2023年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.问答题Therearearound200,000youngpeoplebetweentheagesof11and15smokeintheUK.Itis

Aestimatedthataround20%ofthembuytheircigarettesfromvendingmachines;itavoidsthe

B

Cproblemsofface-to-facecontactandtheneedforproofofage.Therewillbeareviewofvendingmachineswiththepossibilityofpeoplehavingtobuytokenstousethemachines.

D2.单选题Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Itenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoversooner.B.Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.C.Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.D.Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.问题2选项A.Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.B.Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.C.Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.D.Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.15.问题3选项A.Fibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.B.Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.C.Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.D.Fibermayhelptoreducehormonesinthebody.3.单选题Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.问题1选项A.areB.soC.wishtobeheardD.speakoutE.没有错误4.单选题（Presumably），thereisagoodreasonforherabsence,asshedoesnotusuallystayawayfromwork.问题1选项A.MaybeB.SurprisinglyC.ThereforeD.Yet5.单选题Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Shecalledontheman.B.Shewenttothebank.C.Shemadeabusinessplan.D.Shepaidhermortgage.问题2选项A.Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.B.Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch.C.Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.D.Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet.问题3选项A.Startherownbusiness.B.Buyapieceofproperty.C.Payadebtlongoverdue.D.Checkhercredithistory.问题4选项A.Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep.B.Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.C.Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.D.Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising.6.单选题Agustofwindblewopenthewindowsand（

）thepapersalloverthefloor.问题1选项A.scatteredB.spitC.splitD.spread7.单选题TheUNSecurityCouncilinvestigatesquarrelsbetweennationsandsuggestswaysofsettlingthem.Ifanynationendangersthepeace,thecouncilmayuseeconomic（sanctions）againstit.问题1选项A.restrictionsB.oppressionsC.reformsD.penalties8.单选题Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Thehistoryofsocialwork.B.Socialworkasaprofession.C.Academicdegreesrequiredofsocialworkapplicants.D.TheaimoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.问题2选项A.Theytrytochangepeople’ssocialbehavior.B.Theyraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironment.C.Theycreatealotofopportunitiesfortheunemployed.D.Theyhelpenhancethewell-beingoftheunderprivileged.21.问题3选项A.Theyhaveallmadeadifferencethroughtheirwork.B.TheyareallmembersoftheNationalAssociation.C.Theyallhaveanacademicdegreeinsocialwork.D.Theyhaveallreceivedstrictclinicaltraining.22.问题4选项A.Socialworks,joboptionsandresponsibilities.B.Waysforsocialworkerstomeetpeople’sneeds.C.Theimportanceoftrainingforsocialworkers.D.Thepromotionofsocialworkers’socialstatus.9.单选题Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.问题1选项A.Featureseditor.B.Magazinereporter.C.Websitedesigner.D.Fashiondesigner.问题2选项A.Designingsportsclothing.B.Answeringdailyemails.C.Consultingfashionexperts.D.Interviewingjob-seekers.问题3选项A.Itisfascinating.B.Itischallenging.C.Itistiresome.D.Itisfashionable.问题4选项A.Herconfidence.B.Herexperience.C.Hercompetence.D.Herpersistence.10.单选题ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo（）themarriage.问题1选项A.terminateB.initiateC.consummateD.separate第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】试题答案：A;smoking

