河南省2022-2023学年高三上学期阶段性考试（四）英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页河南省2022-2023学年高三上学期高三阶段性考试(四)英语考生注意：1.本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Helosthishorse.B.Hewasbittenbyadog.C.Hewasbittenbyahorse.2.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Johnhastoofewdreams.B.Johndoesn’tlikedreaming.C.Johndoesn’tputhisideasintopractice.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thecourses.B.Thebiologydepartment.C.Adegreeinbiology.4.Whatwillthemando?A.Seeadoctor.B.Visitthewoman.C.Attendameeting.5.WhyshouldthemanapologizetoSonia?A.Hedidherhairbadly.B.Hemadefunofhernewhairstyle.C.Hedidn’tnoticehernewhairstyle.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthemanwanttoworkinthehotel?A.Togoabroad.B.Tofindaplacetolivein.C.ToearnsomemoneyandpracticehisEnglish.7.Whatkindofjobdoesthemanapplyfor?A.Themanager.B.Thecook.C.Thewaiter.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthemostimportantrequirementforanairhostessaccordingtotheman?A.Shemustbekind.B.Shemustbetallandbeautiful.C.ShemustbeanEnglishexpert.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Doctorandpatient.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwasthewomandoingwhensheheardanoise?A.Shewasdoingthedishes.B.Shewaspolishingthetable.C.Shewascleaningthelivingroom.11.Whomaythemanspeakerbe?A.Thewoman’shusband.B.Thewoman’sneighbor.C.Apoliceofficer.12.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Intheevening.B.Aroundnoon.C.Intheearlymorning.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhereistheRoyalOak?A.Inthecountryside.B.Ontheairportroad.C.Nearthemainsquare.14.WhatdoesthemanthinkoftheBridgeHotel?A.Abitfar.B.Quiteunusual.C.Verypeaceful.15.WhatisspecialabouttheBridgeHotel?A.It’squitelovelyinsummer.B.Ithasanindoorswimmingpool.C.Itwaschangedfromaprivatehouse.16.Whichhotelwillthemanchoose?A.TheBridgeHotel.B.TheRoyalOak.C.CarltonHouse.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatdoesTatyanado?A.Ateacher.B.Abusinesswoman.C.Atutor.18.WhichofthefollowingcausedthegreatestproblemforTatyanaatfirst?A.Herchildren.B.Thelanguage.C.Localcitizens.19.WhydidTatyanagotoToastmastersInternational?A.Tohavefun.B.ToimproveherEnglish.C.Tomakemoregoodfriends.20.WhatdoesthespeakermentionaboutTatyanaintheend?A.HerwaytolearnEnglish.B.Herloveforherhometown.C.HerimpressionofCanadians.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhenitcomestoAlbertEinstein(1879-1955),it'seasytoimagineanold,crazy-hairedgenius.Butbeforeheevercameupwiththetheoryofrelativity,Einsteinwasa23-year-oldpatentclerk,workingfortheminimumwage.YoungEinsteindecidedtoearnsomeextracashtutoringphysics.Heputupanad,andMauriceSolovine,astudentofphilosophy,responded.Thetwodidnotdomuchtraditionalstudying,butinsteadchattedaboutphilosophy.ConradHabicht,amathematicianandafriendofEinstein,joinedtheirdebates.TheyjokinglycalledthemselvestheOlympiaAcademy.We’vegatheredtogethersomebooksthemembersoftheOlympiaAcademyreadanddiscussed.MaybetheliteraturethatinspiredEinsteincaninspireyoutobeclever,too.ATreatiseofHumanNaturebyDavidHumeDavidHume,a18th-centuryScottishphilosopher,wasalwayssuspicious.Hebelieved“everythingweknowisreallyjustamatterofprobability”.Heargued“reasondoesn’tmotivatepeople’’,whichledtoallsortsofquestions,suchas“Sowhat’smotivatingyoutowritethis?”