2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案篇

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2023年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Shewondered（

）shecouldhavetheopportunitytospend（

）here（

）shecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.问题1选项A.if;sometime;sothatB.how;sometime;sothatC.when;sometimes;sothatD.if;sometime;suchthat2.单选题FarmlandinpartsofJapanisnolongersafebecauseofhighlevelsofradiationinthesoil,scientistshavewarned,asthecountrystrugglestorecoverfromtheFukushimaatomicdisaster.Ateamofinternationalresearcherssaidfoodproductionwouldlikelybe"severelyimpaired"bytheelevatedlevelsofcaesium（放射性铯）foundinsoilsamplesacrosseasternFukushimainthewakeofmeltdownsatthetsunami-hitplant.Thestudysuggestsfarminginneighboringareasmayalsosufferbecauseofradiation,althoughlevelsdiscoveredtherewerewithinlegallimits."Fukushimaareaasawholeishighlypolluted,*'especiallytothenorthwestofthenuclearpowerplant,theresearcherssaid.Thestudylookedatcaesium-137,whichhasahalf-lifeof30yearsandthereforeaffectstheenvironmentfordecades.Thelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoilwherericeisgrownofthesumofcaesium-134andcaesium-137,whicharealwaysproducedtogether,is5,000becquerelsperkilograminJapan.‘TheeastFukushimaareaexceededthislimitandsomeneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"thestudysaid."EstimatedandobservedpollutioninthewesternpartsofJapanwerenotasserious,eventhoughsomeareaswerelikelyaffectedtosomeextent,"itadded."Concentrationintheseareasarebelow25becquerelsperkilogram,whichisfarbelowthethresholdforfarming.However,westronglyrecommendeachareatoquicklycarryoutsomesupplementarysoilsamplingsatcitylevelstovalidateourestimates."Thestudysaid‘foodproductionineasternFukushimaareaislikelyseverelyimpairedbythecaesium-137loadsofmorethan2,500becquerelsperkilogram’.ThestudywasledbyTeppeiYasunarioftheUniversitiesSpaceResearchAssociationintheUSstateofMaryland.Heandhisteamuseddailyobservationsin.eachJapaneseareaandcomputer-simulatedparticledispersion,modelsbasedonweatherpatterns.JapanhasbeenonalertfortheimpactofradiationsinceanearthquakeandresultingtsunamistruckthenortheastofthecountryonMarch11,damagingtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplant.Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementiscorrect?2.Fukushimaatomicdisaster’sdirectcauseis（

