河南省百所名校2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

第1页/共1页2023年普通高等学校全国统一模拟招生考试10月英语联考全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.HowdoesthemanlikeSally’sparty?A.Thefoodanddrinkwerenotenough.B.Themusicwastoonoisytotolerate.C.Itlackedinterestingpartygames.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Classmates.3.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Chargehisphone.B.Attendameeting.C.Repairthelift.4.Whichdressdoesthemanadvisethewomantowear?A.Thegreenone.B.Theredone.C.Theblueone.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aweekendplan.B.Askatingarea.C.Acominglecture.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdidthewomanplantodoonlinelastnight?A.Writeherreport.B.Playgames.C.Searchforinformation.7.Whotelephonedthewoman?A.Emily.B.Joan.C.Theman.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Havinganinterview.B.Doingexercise.C.Lookingforabike.9.Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork?A.Bysubway.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.10.Whatdoesthemanusuallydoattheweekend?A.Eatoutside.B.Doextrawork.C.Gorunning.听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。11.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashoppingmall.B.Onthecampus.C.Intheoffice.12.Howmuchdoesthewomanspendamonth?A.760dollars.B.1，250dollars.C.810dollars.13.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Sendmoneytoherparents,B.Helphermakeamonthlybudget.C.Calculatethemoneyshehasearned.14.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Lookforajob.B.Makesomecakes.C.Eaticecreams.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Ahost.B.Adesigner.C.Atraveller.16.Wheredoesthewomanliveandwork?A.InEngland.B.InItaly.C.InAmerica.17.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofItaliandesign?A.Ithaschangedalot.B.Itneedsimproving.C.Itisknownallovertheworld.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdidthespeakerdofirstinthemorning?A.HewatchedtheTVnews.B.Heopenedthewindow.C.Hehadacigarette.19.Whatwastheweatherlike?A,Rainy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.20.Whathappenedtothespeaker?A.Helosthissuitcase.B.Hiscarbrokedownontheroad.C.Abigfirebrokeoutnotfarfromhishouse.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThankyouforchoosingOTTTravelAgency.Inordertohaveapleasantjourney,pleasereadthefollowingnotescarefully.BookingRegulations1.Thereisanecessarybookingprocess.Wewillconfirmthatwithyouwithin1—2workingdays.2.Pleasebookaticketassoonaspossiblebecausetheratesmayvaryatdifferenttimes.Forexample,ratesriseduringholidays.3.PleasecarefullyreadourCustomerAgreementsbeforebooking.BookingProceduresandE-tickets1.Youwillreceiveabookingreceiptbye-mailimmediatelyaftersubmissionofbookinginformation.2.Youwillreceivetheconfirmatione-mailwesendwithin1—2workingdaysaftersubmission.3.Oncethebookingdetailsareconfirmed,youwillreceiveyoure-ticketbye-mail.Wewillprovidethecontactinformationoflocaltourismofficesforyourconvenientuseduringtourorasrequired.4.Next,youonlyneedtoprintthee-ticketandpresentitwithphotoIDtothetourguideonthedepartureday.