“Thechiefbenefit,whichresultsfromphilosophy,arisesinanindirectmanner,andmorefromitssecretinsensibleinfluence,thanfromitsimmediateapplication,”Humewrote.AnalysisofSensationsbyErnstMachAnAustrianphilosopherErnstMachwroteabouthowmysterioussensesare.Inanattempttofigureouthowhumansexperiencebalance,Machcleverlybuiltaturningchairs,whichusedshadesofgraybandstoshowthatthecolorspeoplesawweredeeplyaffectedbythecolorsaroundthem.ScienceandHypothesisbyHenriPoincareHenriPoincare,a19th-centuryFrenchphilosopher,wasalsoatheoreticalphysicist,anengineerandamathematician.Atcollege,hewasfantasticatmath.HecreatedhisspecialtheoryandwroteScienceandHypothesis.SomeofhisthoughtsactuallysowedtheseedsforEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,suchastheideathattimeisrelative.1.WhatdidthemembersoftheOlympiaAcademyhaveincommon?A.Theylivedonhighwages.B.Theytendedtolaughateachother.C.Theylovedreadingandstudying.D.Theywere18th-centurymathematicians.2.WhichofthefollowingdoesDavidHumeagreewith?A.Reasonmotivatespeople.B.Everyhumansenseismysterious.C.Peopleshouldseeeverythingwithdoubt.D.Thechiefbenefitofphilosophyarisesdirectly.3.WhoprobablyinspiredEinstein’stheoryofrelativity?AConradHabicht. B.DavidHume. C.ErnstMach. D.HenriPoincare.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了奥林匹亚学院的成员喜欢阅读和讨论的书。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二自然段“We’vegatheredtogethersomebooksthemembersoftheOlympiaAcademyreadanddiscussed.(我们收集了一些奥林匹亚学院成员阅读和讨论的书籍。)”可知，奥林匹亚学院成员喜欢阅读和讨论。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ATreatiseofHumanNaturebyDavidHume部分“DavidHume,a18th-centuryScottishphilosopher,wasalwayssuspicious.Hebelieved“everythingweknowisreallyjustamatterofprobability”.(18世纪的苏格兰哲学家大卫·休谟总是疑心重重。他认为“我们所知道的一切都只是概率问题”。)”的可知，DavidHume认为人们应该怀疑地看待一切。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ScienceandHypothesisbyHenriPoincare部分“HenriPoincare,a19th-centuryFrenchphilosopher,wasalsoatheoreticalphysicist,anengineerandamathematician.Atcollege,hewasfantasticatmath.HecreatedhisspecialtheoryandwroteScienceandHypothesis.SomeofhisthoughtsactuallysowedtheseedsforEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,suchastheideathattimeisrelative.(亨利·庞加莱（HenriPoincare），19世纪法国哲学家，也是一位理论物理学家、工程师和数学家。在大学里，他数学很好。他创立了自己的特殊理论，并撰写了《科学与假说》。他的一些思想实际上为爱因斯坦的相对论埋下了种子，比如时间是相对的。)”可知，HenriPoincare可能激励了爱因斯坦的相对论。故选D。