionsassociatedwithatraumatic

experience,youmaybechangingthewayitisorganizedinthebrain.Youarethenabletodetach

fromtheemotion,makingiteasierforyoutotalkaboutandprocesstheevent.

However,formostpeople,thethoughtofacknowledgingemotionsandadmittingthatthere's

somethingwrongwithusisdifficultThisisbecauseexpressingemotionscanbringupfeelingsofguilt

andshame.37.Thatiswhatsetsjournalingapart.Thisisbetweenyouandyourjournal-youdon't

havetoshareitwithanyoneunless,ofcourse,youchooseto.

Ifyou'reinterestedintryingoutwritingasatoolforhealing,startyourwritingbysettingatimer

fortenminutes.38.Thinkofoneobjectinyourhomethatsignifiesamomentforyou.Seeitinfull

color.FeeltheweightofitUseallyoursenses.Now,writeaboutthatobjectandseehowlargeits

meaningcanbecome.

39Howyouhealfromtraumacanbedifferentfrompersontopersonaswell.Italldependson

whatworksbestforyou.Remember,onesizedoesnotfitall.Writingmaynotworkforeveryone,but

youwon'tknowifyoudon'ttry.

A.Despitethat,expressivewritingremainsanaccessibletool,

BOfcourse,expressivewritingishardlyapanacea（灵丹妙药）.

C.Also,seekinghelpforemotionalstressisoftenseenasasignofweakness.

D.Itmayseemabnormalthatwritingaboutnegativeexperienceshasapositiveeffect.

E.Onceyouhaveabetterhandleoyourproblems,youcanmoveforwardandgetonwithlife.

F.Itiswritingfromyourheartandmindandabouttheemotionassociatedwithacertainevent.

G.Letyourmindgotothedetailed,specificmomentstogettothefeelingsandtruthofyour

experience.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Ifyou'vespentanytimeonsocialmediasites,you'veprobablynoticedit:parentssharenews,

photos,andotherinformationabouttheirchildren.Thisphenomenoniscalled“sharenting”,a

combinationofthewordsKsharingMand“parenting”.

Muchoftheresearchonsharentingfocusesonwhyparentschoosetoshareonline.Studies

foundthatforparentsofinfants（婴JL）,sharentingcanhelpeasethesocialisolationthatcomeswith

thisperiodintheirchildren'slives.Parentsofteenagersalsoshareinformationabouttheirkidson

socialmedia.Researchhasshowntheirmotivationsincludecommunicatingtheirprideintheir

children'saccomplishmentsandinformingfriendsandfamilyabouttheirkids'lives.

However,whenparentspostabouttheirchildrenonsocialmediawithhighfrequency,the

phenomenonofwoversharentingMoccurs,whichcanbeagreatcauseforconcern.Forexample,if

parentssharetoomuchinformationthattheirchildrendon'twantdisclosed,itmayleadthemtowith

oldinformationabouttheirlivesfromtheirparentssotheycanbettercontrolwhatcanandcan'tbe

postedaboutthem.

Additionally,thecutephotosorfunnyobservationsparentsshareonlineabouttheirchildren

couldbecomeaproblemwhentheirkidsgetolder.Inparticular,collegesandemployersare

increasinglycheckingapplicants'onlineactivity,andasaresult,informationpostedbyparentscould

becomeasourceofembarrassmentoraffectapotentialcollege'soremployer'sassessmentoftheir

child.

Sharinginformationhasneverbeenfasterthaninthedigitalage.Whileitcanbeveryconvenient

topostmilestonesoftheirchildren,it'simportantforparentstoensurethey'reshareningresponsibly.

Afterall,it'snotjustapicture,it'sthechildandtheirdigitalfootprint

40.Accordingtothepassage,whatissharenting?

41.Whydoparentsofinfantschoosetoshareonline?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

>Whenparentsoversharent,theirchild