SpecialNotesIftheflightisdelayedforover45minutesduetoweatherconditionorothercases,pleasegotothehotelbyyourself.Youcancontactthelocaltravelagencyandaskforhelp.Youarestronglyrecommendedtocontacttheairlineandlocaltravelagencytoconfirmtheflightarrivaltimeandairportpickup.Foryoursafety,pleaselockyourdoorwheneverandwhereveryouleave.Donothanganyclothesonlights.Donotsmokeinbed.Leavethehotelimmediatelyifyouhearafirealarm.Pleaseobservealldosanddon’tsmentionedbythetourguide.Thankyouforyourcooperation.Sorryforanyinconvenience.1.Whyshouldtravelersbookticketsimmediately?A.Theratesprobablychangewithtime. B.Therearefewticketsonholidays.C.Thebookingprocessiscomplicated. D.Theconfirmationwastesmuchtime.2Whenwillyoureceiveabookingreceipt?A.Beforefillinginaconfirmationform. B.Aftersendingoutabookinge-mail.C.Beforereceivingaconfirmatione-mail. D.Aftersubmittingbookinginformation.3.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhearafirealarminthehotel?A.Lockthedoor. B.Runoutofthehotel.C.Hangclothesonlights. D.Putoutyourcigarette.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章的主要内容是：旅游机构给出旅游前的注意事项，包括：订票规定、订票步骤和一些特殊注意事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BookingRegulations中的第二条内容“Pleasebookaticketassoonaspossiblebecausetheratesmayvaryatdifferenttimes.(请尽快订票，因为不同时间票价可能不同。)”可知，费用在不同时期可能有浮动，应该尽快订票。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据BookingProceduresandE-tickets中的第一条内容“Youwillreceiveabookingreceiptbye-mailimmediatelyaftersubmissionofbookinginformation.(在递交订位资料后，你会立即以电邮收到订位收据。)”可知，在提交预定申请后，你将马上收到以邮件形式发送的预定收据，故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SpecialNotes的内容“Leavethehotelimmediatelyifyouhearafirealarm.(如果听到火警，请立即离开酒店。)”可知，如果你听到火情警报，马上离开酒店。故选B项。BRecently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.InlateJanuaryof2021,Chicagoexperiencedsomeofthecoldesttemperaturesthatthecityhasseenindecades.Sadly,morethan100homelesspeoplewereleftoutsidedirectlyexposedtothedeadlyenvironment.CandicePaynewasluckyenoughtohaveashelterfromthedangerousconditions.However,shecouldn’tstopthinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleintheareawhohadnowheretogo.Paynestartedbrainstormingdifferentwaysshecouldpossiblyhelp.Atlast,shedecidedtoseeiftherewereanyroomsavailableatlocalhotelsthatshecouldpurchaseforthepeopleonthestreet.However,manyofthelocalhotelsrefusedtoallowhertopayfortherooms.“Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,thatwasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,”PaynetoldTODAY.AccordingtoPayne,eachroomcost$70pernight.Withouthesitating,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwithhercreditcard.Shethenreachedouttostrangers,askingifanyonewouldliketohelpoutwithpayingformorerooms.Strangersdonatedmoney,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfivenights.Payne’sselflessactmadenewsacrossthecountryhowever,sheinsistedsheneverdiditforattention.“Iamaregularpersons,”saidPayne,whospentthousandsofdollarsofherownmoneyhelpingcompletestrangers.