【解析】考查非谓语动词。Therebe句型中已包含谓语动词are，故此处用动词的现在分词形式，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系。2.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D【解析】PassageTwoMostAmericansdon’teatenoughfruits,vegetablesorwholegrains.[13]Researchernowsaysaddingfibertotheteendietmayhelplowertheriskofbreastcancer.Conversationsaboutthebenefitsoffiberareprobablymorecommoninnursinghomesthanhighschools.Butalongcomesanewstudythatcouldchangethat.KristiKing,adietspecialistatTexasChildren’sHospital,findsithardtogetteenagepatients’attentionabouthealthyeating.Buttellingthemthateatinglotsofhigh-fiberfoodscouldreducetheriskofbreastcancerbeforemiddleage.That’sapowerfulmessage.Thenewfindingisbasedonastudyof44,000women.Theyweresurveyedabouttheirdietsduringhighschool,[14]andtheireatinghabitsweretrackedfortwodecades.Itturnsoutthatthosewhoconsumedthehighestlevelsoffiberduringadolescencehadalowerriskofdevelopingbreastcancer,comparedtothewomenwhoatetheleastfiber.Thisimportantstudydemonstratesthatthemorefiberyoueatduringyourhighschoolyears,theloweryourriskisindevelopingbreastcancerinlaterlife.[15]Thefindingpointstolongstandingevidencethatfibermayreducecirculatingfemalehormonelevels,whichcouldexplainthereducedrisk.Thebottomlinehereisthemorefiberyoueat,perhaps,alowerlevelofhormoneinyourbody,andtherefore,alowerlifetimeriskofdevelopingbreastcancer.High-fiberdietsarealsolinkedtoareducedriskofheartdiseaseanddiabetes.That’swhywomenaretoldtoeat25gramsoffiberaday—menevenmore.13.Whatdoesthenewstudytellaboutaddingfibertotheteendiet?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于在青少年饮食中添加纤维，这项新研究告诉了我们什么？录音开头提及，研究人员表示在青少年的膳食中添加纤维食物可能有助于降低患乳腺癌的风险。D选项“它能帮助人们避免患上乳腺癌”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“它使糖尿病患者早日康复”利用diabetes设置干扰，录音中并没有提及相关的信息；B选项“它的健康效益被高估了”和C选项“其长期的影响尚待证明”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。14.Whatdowelearnaboutthesurveyofthe44,000women?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问我们从对44000名女性的调查中了解到什么?录音中提到这项新发现是基于一项对44,000位女性进行的调查。这些女性在中学时期就接受了该调查，而且她们的饮食习惯被持续追踪了20年。因此，A选项“它从青少年时期就开始追踪她们的饮食习惯”正确。B选项“它着重研究她们在纤维摄入量方面与男性的差别”，录音中并没有将男性与女性进行对比，因此不正确；C项“跟踪她们20年来对食品偏好的变化”，录音只是提及追踪她们的饮食习惯，并不是饮食偏好的变化，因此不正确；D选项“它专注于研究她们年轻时的生活方式”在录音中没有信息提及，因此可排除。15.Whatexplanationdoesthespeakerofferfortheresearchfinding?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者对这项研究发现提供了什么解释？录音提到，这一研究发现指向长期存在的证据，即纤维食物可能会降低女性体内的荷尔蒙循环水平，这就可以解释为什么高纤维膳食能让患乳腺癌的风险降低。D选项“纤维可能会帮助降低人体的荷尔蒙水平”与原文内容表述一致，因此正确。A选项“纤维给女性带来的好处比男性要多”；B选项“纤维可改善心肌功能”和C选项“纤维可以使血液循环更加顺畅”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。3.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改为speakup。D处句意应为“大声说”,而speakout表示“公开说出”。4.【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项Maybe“可能”；B选项Surprisingly“出乎意料地”；C选项Therefore“因此”；D选项Yet“但是”。句意：她缺席大概有充分的理由，因为她通常不会不上班的。划线部分Presumably是大概的意思。因此A选项正确。5.