BGrowingupinruralJiangsuProvince,YuJigaoshowedastronginterestinfineartsatanearlyageandstudiedonhisownforyears.Hishardworkpaidofflater.Intheearly1950s,hemadehiswaytoNanjingNormalUniversity,wherehelearnedpaintingtheoriesandtechniquesfromsomefamousartists.ItwasthenthatYufoundhislifelongartisticzealforgongbi.Gongbipaintingsusuallydescribebirdsandflowers,symbolsofbeautyandjoy,inanartisticwaywithintensecolor.Aftergraduationfromtheartschoolin1957,YubeganhisprofessionalcareerattheChinesePaintingInstituteofJiangsu.Hehassincepublishedaseriesofartcollections.Since1959,Yuhascontributedaseriesofworkstomanyimportantsites.Yu’sworkshavealsobeendisplayedinarangeofnationalandinternationalexhibitions.From1986to1997,heheldhisexhibitionsinsuchplacesasBeijing,GuangzhouandNewYork.Boththethemesandartistictechniqueshavewonwidespreadpraiseinthepastyears.Whileobservingtraditionalrules,heusesaccuratelines,powerfulbrushmovementsaswellastheinterplaybetweendarkandlighttorepresenttheharmonyofnature.Thoughheadoptsarealisticstyle,hetriestoenrichhisworkswithspiritualbeautythroughhisbrush.Yusays,“Thatfeelingturnsintotheimagesofsingingbirdsandelegantflowersinmypaintings.”Thankstohiscarefulobservationofnatureandartisticsensitivity,Yuisabletocombinerealisticdescriptionwithartisticexpressioninhisbrushwork.NowasdeputydirectoroftheAcademyofChineseGongbiPaintingofFlowersandBirdsandanationaltop-levelartist,Yumaintainsasimpleandeasy-goingstyle.Inadditiontoartisticcreation,YuhasdevotedhimselftopromotinghispaintingstyleastheculturalheritageofChina.“Artispartofmylife,”Yusays.“Iamproudtobeaflower-birdpainter.Ihopetocreateabrightfutureforitthroughmyefforts.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“zeal”inparagraph1mean?A.Request. B.Passion. C.Justice. D.Fund.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutYu?A.Hisschoollife.B.Hispaintingtechniques.C.Hisachievementsinpainting.D.Hiscontributionstotheartschool.6.WhichisYu’spaintingfeature?A.Adoptingabstractobjects.B.Excludingplantsandanimals.C.Combiningtraditionalruleswitharealisticstyle.D.Representingtheimbalancebetweennatureandhumans.7.WhatdoesYuexpectofhispaintingstyle?A.Itwillbepassedon.B.Itwillchangeovertime.C.Itwilllookmorecomplicated.D.Itwillreachthetopinternationallevel.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了国画大师喻继高。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Intheearly1950s,hemadehiswaytoNanjingNormalUniversity,wherehelearnedpaintingtheoriesandtechniquesfromsomefamousartists.ItwasthenthatYufound(20世纪50年代初，他来到南京师范大学，在那里他从一些著名艺术家那里学习绘画理论和技巧。就在那时)”的语境和强调句型可知，此处是指就在学习绘画理论和技巧时，喻继高发现了他对工笔画一生的艺术热情。故推测，zeal意为“热情”。A.Request.要求；B.Passion.热情；C.Justice.正义；D.Fund.资金。故选B。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Aftergraduationfromtheartschoolin1957,YubeganhisprofessionalcareerattheChinesePaintingInstituteofJiangsu.Hehassincepublishedaseriesofartcollections.Since1959,Yuhascontributedaseriesofworkstomanyimportantsites.Yu’sworkshavealsobeendisplayedinarangeofnationalandinternationalexhibitions.From1986to1997,heheldhisexhibitionsinsuchplacesasBeijing,GuangzhouandNewYork.Boththethemesandartistictechniqueshavewonwidespreadpraiseinthepastyears.(1957年从艺术学校毕业后，喻在江苏中国画学院开始了他的职业生涯。此后，他出版了一系列艺术作品集。自1959年以来，喻为许多重要遗址贡献了一系列作品。喻的作品也在一系列国家和国际展览中展出。从1986年到1997年，他在北京、广州和纽约等地举办了展览。在过去的几年里，无论是主题还是艺术技巧都赢得了广泛的赞誉)”可知，本段主要讲述了喻在绘画方面的艺术成就。