“Itallsoundedlikearichpersondidthis,butI’mjustalittleblackgirlfromtheSouthSide.Ithoughtitwasimpossible,butafterseeingthisandseeingpeoplefromallaroundtheworld,thatjusttellsmeit’spossible.Wecanalldothistogether.”4.HowmuchdidPaynepaytheAmberInnfortheroomsintotal?A.$2,100. B.$4,200. C.$21,000. D.$10,500.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePayne?A.Kindandgenerous. B.Wealthyandfriendly.C.Determinedandhonest. D.Ambitiousandfaithful.6.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheHomelessSufferedtheExtremeColdB.ChicagoExperiencedtheColdestTemperaturesC.VolunteersCalledonPeopletoHelptheHomelessD.ChicagoWomanTriedHardtoSavetheHomeless7.Whattypeofwritingisthetext?A.Alabreport. B.Anewsreport.C.Anadvertisement. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了芝加哥一位妇女努力救助无家可归者，帮助他们过冬的事迹。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“AccordingtoPayne,eachroomcost$70pernight.(根据Payne的说法，每个房间每晚花费70美元。)”以及“Strangersdonatedmoney,whichhelpedPaynepayforatotalof60roomsforfivenights.(陌生人的捐款帮助Payne总共支付了5个晚上60个房间的费用。)”可知，每个房间每晚70美元，她一共付了60个房间5个晚上的钱，所以Payne总共付了21,000美元。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“However,shecouldn’tstopthinkingaboutthehomelesspeopleintheareawhohadnowheretogo.(然而，她无法停止思考在该地区无家可归的人，他们无处可去。)”和第五段中“Withouthesitating,shepurchased30roomsforthenightwithhercreditcard.(她毫不犹豫地用信用卡购买了30个房间。)”可知，Payne是个既善良又大方的人。故选A项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.(最近，芝加哥各地无家可归的人如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。幸运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种情况发生。)”可知，本文主要讲述了芝加哥一位妇女努力救助无家可归者，帮助他们过冬的事迹。选项D符合主题，故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“Recently,homelesspeopleacrossChicagofacedfreezingtodeathiftheycouldn’tfindshelterforthenight.Thankfully,onelocalwomanrefusedtoletthathappen.(最近，芝加哥各地无家可归的人如果找不到过夜的地方，就会被冻死。幸运的是，一位当地妇女拒绝让这种情况发生。)”以及第三段中“‘Noonewantedthem,butonehotel,theAmberInn,thatwasniceenoughtoallowmetobuytherooms,’PaynetoldTODAY.(Payne告诉《今日》：‘没有人想接纳他们，但有一家酒店——AmberInn非常好，允许我订下这些房间。’)”可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了最近芝加哥一位妇女救助无家可归者的事迹。故选B项。CThissummer,asthecapitalofEnglandbecamewarmerthanbefore,therehasbeenmanystoriesfromLondonersexperiencingoddinsectbites.EventheLondonUndergroundhasitsownspeciesofmosquitowithaparticularappetiteforhumanblood.ThemaininsectsoutforyourbloodinLondonaremosquitoesandhorseflies(马蝇).And,asthatSpacesongsaid,thefemalesofthesespeciesaremoredeadlythanthemales,beingtheonesthatseekoutanimalbloodasextranutritionfortheireggs.Horseflieshaveaparticularlycruelbiteusingtheirjawstobiteintoourskinlikeacarvingknifeuntiltheybreakabloodvessel(血管).Mosquitoesaremoresecretattacker,bitingusverypreciselywiththeirneedle-sharpmouth.IntheUK,theseinsectsareusuallyharmless.Thekeythingtoknowabouttheseinsectsisthatthey’refarmoreactiveinwarmweather.“Insectshaveaspecialandspecificrelationshipwithheat,”saysVickiSimsfromLadyBugPestControl.“Theriseintemperatureseesinsectsgrowfaster.Yearonyear,manyspeciesarealteringtheirbehaviourandbiologytofollowthetrendsoftheseasons.”So,whatdoesthismeanforthestateofourskin?LongandwarmLondonsummersmeanwemayseemoreoftheinsectsweexpect,butsomenewoneswedon’t.