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】ConversationTwoM:[5]Howdiditgoatthebankthismorning?W:Notwell,myproposalwasrejected.M:Really,butwhy?W:Bunchofreasons.Forstarters,[6]theysaidmycredithistorywasnotgoodenough.M:Dotheysayhowyoucouldimprovethat?W:Yes,theysaidthatafterfivemoreyearsofpayingmymortgage,thenIwillbecomeamoreviablecandidateforabusinessloan.Butrightnow,it’stooriskyforthemtolendmemoney.TheyfearIwilldefaultonanybusinessloanI’mgiven.M:Well,thatdoesn’tsoundfair.Yourbusinessideaisamazing.Didyoushowthemyourbusinessplan?Whatdidtheysay?W:Theydidn’treallyarticulateanypositionregardingtheactualbusinessplan.Theysimplylookedatmycredithistoryanddetermineditwasnotgoodenough.Theysaidthebankhasstrictguidelinesandrequirementsastowhotheycanlendmoneyto.AndIsimplydon’tmeettheirfinancialthreshold.M:Whatifyouaskforasmalleramount?[8]Maybeyoucouldgathercapitalfromothersources,smallerloansfrommorelenders?W:Youdon’tgetit.Itdoesn’tmatterthesizeoftheloanIaskfororthetypeofbusinessIpropose.That’sallinconsequential.ThefirstthingeverybankwilldoisstudyinghowmuchmoneyIhaveandhowmuchdebtIhavebeforetheydecidewhetherornottolendmeanymoremoney.[7]IfIwanttocontinueaheadwiththisdreamofowningmyownbusiness,Ihavenootherchoicebuttobuildupmyownfinances.Ineedaround20%moreinpersonalsavingsand50%lessdebt.That’sallthereistoit.M:Iseenow.Well,it’sahugepitythattheyrejectedyourrequest,butdon’tlosehope.Istillthinkthatyourideaisgreatandthatyouwillturnitintoaphenomenalsuccess.5.Whatdidthewomandothismorning?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士今天早上做了什么？对话开头，男士就问今天早上去银行怎么样，女士回答说不太好，由此可知，B选项“她去了银行”正确。A选项“她拜访了男士”在录音中未提及；C选项“她制定了一个商业计划”，利用录音中的businessplan设干扰，录音确实提到女士做了商业计划，但未明确商业计划是何时做的，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她付清按揭贷款”，录音中有提到payingmymortgage，但说的是女士还了5年的按揭贷款后，就更有可能申请商业贷款，这只是银行给的建议，并不是女士今天早上做的事情，因此D选项不正确。6.Whywasthewoman’sproposalrejected?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问为什么女士的提议被拒绝了？女士提到提议被拒绝的原因首先是银行说她的信用记录不够好，因此C选项“她的信用记录被认为很差”正确。A选项“她没有及时偿还按揭贷款”在录音中没有提及；B选项“她显然要求太多了”，录音中提到与女士要求的贷款规模或提议的业务类型无关，这都是无关紧要的，由此可知，B选项不正确；D选项“她以前的债务还没还清”，录音中说到女士需要多20%的个人储蓄，少50%的债务，也就是说她被拒绝的原因不仅仅是债务未还清，因此D选项不选。7.Whatisthewomanplanningtodo?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问女士打算做什么？女士提到如果她想实现“拥有自己的公司”这个梦想，别无选择，只能增强自己的财力。由此可知女士是打算“自己开公司”，因此A选项正确。B选项“买一处房产”中的apieceofproperty和C选项“支付拖欠已久的债务”中的longoverdue在录音中均未提及；D选项“检查她的信用记录”也没有信息表明，因此不正确。8.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问男士建议女士做什么？录音中男士建议女士或许可以从其他渠道筹集资金，从更多的贷款人那里获得多笔小额贷款，C选项“向不同的贷款人申请小额贷款”与录音表述一致，因此正确。A选项“逐步增强她自己的财力”利用录音中的buildupmyownfinances作干扰，这是女士自己的打算，并不是男士的建议；B选项“仔细修改她的商业计划书”和D选项“向专家寻求关于筹款的建议”在录音中均未提及。6.【答案】A【解析】考察动词辨析。scatter“使散开，使分散”；spit“吐痰”；split“分裂”；spread“扩散”。句意：一阵风吹开了窗户，纸张散落了一地。选项A符合句意。7.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。sanction表示“制裁，处罚，认可”；A项restriction“限制，约束，束缚”，B项oppression“压抑，镇压，压迫手段”，C项reform“改革，改良，改正”，D项penalty“罚款，罚金，处罚”。句意：联合国安理会负责调查国家间的争端，并提出解决办法；如果任何国家危及和平，安理会可以对其实施经济制裁。因此，根据句意可知D选项正确。8.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】RecordingTwoHi,I’mElizabethHoffler,MasterofSocialWork.I’masocialworker,alobbyistandaspecialassistanttotheExecutiveDirectorattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.[19]Todaywearegoingtobetalkingaboutbecomingasocialworker.Socialworkisthehelpingprofession.