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Whileobservingtraditionalrules,heusesaccuratelines,powerfulbrushmovementsaswellastheinterplaybetweendarkandlighttorepresenttheharmonyofnature.Thoughheadoptsarealisticstyle,hetriestoenrichhisworkswithspiritualbeautythroughhisbrush.(在遵守传统规则的同时，他使用精确的线条、有力的笔刷动作以及黑暗和光明之间的相互作用来代表自然的和谐。虽然他采用了现实主义的风格，但他试图通过笔触来丰富自己的作品，使之具有精神美)”可知，喻的绘画风格结合了传统的规则和现实主义风格。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Inadditiontoartisticcreation,YuhasdevotedhimselftopromotinghispaintingstyleastheculturalheritageofChina.“Artispartofmylife,”Yusays.“Iamproudtobeaflower-birdpainter.Ihopetocreateabrightfutureforitthroughmyefforts.”(除了艺术创作之外，喻还致力于将他的绘画风格作为中国的文化遗产加以推广。喻说：“艺术是我生活的一部分。”。“作为一名花鸟画家，我感到很自豪。我希望通过我的努力，为它创造一个美好的未来。”)”推知，喻希望他的绘画风格被传承下去。故选A。CAdultsareoftenembarrassedaboutaskingforaid.It’sanactthatcanmakepeoplefeelweak.Themomentyouaskfordirections,yourevealthatyouarelost.Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourincompetence.Newresearchsuggeststhatasearlyasseven,childrenbegintoconnectaskingforhelpwithlookingincompetentinfrontofothersforthesamereason.Tolearnmoreabouthowchildrenthinkaboutreputation,researcherspreparedsimplestoriesandthenaskedchildrenquestionsaboutthescenestoallowkidstopresenttheirthinking.Theyasked576children,agedfourtonine.topredictthebehavioroftwokidsinastory.Oneofthecharactersgenuinelywantedtobesmart.andtheothermerelywantedtoseemsmarttoothers.Theytoldchildrenthatbothkidsdidpoorlyonatest.Theythenaskedwhichofthesecharacterswouldbemorelikelytoraisetheirhandinfrontoftheirclassortoasktheteacherforhelp.Thefour-year-oldchildrenwereequallylikelytochooseeitherofthetwokidsastheonewhowouldseekhelp.Butbyagesevenoreight,childrenthoughtthatthekidwhowantedtoseemsmartwouldbelesslikelytoaskforassistance.Whenassistancecouldbesoughtprivately,childrenthoughtbothcharacterswereequallylikelytoaskforit.Theresearchshowsthatchildrenmayavoidseekinghelpwhenothersarepresent.Theirunwillingnesscanseriouslystopacademicprogress.Toimproveinanyfield,onemustworkhard,takeonchallengingtasksandaskquestions.Theseeffortscanbedifficultwhensomeoneisconcernedwiththeirappearancetoothers.Suchbarrierslikelyrequirereputation-basedsolutions.First,adultsshouldlowerthesocialrisksofseekinghelp.Forinstance,teacherscangivechildrenmoreopportunitiestoseekassistanceprivately.Parentscanpointouthowachild'squestionstartsavaluableconversationinwhichtheentirefamilygettotalkandlearntogether.Adultscanpraisekidsforseekingassistance.Theseresponsessendastrongsignalthatotherpeopleacceptandattachimportancetowillingnesstoaskforaidandthatseekinghelpispartofapathtosuccess.8.Whydochildrenfeartoaskothersforhelp?A.Theyalwayssufferrejection.B.Theyareafraidoflosingface.C.Theymakeothersfeelembarrassed.D.Theylackcommunicativecompetence.9.Howdidtheresearchersgettheirresult?A.Bydoingcomparativeanalysis.B.Byreferringtopreviousdata.C.Byseekinghelpfromteachers.D.Bygroupingadultsandkids.10.Whatdoestheresearchshowaboutchildren?A.Theycarelessabouttheirappearancethanbefore.B.Theypreferhelpingotherstobeinghelped.C.Theyaremorewillingtoseekhelpinpublic.D.Theytendtoaskforassistanceinprivate.11.Whatcanpeopledotoremovechildren’sreputation-basedbarriers?A.Exposechildrentosocialrisks.B.Valuechildren’seffortstogethelp.C.Pointoutchildren’serrorsintheconversation.D.Createopportunitiesforchildrentoseekhelpopenly.