“Theonlythingseparatingusfromspecieslikemosquitoesthatcarrypublichealthrisksinotherpartsoftheworld,isclimate,geographyandmorethanalittleluck,”saysSims.ConcernsaboutincreaseofalienspeciesintheUKaregrowing.Usuallyarrivingwithinternationalshipments,traditionally“insectspeciesbroughtoverwoulddieoutrelativelyquicklybecauseofourcoldweather,”saysNatalieBungayfromtheBritishPestControlAssociation.“Butastheweatherwarmsupthere’smorechancethatthey’llsurviveandbecomeaproblem,soeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible.”8.Whatisthemajorfunctionofparagraph1?A.Tointroducethemaintopic. B.Toclarifytheauthor’sstand.C.Toarousethereaders’concern. D.Tosummarizethewholetext.9.Whydofemaleinsectsfavouranimalblood?A.Theybecomehungrymoreeasily. B.Theyhavestrongermouths.C.Theyaremoresensitivetoblood. D.Theyneedmorenutritionforeggs.10.Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A.Theinsectsgrowfastinwarmweather.B.Newspecieswillincreaseincoldweather.C.Mostspeciescan’tadapttothechangingclimate.D.Wecanonlydependonlucktoavoidpotentiallyharmfulinsects.11.WhatisNatalieBungay’sattitudetowardstheriseoftemperature?A.Optimistic. B.Worried.C.Unconcerned. D.Confused.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着气温的上升，英国的蚊虫更加猖獗，但本土蚊虫并不会对人产生危害。但是日益升高的温度可能会导致外来蚊虫物种的侵入，这可能会给英国带来麻烦。【8题详解】推理判断题。通读文章第一段内容可知，本段介绍了随着温度的上升，伦敦的人们越来越多地受到蚊虫叮咬。本段联系生活实际，展示了一个蚊虫日益猖獗的现象，进而引出下文对此现象的剖析。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段提到“thefemalesofthesespeciesaremoredeadlythanthemales,beingtheonesthatseekoutanimalbloodasextranutritionfortheireggs（这些物种的雌性比雄性更致命，因为它们会为自己的卵寻找动物的血液作为额外的营养）”由此可知，雌性蚊虫要吸取动物的血为它们的卵提供额外的营养。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。第三段提到“Thekeythingtoknowabouttheseinsectsisthatthey’refarmoreactiveinwarmweather.(关键要知道，这些昆虫在温暖环境下更加活跃。)”，又根据“Theriseintemperatureseesinsectsgrowfaster.(温度上升使昆虫生长更快。)”由此判断，昆虫在温暖的环境下生长的更快速。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。最后一段提到“Butastheweatherwarmsupthere’smorechancethat,they’llsurviveandbecomeaproblem,soeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible.(NatalieBungay认为，随着温度的上升，它们有可能存活下来，造成麻烦，所以我们应该尽快采取措施应对。)”由此可见他的态度是担忧的。故选B。DChewingusesasurprisingamountofenergy.Anexperimentthatlookedattheenergyuseassociatedwithchewinggumfoundthatitcanincreasebodilyenergyusebyupto15percent.AdamvanCasterenattheUniversityofManchesterintheUKandhiscolleaguesmeasuredenergyusein21peoplebetween18and45yearsoldastheychewedgumfor15minutes.Eachparticipantwasaskedtochewtwotypesofgum—onesoftandtheothertough—sotheycouldcomparetheeffectsofthegum’spropertiesontheparticipants’energyuse.Energyusewasmeasuredusingaspeciallymadecapcoveringtheparticipants’heads.“Youcanusethecaptoworkouthowmuchenergyisbeingused,”saysCasteren.Beforetheexperiment,theparticipantshadallwornthecapwhiletheysatwatchingafilminorderfortheresearcherstoknowtheirbaselevelenergyuse.Theresearchersfoundthatchewingthesoftgumincreasedenergyexpenditurebyabout10percent,whilechewingthetoughergumincreasedthisusebyaround15percent.Casterensaysit’sinterestingthatasmallchangeinthepropertiesofthegumhadsuchacleareffectonenergyuse.Thefindingssuggestthattheenergyuserequiredtochewalsoexplainwhywedevelopedsuchstrongteethfortheaction.Anyamountofenergylostwhilechewingfood,makesthemealalessefficientsourceofenergy,sowemustfinishtheactionassoonaspossible.DylanThompsonattheUniversityofBathintheUKsaystheincreaseisstillonlyasmallamountoverall.