2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题KnowingthathehadbeenadmittedtoCambridgeUniversity,hewastooexcitedtobe（

）onthephone.问题1选项A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent2.单选题

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.问题1选项A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind3.单选题Thisticket（

）youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.问题1选项A.permitsB.entitlesC.grantsD.credits4.单选题

Ifyoudivide7by3,youhave1（

）问题1选项A.leftoverB.leftoutC.leftoffD.leftabout5.单选题TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,thecourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”，acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”.GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasgooddoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospitals,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Alargenumberofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”，totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclearthatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.1.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）2.GeorgeAnnasmayagreethat（

）.3.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis（

）.4.What’sthepossiblemeaningof“aggressive”(Line3,Para.7)?5.AccordingtoGeorgeAnnas，whichofthefollowingmedicalbehaviorsshouldbepunished?问题1选项A.doctorsneverincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’painB.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlivesC.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicideD.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide问题2选项A.adoctor’smedicationshouldn’tbejustifiedbyhisintentionsB.doctorscannotgivepatientslargedosagesofmedicationonanyaccountC.high-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribedD.doctorsshouldbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death问题3选项A.prolongedmedicalproceduresB.inadequatetreatmentofpainC.systematicdrugabuseD.insufficienthospitalcare问题4选项A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Positive.D.Energetic.问题5选项A.Treatingpatientimpatiently.B.Givingpatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.C.Reducingdrugdosagesforpatients.D.Prolongingtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.6.单选题TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateisprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem.”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVDmailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasblunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein,“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness.”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.”1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto（

）.2.Perttisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould（

）.3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata“legacyproduct”（

）.4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld（

）.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?问题1选项A.theincreasingonlineandsalesB.thepressurefromitsinvestorsC.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersD.thehighcostofoperation问题2选项A.makestrategicadjustmentsB.endtheprinteditionforgood.C.seeknewsourcesofleadership.D.aimforefficientmanagement问题3选项A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesB.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersC.willhavethecostofprintingreducedD.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.问题4选项A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedB.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingC.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesD.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated问题5选项A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.B.CherishthenewspapersStillinYourHandC.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashionD.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood7.单选题（

）this,everythingisorder.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.ExceptforD.but8.单选题Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.问题1选项A.mastersB.mumblesC.molestsD.muzzles9.单选题Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually（

）andturnintosoil.问题1选项A.contractB.decayC.fadeD.wither10.单选题（

）foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.问题1选项A.ItisrarelyB.RarelyC.TherarelyD.Despiteitsbeingrarely第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coincidental“巧合的，一致的”；identical“相同的，同一的”；same“相同的”；coherent“连贯的”。句意：得知被剑桥大学录取，他太过于激动以至于在电话中话都说不连贯。选项D符合题意。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，轻蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意识”；mind“精神，理智，决心”。句意：他的批评伤害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她现在非常伤心。选项C符合题意。3.【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。permit“允许”；entitle“授权，给······称号”；grant“授予，同意”；credit“相信，信任”。句意：凭着这张票你可以在我们的新餐厅免费吃一顿。选项B符合句意。4.【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。leftover“剩下，遗留”；leftout“被遗忘，忽略”；leftoff“停止，中断”；leftabout“乱丢，乱放”。句意：七除以三还余一。选项A符合句意。5.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段和第二段的第一句话提到最高法院关于医生协助自杀的裁决有重要的意义，最高法院支持流传了几个世纪的道德准则，这说明最高法院认为医生没有协助病人自杀的权利，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章在第五段和最后一段提到了GeorgeAnnas。在第五段中，他认为只要医生开药是出于合理的医疗目的，即使这些药会加速病人的死亡，医生也没有违法。最后一段最后一句他提出如果病人痛苦死去是医生护理不好的表现，从两段可以看出，他支持医生大剂量用药，所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第七段第二句话提及临终护理存在的问题，一个是theundertreatmentofpain(没有对病人的疼痛采取有效的措施)，一个是ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying（强行使用无效的治疗方法来延长病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊严）。选项B符合题意。4.单词出现的句子是：Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.句意：对病人疼痛处理不力和_____无效的治疗方法来延长病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊严。由这句话中的ineffectual，forced,dishonor这些词推出这样的治疗是没有效果的，是不积极的。选项A符合题意。harmful与use搭配不符合语意。5.文章最后一段GeorgeAnnas否定了大量医生无视病人的痛苦，用药延长病人痛苦这些做法。选项D符合题意。6.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第二段Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints提到现在发行一份纸质报纸所需要的印刷机、配送卡是奢侈。在当下，只发行电子版报纸的同类报纸