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了孩子们因怕丢面子而不愿意当外人面寻求帮助，并给出了消除儿童名誉障碍的方法。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Adultsareoftenembarrassedaboutaskingforaid.It’sanactthatcanmakepeoplefeelweak.(成年人常常羞于寻求帮助)”及“Seekingassistancecanfeellikeyouarebroadcastingyourincompetence.Newresearchsuggeststhatasearlyasseven,childrenbegintoconnectaskingforhelpwithlookingincompetentinfrontofothersforthesamereason.(寻求帮助会让人觉得你在宣扬自己的无能。新的研究表明，早在七岁的时候，出于同样的原因，孩子们开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前表现无能联系起来)”可知，孩子们害怕向别人寻求帮助，因为他们害怕丢脸。故选B项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tolearnmoreabouthowchildrenthinkaboutreputation,researcherspreparedsimplestoriesandthenaskedchildrenquestionsaboutthescenestoallowkidstopresenttheirthinking.Theyasked576children,agedfourtoninetopredictthebehavioroftwokidsinastory.Oneofthecharactersgenuinelywantedtobesmartandtheothermerelywantedtoseemsmarttoothers.Theytoldchildrenthatbothkidsdidpoorlyonatest.Theythenaskedwhichofthesecharacterswouldbemorelikelytoraisetheirhandinfrontoftheirclassortoasktheteacherforhelp.Thefour-year-oldchildrenwereequallylikelytochooseeitherofthetwokidsastheonewhowouldseekhelp.Butbyagesevenoreight,childrenthoughtthatthekidwhowantedtoseemsmartwouldbelesslikelytoaskforassistance.Whenassistancecouldbesoughtprivately,childrenthoughtbothcharacterswereequallylikelytoaskforit.(为了进一步了解孩子们是如何看待声誉的，研究人员准备了一些简单的故事，然后问孩子们关于场景的问题，让孩子们表达自己的想法。他们询问了576名年龄在4到9岁之间的儿童，来预测故事中两个孩子的行为。其中一个角色真心想变得聪明。另一个只是想让别人觉得自己很聪明。他们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在一次测试中表现都很差。然后他们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在全班同学面前举手或向老师求助。四岁的孩子选择两个孩子都可能成为寻求帮助的任何一个。但到了七八岁的时候，孩子们认为想要显得聪明的孩子不太可能寻求帮助。当可以私下寻求帮助时，孩子们认为两个角色都有同样的可能性寻求帮助)”可知，研究人员是通过比较四岁的孩子和七八岁孩子的不同选择来分析获得结论的。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章二段“Whenassistancecouldbesoughtprivately,childrenthoughtbothcharacterswereequallylikelytoaskforit.(当可以私下寻求帮助时，孩子们认为两个角色都有同样的可能性寻求帮助)”可知，当可以私下寻求帮助时，孩子们认为两个角色都有同样的可能性寻求帮助；根据文章第三段“Theresearchshowsthatchildrenmayavoidseekinghelpwhenothersarepresent.(研究表明，当别人在场时，孩子们可能会避免寻求帮助)”可知，有别人在场时孩子们可能不会寻求帮助，而当可以私下寻求帮助时，孩子们认为两个角色都有同样的可能性寻求帮助。由此可知，从孩子们的选择来看，孩子们都倾向于私下里寻求他人帮助。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Theseresponsessendastrongsignalthatotherpeopleacceptandattachimportancetowillingnesstoaskforaidandthatseekinghelpispartofapathtosuccess.(这些反应发出了一个强烈的信号，即其他人接受并重视寻求援助的意愿，寻求帮助是通往成功之路的一部分)”可知，要去除儿童的名誉障碍，其他人应该接受并重视儿童寻求帮助的意愿，即接受和重视孩子们寻求帮助的努力。故选B项。