“Itwillcontributelessthan1percentoftotaldailyenergyusebecauseofrelativelyshortdailychewingtime,”hesays.12Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Comparisonbetweensoftandtoughgum.B.Theresultofanexperimentaboutenergyuse.C.AdamvanCasteren’sopinionaboutchewinggum.D.Anexperimentaboutenergyusewhenchewinggum.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expenditure”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Digestion. B.Transportation. C.Consumption. D.Production.14.Whydohumanbeingsdevelopstrongteethaccordingtothetext?A.Toeatmorefoodatameal. B.Toreduceenergyloss.C.Tomakethemeallessefficient. D.Tobreakdownfoodthoroughly.15.WhatdoesDylanThompsonprobablyagreewith?A.Chewingtimeofhumansisincreasing.B.Chewingisnotanimportantpartofourlife.C.Chewingdoesn’tusemuchenergyinourdailylife.D.Thereisnorelationshipbetweenenergyuseandchewing.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了咀嚼会消耗人体能量。AdamvanCasteren通过做咀嚼软、硬口香糖消耗能量的实验证实了这个观点。但是由于人们每天咀嚼的时间很短，所以不会消耗太多能量。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Eachparticipantwasaskedtochewtwotypesofgum—onesoftandtheothertough—sotheycouldcomparetheeffectsofthegum’spropertiesontheparticipants’energyuse.(每个参与者都被要求咀嚼两种类型的口香糖——一种是软的，一种是硬的——这样他们就可以比较口香糖的特性对参与者能量消耗的影响。)”可知，本段主要讲述AdamvanCasteren通过做咀嚼软、硬口香糖的实验来测定咀嚼对人体能量的消耗，即一个有关咀嚼口香糖消耗能量的实验。故选D项。【13题详解】猜测词义题。根据文章第三段内容“chewingthesoftgumincreasedenergyexpenditurebyabout10percent,whilechewingthetoughergumincreasedthisusebyaround15percent.(嚼软口香糖会增加10%的能量消耗，而嚼硬口香糖会增加15%的能量消耗)”可知，咀嚼软口香糖增加百分之十的能量消耗，而咀嚼硬口香糖增加百分之十五的能量消耗。本句中energyexpenditure和thisuse表达同一个意思，所以expenditure的意思是“消耗”。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Thefindingssuggestthattheenergyuserequiredtochewalsoexplainwhywedevelopedsuchstrongteethfortheaction.Anyamountofenergylostwhilechewingfood,makesthemealalessefficientsourceofenergy,sowemustfinishtheactionassoonaspossible.(研究结果表明，咀嚼所需的能量也解释了为什么我们的牙齿如此强壮。在咀嚼食物时损失的任何能量都会使这顿饭的能量来源变得更低，所以我们必须尽快完成这个动作)”可知，这些发现表明，咀嚼造成的能量消耗也解释了为什么我们会进化出咀嚼所需的锋利的牙齿。由此推出，长锋利的牙齿是为了尽快完成咀嚼的动作，进而降低咀嚼所消耗的能量。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Itwillcontributelessthan1percentoftotaldailyenergyusebecauseofrelativelyshortdailychewingtime.(由于每天的咀嚼时间相对较短，它只占每日总能量消耗的不到1%)”可知，由于每天咀嚼的时间相对较短，每天咀嚼所消耗的能量占比小于百分之一，由此可见，DylanThompson可能认为在日常生活中，咀嚼不会消耗太多能量。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)^根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatkeepsushealthyandhappyaswegothroughlife?Theclearestmessagethatwegotfroma75-yearstudyisthis:Goodrelationshipskeepushappierandhealthier.___16___Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus,andthatlonelinesskills.Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedtoothersarehappier.___17___Onthecontrary,theexperienceoflonelinessturnsouttobeharmful.Therearesomepeoplewhoaremorelonelythantheywanttobe.Theyfindthattheyarelesshappy,theirhealthdeclinesearlierinmidlife,andtheyliveshorterlivesthanpeoplewhoarenotlonely.Andweknowthatyoucanbelonelyinacrowdandyoucanbelonelyinamarriage.Sothesecondbiglessonthatwelearnedisthatit’snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit’snotwhetherornotyou’reinacommittedrelationship,butit’sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters.___18___High-conflictmarriages,forexample,withoutmuchlove,turnouttobeverybadforourhealth.Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsisthatgoodrelationshipsdon’tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains.Itturnsoutthatbeinginasecurelyattachedrelationshipisprotective.Manypeopleareinrelationshipswheretheycangethelpfromtheotherpersonsintimesofneed.___19___So,goodandcloserelationshipsaregoodforourhealthandwell-being.___20___Thisiswisdomthat’sasoldasthehills.Now,askyourselfaquestion:Ifyouweregoingtoinvestnowinyourfuturebestself,wherewouldyouputyourtimeandyourenergy?A.Thesepeople’smemoriesstaysharperandlonger.B.We’velearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.C.Thatistosay,thegoodlifeisbuiltwithgoodrelationships.D.What’smore,they’rephysicallyhealthier,andtheylivelonger.E.Itturnsoutthatlivingintheconflictisreallybadforourhealth.F.Theywillsurprisinglyfindthatthisrelationshipcausementaldecline.G.Peoplelivinginlonelinessareeitherinsorroworterriblehealthcondition.【答案】16.B17.D18.E19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主题语境是人与社会。文章从一个方面阐释了好的社会关系让我们健康快乐。第一，社会关系让我们更快乐、身体更好。第二，良好的社会关系才能产生益处。第三，良好的社会关系不仅保护身体，还能保护大脑。所以，我们应该考虑一个问题：我们应该把时间和精力投资在何处？【16题详解】根据第二段的“Thefirstisthatsocialconnectionsarereallygoodforus（第一，社会关系对我们真的很好）”，第三段“Sothesecondbiglessonthatwelearnedisthatit’snotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhave,andit’snotwhetherornotyou’reinacommittedrelationship,butit’sthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters（因此，我们学到的第二个重要事情是，重要的不仅仅是你有多少朋友，也不是你是否处于一段忠诚的关系中，而是你亲密关系的质量）”，第四段的“Andthethirdbiglessonthatwelearnedaboutrelationshipsisthatgoodrelationshipsdon’tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains（我们从人际关系中学到的第三个重要事情是，良好的人际关系不仅能保护我们的身体，还能保护我们的大脑）”可知，下文要从三个方面来阐释社会关系。B选项中“threebiglessons”与之相对应，故选B项。【17题详解】根据上文“Itturnsoutthatpeoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedtoothersarehappier（事实证明，与他人社会关系更密切的人更幸福）”和后文“Onthecontrary,theexperienceoflonelinessturnsouttobeharmful（相反，孤独的经历是有害的）”可知，前后内容相反，该空处应该进一步说明，有更多社会联系的好处。故选D项。【18题详解】根据后一句“High-conflictmarriages,forexample,withoutmuchlove,turnouttobeverybadforourhealth（例如，没有太多爱的高冲突婚姻对我们的健康非常不利）”可知，在举例子说明，生活中的冲突对我们的健康不好，E选项“livingintheconflictisreallybadforourhealth”与之相符，故选E项。【19题详解】根据上文“Itturnsoutthatbeinginasecurelyattachedrelationshipisprotective（处在安稳的关系中对人是有保护作用的）”和“Manypeopleareinrelationshipswheretheycangethelpfromtheotherpersonsintimesofneed（许多人处于一种关系中，他们可以在需要时从其他人那里获得帮助）可知，A选项的“Thesepeople”就是代指上文的“manypeople”，A选项的“memoriesstaysharperandlonger”又和本段的“thatgoodrelationshipsdon’tjustprotectourbodies,theyprotectourbrains”中的“protectourbrains”相呼应。故选A项。【20题详解】根据该空的前一句话“So,goodandcloserelationshipsaregoodforourhealthandwell-being（因此，良好而亲密的关系有利于我们的健康和幸福）”可知，C项是对上一句话的总结和深化。