[20]Itsprimarymissionistoenhancehumanwell-beingandhelpmeetthebasicneedsofallpeople,withaparticularfocusonthosewhoarevulnerable,oppressed,andlivinginpoverty.Weoftendealwithcomplexhumanneeds.Socialworkisdifferentfromotherprofessions,becausewefocusonthepersonandenvironment.Wedealwiththeexternalfactorsthatimpactaperson’ssituationandoutlook.Andwecreateopportunityforassessmentandinterventiontohelpclientsandcommunitiescopeeffectivelywiththeirrealityandchangethatrealitywhennecessary.Inthousandsofwayssocialworkershelpotherpeople—peoplefromeveryage,everybackground,acrossthecountry.Whereverneeded,socialworkerscometohelp.Themostwell-knownaspectoftheprofessionisthatofasocialsafetynet.Wehelpguidepeopletocriticalresourcesandcounselthemonlife-changingdecisions.Therearemorethansixhundredthousandprofessionalsocialworkersinthecountry,and[21]wealleitherhaveabachelor’sdegree,amaster’sdegree,oraPhDinsocialwork.Therearemoreclinically-trainedsocialworkersthanclinically-trainedpsychiatrists,psychologistsandpsychiatricnursescombined.Throughoutthisseries,youwilllearnmoreabouttheprofession,thenecessarystepstogetasocialworkdegree,therichhistoryofsocialworkandmanywaysthatsocialworkershelpothers.Laterinthisseries,you’llhearfromStacyCollinsandMelWilson,fellowsocialworkersattheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers.Stacyisgoingtowalkyouthroughthestep-by-stepprocessofbecomingasocialworker,and[22]Melwilltellyouabouttherangeofoptionsyouhaveonceyougetyoursocialworkdegree,aswellasthehighstandardsofresponsibilitythatsocialworkersmustadhereto.TheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkersrepresentsnearly145,000socialworkersacrossthecountry.Ourmissionistopromote,protectandadvancethesocialworkprofession.Wehopeyouenjoythisseriesabouthowyoucanmakeadifferencebybecomingasocialworker.Next,wearegoingtotalkaboutchoosingsocialwork.19.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。20.Whatdosocialworkersmainlydo?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。21.Whatdoprofessionalsocialworkershaveincommonaccordingtothespeaker?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位，因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的makeadifference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。22.WhatisMelWilsongoingtotalkaboutintheseries?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问MelWilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，MelWilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是MelWilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。9.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】ConversationOneM:[1]TodayourguestisRosieMullenderwhoworksasaFeaturesEditorforFashionmagazine.HiRosie,you’reFeatureseditoratoneofthemostwidelyreadwomen’smagazinesintheU.K.Whatkindofresponsibilitiesdoesthatjobentail?W:Wespendourdayslookingatideasfromjournalists,writingcopyforthemagazineandwebsite,andediting.Wedorandomthingslikeaskingpeopleinthestreetquestionsandtestingsportsclothing.Wealsodolesstangiblethingslikeunderstandingwhatourreaderswant.It’scertainlyvariedandsometimesbizarre.M:Duringyourworkingday,whatkindofworkmightyoutypicallydo?W:[2]Mydaymainlyincorporatesrespondingtoemails,writingandeditingstoriesandcomingupwithnewfeatureideas.M:HowdoesthejobofFeatureseditordifferfromthatofFashioneditororothereditorialpositions?W:TheFeaturesteamdealswitharticlessuchascareers,reports,confidenceandconfessions—everythingexceptfashionandbeauty.M:[3]Alotofpeoplebelievethatworkingatamagazineisaglamorousjob.Isthisanaccuraterepresentationofwhatyoudo?W:I’dsayit’sglamoroustoanextent,butnotinthewayit’sportrayedinfilms.Wedohaveourmoments,suchasinterviewingcelebritiesandattendingparties