DFromairplanestoapartments,mostspacesarenowdesignedwithsound-absorbingmaterialsthathelpdecreasevarioussoundsofeverydaylife.Butmostofthesound-absorbingmaterialsthatcancancelouthumanvoices,trafficnoiseandmusicaremadefromplasticfoams(泡沫)thataren’teasilyrecycledordegraded.Now,researchersreportinginACSSustainableChemistry&Engineeringhavecreatedabiodegradablefilm(薄膜)obtainedfromseaweed,whicheffectivelyabsorbssoundsinthisrange.Controllingandoptimizingthewaysoundmovesthroughoutaroomiskeytocreatingfunctionalspaces.Foamsound-absorbingpanelsareacommonsolution,andtheycomeinavarietyofmaterialsandthicknessestailoredtospecificsoundrequirements.Mostofthesefoams,however,aremadefromatypeofplasticmaterialandotherchemicalsubstancesthatareobtainedfromnatural-oilorpetrol.Toavoidpetrochemicals,researchershaveexploredmorerenewablesourcesandbiodegradablesound-absorbingalternatives.Butmanycurrentoptionsaremadefromplantfibersthatdon’teffectivelydecreasenoisesinthemostusefulrangeofsoundfrequencies,ortheyaretoothickordifficulttoproduce.So,Chindam’steamwantedtodevelopabiodegradablematerialfromaplant,whichwouldbesimpletoproduceandcouldabsorbarangeofsounds.Theteamcreatedfilmsofagar(琼脂),amaterialthatcomesfromseaweed,alongwithotheradditivesdevelopedfromplantsandvariedthethicknessofthefilms.Afterrunningthematerialsthroughabatteryoftests,theresearchersmeasuredhowwellthefilmsreducedsoundacrossarangeoffrequencies.Todothis,theteamcreatedasoundtubeinwhichaspeakerisplacedatoneend,andthetestfilmisfittedovertheotherend.Microphonesinthemiddleofthetubemeasuredtheamountofsoundsentbythespeakerandtheamountofsoundreflectedoffthefilm.Theseexperimentsshowedthatthefilmswithmanysmallholesmadewiththehighestconcentrationsofagarhadthegreatestsound-absorbingqualitiesandper-formedsimilarlytotraditionalsound-absorbingfoams.Theresearchersplantoexplorewaystochangetheagarfilmstogivethemotherdesirableproperties,suchasflameresistance,andwillexploreotherbiologicallyobtainedfilmmaterials.12.Whatisthedisadvantageofplasticfoams?A.Theytakeuptoomuchspace.B.Theycannotabsorbsoundseffectively.C.Theyhavedifficultyachievingsustainableuse.D.Theycannotmeetspecificsoundrequirements.13.Whichkindofsound-absorbingmaterialwouldChindam’steamdevelop?A.Onemadefromplantfibers.B.Oneproducedtoughlyandtiredly.C.Onedevelopedfrompetrochemicals.D.Oneobtainedeasilyandeffectively.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepurposeoffilmresearch.B.Aseriesoftestsonthenewmaterial.C.Atoolofmeasuringthefilmthickness.D.Thedifficultyofsearchingthenewmaterial.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ATubeforMeasuringtheAmountofUnderwaterSoundsB.PlasticFoams:theWorstChoiceofAbsorbingSoundsC.Seaweed:aBetterSound-absorbingUnderwaterPlantD.AnEco-friendlySound-absorbingMaterialfromSeaweed【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲的是现在，研究人员在《ACS可持续化学与工程》杂志上报告称，他们从海藻中提取了一种可生物降解的薄膜，可以有效地吸收这一范围内的声音。文章介绍了泡沫塑料的缺点以及这种环保吸音材料的开发过程。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butmostofthesound-absorbingmaterialsthatcancancelouthumanvoices,trafficnoiseandmusicaremadefromplasticfoams(泡沫)thataren’teasilyrecycledordegraded.(但是，大多数可以消除人声、交通噪音和音乐的吸声材料都是由塑料泡沫制成的，这些泡沫不易回收或降解。)”可知，泡沫塑料的缺点是它们难以实现可持续利用。