C选项中的“goodrelationships”与之相对应，故选C项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Once,therewasasmall,unkeptandratherpoorvillage.Peoplehadtoworkhardto____21____themselves.____22____thereweremadeoutofstoneandwood.Theywerevery____23____down,andcouldcollapse(倒塌)atanysecond.Johnnylivedinsucha____24____housewithhisoldgrandma.Hehaddreamedtomovetoabigcityhehadnever____25____before.AllofJohnny’sfriendshadleftforalong____26____inbigcities.OnlyJohnny,whowas____27____allsummerlong,andcouldn’tevengotothenearest____28____foramoment.Johnny____29____walkedintothewoodenhutandsankontothemuddybrownsofa.“Areyouokay,dear?”Hisgrandmaasked.“No!”Johnny____30____,“Myfriendsarealltakingtripstoothercities,evencountries,andI’m____31____inthisplace!”Johnny’sGrandmawas____32____.“Johnny,”shebegan.Immediately,Johnny____33____,“I’mgoingtomyroom!”Hethenbolted(冲)towardshisroom.Oneday,Johnny____34____up.Hewalkedoutsidetolookatthegoldensun____35____overthehorizon,standingfirmagainsttheoceanandbluesky.Soonafter,hisgrandmawentovertostandnearJohnny.“Listen,Johnny,’’she____36____.“Lookattheskyandtheocean.Aren’ttheysplendid?Youwon’t____37____theminacity,wouldyou?”Justthen,afewwolfcubs(幼崽)couldbe____38____attheendofthevillage.“Seethosewolfcubs?Aren’ttheyso____39____?Idon’tthinkyouwouldfindthemcrawlingaroundabigcity.”ThismadeJohnny____40____howbeautifullifeis,andhe’sluckytoevenliveinavillage.21.A.remind B.support C.enjoy D.behave22.A.Roads B.Fences C.Houses D.Temples23.A.worn B.torn C.pulled D.taken24.A.brick B.plastic C.icy D.wooden25A.visited B.imagined C.described D.introduced26.A.gathering B.treatment C.ceremony D.vacation27.A.curious B.regretful C.bored D.amused28.A.city B.ocean C.farm D.village29.A.unbelievably B.unhappily C.unexpectedly D.unconsciously30.A.brokedown B.passeddown C.pointedout D.burstout31.A.interested B.absorbed C.stuck D.involved32.A.disappointed B.shocked C.inspired D.ashamed33.A.interrupted B.continued C.insisted D.disappeared34.A.grew B.turned C.gave D.woke35.A.landing B.wandering C.rising D.burning36.A.recalled B.announced C.shouted D.complained37.A.share B.draw C.find D.miss38.A.bought B.spotted C.raised D.rejected39.A.wonderful B.pitiful C.fierce D.respectful40.A.remember B.imagine C.suspect D.realize【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.D27.C28.A29.B30.D31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C36.B37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个相当贫穷，破旧不堪小村庄，有一个年轻的少年Johnny，他和老奶奶住在一间木屋里。Johnny曾梦想搬到一个更大的城市。有一天奶奶的话让Johnny意识到，生活是多么美好，他很幸运能住在一个村庄里。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们不得不努力工作来养活自己。A.remind提醒；B.support养活；C.enjoy喜欢，享受；D.behave表现，表现得体。根据前文“Once,therewasasmall,unkeptandratherpoorvillage.(从前，有一个很小的、无人看管的、相当贫穷的村庄)”可知这个村庄很穷，人们得努力工作来养活他们自己。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里的房子是用石头和木头建造的。A.Roads道路；B.Fences栅栏；C.Houses房屋；D.Temples寺庙。根据下文“Johnnylivedinsucha____4____house”可知，那里的房子是由石头和木头盖的。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们破旧不堪，随时都有可能倒塌。A.worn磨损；B.torn撕碎；C.pulled拉；D.taken取，拿。