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“So,Chindam’steamwantedtodevelopabiodegradablematerialfromaplant,whichwouldbesimpletoproduceandcouldabsorbarangeofsounds.(因此，Chindam的团队想要从植物中开发出一种可生物降解的材料，这种材料生产起来很简单，而且可以吸收一系列的声音。)”可知，Chindam的团队会开发很容易就能得到的吸音材料。故选D。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theteamcreatedfilmsofagar(琼脂),amaterialthatcomesfromseaweed,alongwithotheradditivesdevelopedfromplantsandvariedthethicknessofthefilms.Afterrunningthematerialsthroughabatteryoftests,theresearchersmeasuredhowwellthefilmsreducedsoundacrossarangeoffrequencies.Todothis,theteamcreatedasoundtubeinwhichaspeakerisplacedatoneend,andthetestfilmisfittedovertheotherend.Microphonesinthemiddleofthetubemeasuredtheamountofsoundsentbythespeakerandtheamountofsoundreflectedoffthefilm.(该团队制作了琼脂薄膜，这是一种来自海藻的材料，以及从植物中提取的其他添加剂，并改变了薄膜的厚度。在对这些材料进行了一系列测试后，研究人员测量了这些薄膜在一定频率范围内降低声音的效果。为了做到这一点，该团队创造了一个声管，其中一端放置了扬声器，另一端安装了测试薄膜。管中间的麦克风测量扬声器发出的声音量和电影反射的声音量。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是对新材料的一系列测试。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Now,researchersreportinginACSSustainableChemistry&Engineeringhavecreatedabiodegradablefilm(薄膜)obtainedfromseaweed,whicheffectivelyabsorbssoundsinthisrange.(现在，研究人员在ACS可持续化学与工程杂志上报告说，他们已经从海藻中提取出一种可生物降解的薄膜，可以有效地吸收这个范围内的声音。)”并结合文章介绍了泡沫塑料的缺点以及这种环保吸音材料的开发过程。可知，本文主要讲的是现在，研究人员在《ACS可持续化学与工程》杂志上报告称，他们从海藻中提取了一种可生物降解的薄膜，可以有效地吸收这一范围内的声音，D选项“AnEco-friendlySound-absorbingMaterialfromSeaweed(一种来自海藻的环保吸音材料)”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Teachingkidshowtotakecontrolofincomeandexpensesisthekeytofinancialsuccess.Hereareafewtipsforhelpingteensunderstandtheimportanceofmoneymanagement.●FamilygoalsettingSettingfinancialgoalsasafamilycanbeagreatwaytosolveacurrentmoneyproblemandinvolvethewholefamilyincuttingbackonspending.____16____.Theycanalsobelargesuchassavingforafamilyvacation.Theideaistogetchildrenandparentstoworktogethertowardacommonfinancialgoal.●____17____Lettingteenspayforgoodsorserviceswillhelpthemdevelophealthyfinancialhabits.Balancingthefamilychequebookandunderstandingthehouseholdincomeandexpenseswillprepareteensforthefuturebylearningimportantmoneymanagementtools.●TeencreditcardsIfteenshavecreditcards,theyshouldberesponsibleforpayingthebillsontheirown.____18____,butparentsshouldsetgroundrulesaboutacceptablepurchasesandamonthlylimit.Thereshouldbeaclearunderstandingthatthecardswillbetakenawayiftherulesarebroken.●TeenjobsWhenteenshavejobs,it’simportanttodiscusshowthatmoneywillbespent.____19____,likehowmuchtheywillsaveandhowmuchtheyshouldbudgetforentertainment.It’salsoimportantforchildrentoberesponsiblefortheirownmoney.Teensshouldhavetheirownbankaccountanddepositandwithdrawmoneyontheirown.Thiswillgivethematruesenseofresponsibility.●AllowanceParentscanuseallowancestohelpyoungchildrenlearnaboutthepowerofbudgeting:Kidslearnthattheycanspendtheirmoneyweeklyonsmalltreats.____20____.A.BillpaymentB.HealthyhabitsC.ParentsshouldhelpchildrenbudgettheirmoneyD.TrytosetlargefamilyfinancialgoalsoneatatimeE.TheycanalsosavetheirdollarsforaspeciallargerpurchaseF.Creditcardscanbeagoodwaytobuildteens’individualcreditG.Goalscanbesmallsuchaspayingoffasmallcreditcardbalance【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.C20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何帮助青少年理解理财重要性。【16题详解】根据上文“Settingfinancialgoalsasafamilycanbeagreatwaytosolveacurrentmoneyproblemandinvolvethewholefamilyincuttingbackonspending.(作为一个家庭设定财务目标是解决当前金钱问题的好方法，可以让整个家庭都参与削减开支)”可知，此处指要设定目标。根据下文“Theycanalsobelargesuchassavingforafamilyvacation.(它们也可以很大，比如为家庭度假攒钱)”可知，上文说的是小目标，所以G.Goalscanbesmallsuchaspayingoffasmallcreditcardbalance(目标可以是小的，比如还清小额信用卡余额)符合语境。故选G。【17题详解】根据本段内容“Lettingteenspayforgoodsorserviceswillhelpthemdevelophealthyfinancialhabits.Balancingthefamilychequebookandunderstandingthehouseholdincomeandexpenseswillprepareteensforthefuturebylearningimportantmoneymanagementtools.(让青少年为商品或服务付费将有助于他们养成健康的理财习惯。平衡家庭支票簿，了解家庭收入和支出，将通过学习重要的理财工具为青少年的未来做好准备)”可知，本段讲述了让孩子了解账单支付的问题，所以A.Billpayment(账单支付)符合语境。故选A。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Teencreditcards(青少年的信用卡)”可知，本段关键词是“creditcards”，根据下文的转折“butparentsshouldsetgroundrulesaboutacceptablepurchasesandamonthlylimit(但是，父母应该制定基本规则，规定可以接受的购买量和每月限额)可知，F.Creditcardscanbeagoodwaytobuildteensindividualcredit(信用卡是建立青少年个人信用的好方法)符合语境。故选F。【19题详解】根据下文“likehowmuchtheywillsaveandhowmuchtheyshouldbudgetforentertainment.(比如他们会存多少钱，应该为娱乐预算多少钱)”可知，此处帮助他们做预算，所以C.Parentsshouldhelpchildrenbudgettheirmoney(父母应该帮助孩子做预算)符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Parentscanuseallowancestohelpyoungchildrenlearnaboutthepowerofbudgeting;Kidslearnthattheycanspendtheirmoneyweeklyonsmalltreats.(父母可以用零花钱来帮助年幼孩子了解预算的力量;他们可以每周把钱花在小零食上)”可知，此处讲述让孩子们知道预算的好处，所以E.Theycanalsosavetheirdollarsforaspeciallargerpurchase(他们还可以把钱存起来，用于购买更大的特殊物品)符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。NeilArmstrongwasuniquelysuitedtobeanApolloastronaut.Andhewasalsoabravetestpilotwhoputhislifeonthelinefor____21____progress.Asthefirsthumantowalkonthemoon,he____22____returnedtoEarthin1969.____23____Armstrong’searlylife,peoplefeltthatfatechosethegiftedyoungmantobecomeanastronaut.Hewas____24____byplanesandtookto____25____asachild.At16,he____26____hispilot’slicenseandbecameatestpilot.HewenttoPurdueUniversityonaU.S.Navyscholarshipandthenservedforthreeyearsasafighterpilot.He____27____toPurdueUniversitytofinishhisdegreeandwas____28____bytheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronautics(NACA)n1955.Ayearlater,ArmstrongmarriedJanetShearonandthey____29____theirsonin1957.Hestartedhisspace_____30_____attheNACALewisResearchCenter,butmadehis_____31_____asadaringtestpilotatanotherresearchcenter.ArmstrongflewthefamedX-15,anexperimentallychallengingrocket-poweredplanethat_____32_____thelivesofseveralbraveNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)testpilots.TheX-15_____33_____atopspeedandcouldclimbrighttotheedgeof_____34_____.Buttofullybreakthe_____35_____ofEarth’satmosphereandsurvive,hewouldhavetobecomeanastronaut.Thelong-awaited_____36_____tojoinNASA’sastronauttraining