根据后文“couldcollapse(倒塌)atanysecond”可知，这些房子破旧了，随时都可能倒塌。动词短语weardown意为“（使）磨损”。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Johnny和他的老奶奶就住在这样一间木屋里。A.brick似砌的；B.plastic塑料的；C.icy冰冷的；D.wooden木制的。根据前文“madeoutofstoneandwood”和后文“Johnny____9____walkedintothewoodenhut”可知，Johnny和奶奶住在这样一个木头房子里。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他曾梦想搬到一个他从未去过的大城市去。A.visited拜访，参观；B.imagined想象；C.described描述；D.introduced介绍。根据下文语境“andcouldn’tevengotothenearest____8____foramoment”可知，Johnny梦想搬到他以前从来没有拜访过的大城市。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Johnny所有的朋友都到大城市去度长假了。A.gathering聚集；B.treatment治疗，对待；C.ceremony典礼，仪式；D.vacation假期。根据下文“Myfriendsarealltakingtripstoothercities(我的朋友们都去别的城市旅行了)”可知，Johnny的朋友们去了大城市度假。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有Johnny，他整个夏天都很无聊，甚至暂时不能去最近的城市。A.curious好奇的；B.regretful后悔的；C.bored无聊的；D.amused好笑的，逗乐的。结合语境可知，Johnny无法出去度假，所以Johnny整个暑假都感觉很无聊。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.city城市；B.ocean海洋；C.farm农场；D.village村庄。根据前文“Hehaddreamedtomovetoabigcityhehadnever____5____before.”可知，Johnny甚至没有去过最近的城市。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Johnny不高兴地走进小木屋，一屁股坐在满是泥的棕色沙发上。A.unbelievably难以置信地；B.unhappily不高兴地；C.unexpectedly出乎意料地；D.unconsciously无意识地。根据前后文语境可知Johnny郁闷地走进小屋，一屁股坐在棕色沙发上。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“不！”Johnny突然大声喊：“我的朋友们都到别的城市，甚至别的国家去旅行了，而我却被困在这个地方！”A.brokedown分解，出故障；B.passeddown流传；C.pointedout指出；D.burstout突然激动地喊叫。根据Johnny所说的话可知，Johnny是大声叫喊着说的。故选D。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.interested感兴趣的；B.absorbed专心致志的；C.stuck被困住的；D.involved卷入的。根据语境和Johnny的情绪可知，Johnny觉得自己被困在这个小地方。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Johnny的奶奶很震惊。A.disappointed失望的；B.shocked震惊的；C.inspired受鼓舞的；D.ashamed羞耻的。根据语境和Johnny的情绪以及下文奶奶向Johnny描述农村生活的美好可知，奶奶对于Johnny的话感到很震惊。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Johnny立刻打断她，说：“我要回我的房间去！”A.interrupted打断；B.continued继续；C.insisted坚持；D.disappeared消失。根据“shebegan”及后文“I’mgoingtomyroom!”可知，奶奶刚开始说话就被Johnny打断。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，Johnny醒了。A.grew长大；B.turned转变；C.gave给；D.woke醒来。根据后文“Hewalkedoutsidetolookatthegoldensun____15____overthehorizon,standingfirmagainsttheoceanandbluesky.”可知，此处是指Johnny早上醒来。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走到外面，看着金色的太阳从地平线上冉冉升起，挺立在大海和蓝天的映衬下。A.landing着陆；B.wandering漫步，徘徊；C.rising上升；D.burning燃烧。根据语境可知，早晨的太阳是从地平线升起。故选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“听着，Johnny，”她郑重地说。A.recalled回忆；B.announced宣布；C.shouted喊叫；D.complained抱怨。根据语境可知奶奶跟Johnny郑重地说。这里announce意为“郑重地说”。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你在城市里是找不到的，对吧？A.share分享；B.draw画，描绘；C.find发现，找到；D.miss错过。结合语境及下文“Idon’tthinkyouwouldfindthemcrawlingaroundabigcity.(我想你不会在大城市里找到他们)”可知，此处是奶奶向Johnny描述村庄的一些美丽景象，指在城市看不到这些景象，故选C。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，在村庄的尽头可以看到几只小狼崽。A.bought购买；B.spotted看见；C.raised提高；D.rejected拒绝。根据下文“Seethosewolfcubs?”可知，在村庄的尽头可以看到几只小狼崽，故选B。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们难道不令人惊奇吗？A.wonderful令人惊奇的，令人赞叹的；B.pitiful可怜的，令人同情的；C.fierce凶猛的，猛烈的；D.respectful尊敬的，恭敬的。根据上文“Aren’ttheysplendid?(它们难道不壮观吗？)”可