）.3.Theradiationdidn’tgointo（

）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichattitudedoestheJapanesehave?问题1选项A.Japanesefarmlandisnolongersafebecauseoftheneighboringfarmlandishighlypolluted.B.Theconcentrationsinsoilofthesumofcaesium.-134andcaesium-137cannotexceed5,000becquerelsperkilogram.C.Miyagi,TochigiandIbarakiareasexceedthelegallimitforconcentrationsinsoil.D.Japaneseconsumersfromaffectedregionsdon’tworryaboutthepotentialhealtheffectsofthefoodatall.问题2选项A.thefallingoftheFukushimaDaiichinuclearpowerplantB.thehurricaneC.thefoodproductionis“severelyimpaired’D.notmentioned问题3选项A.theoceanB.theairC.thecoolingsystemD.thefoodchain问题4选项A.Angry.B.Worried.C.Scared.D.Unconcerned.3.翻译题Scientistsstudytheworldinwhichwelive.Theydothisbycuriosityandtheycanbecomeexciteduponmakingnoveldiscoveriesandbyfindingmeanstoexplainyetunsolvedquestions.Butscientistsarenormallynotselfish;theyliketosharetheirexcitementwithotherpeople.Theypublishtheirfindingssothatthesebecomewidelyaccessibletoallthoseinterested.Infact,theycommunicatetheirresultsalsointheirowninterest.Scientistsareeagertotalkwithotherscientistsworkingonthesameandsimilarproblems.Byexchangingresultsandideas,theyhaveabetterchanceofsuccessandtheycanreachtheirgoalmorerapidly.Mostoftentheobjectivesoftheirstudy,beingitinthefieldsofphysics,chemistryorbiology,sharethesamepropertiesanywhereintheworld.ThelawsofnaturearethesameinEuropeandinChina.Forthissimplereasonthedialoguebetweenscientistsdoesnotstopatpoliticalborders.Whereverintheworldascientistfindsacolleagueexploringthesameproblem,anexchangeoftheirknowledgecanhelpthemtoadvancetheirstudies.Forthesereasonsinternationalcollaborationbetweenscientistsisflourishing.Thereareagreatmanypeoplewhohaveallthematerialconditionsofhappiness,i.e.healthandasufficientincome,andwho,nevertheless,areprofoundlyunhappy.Insuchcasesitwouldseemasifthefaultmustliewithawrongtheoryastohowtolive.Inonesense,wemaysaythatanytheoryastohowtoliveiswrong.Weimagineourselvesmoredifferentfromtheanimalsthanweare.Animalsliveonimpulse,andarehappyaslongasexternalconditionsarefavorable.Ifyouhaveacat,itwillenjoylifeifithasfoodandwarmthandopportunitiesforanoccasionalnightonthetiles.Yourneedsaremorecomplexthanthoseofyoucat,buttheystillhavetheirbasisininstinct.Incivilizedsocieties,especiallyinEnglish-speakingsocieties,thisistooapttobeforgotten.Peopleproposetothemselvessomeparamountobjective,andrestrainallimpulsesthatdonotministertoit.4.单选题Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesarcathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren;“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread,sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseeksgrasp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”1.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?2.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof（

）.3.TheviewsofRavitcliandEmersononschoolingare（

）.

4.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably（

）.问题1选项A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.问题2选项A.undervaluingintellectB.favoringintellectualismC.supportingschoolreformD.suppressingnativeintelligence问题3选项A.identicalB.similarC.complementaryD.opposite问题4选项A.apioneerofeducationreformB.anopponentofintellectualismC.ascholarinfavorofintellectD.anadvocateofregularschooling5.单选题Thegeneralpublicdidn'tcareaboutthetrialandsowas（

）abouttheverdict.问题1选项A.enragedB.apatheticC.suspiciousD.saddened6.单选题A(n)（

）testisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearning,particularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredatschool.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.intelligenceC.psychologyD.speed7.单选题Wehavejustlocateda（

）avenueforthesaleofyourgoods.问题1选项A.prospectiveB.perspectiveC.respectiveD.protective8.单选题Itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenthethingsthatcharismaticfiguresdo（

）andthosethatarecarefullycontrivedforeffect.问题1选项A.formallyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.willfully9.单选题Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation,butthegesturesthataccompanyspeechareasurprisinglyneglectedarea.ItissometimesjokinglysaidthatthewaytorenderanItalianspeechlessistotiehiswriststogether,butalmosteveryonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.SusanGoldin-MeadowoftheUniversityofChicago,however,studiesgesturescarefully-andnotoutofidlecuriosity.Introspectionsuggeststhatgesturingnotonlyhelpspeoplecommunicatebutalsohelpsthemtothink.Shesetouttotestthis,andspecificallytofindoutwhethergesturesmightbeusedasanaidtochildren’slearning.Itturnsout,asshetoldtheAAAS,thattheycan.Theexperimentsheconductedinvolvedbalancingequations.Presentedwithanequationof2+3+4=x+4writtenonablackboard,achildisaskedtocalculatethevalueofx.IntheequationsDr.Goldin-Meadowalwaysmadethelastnumberontheleftthesameasthelastontheright;soxwasthesumofthefirsttwonumbers.Commonly,however,childrenwhoarelearningarithmeticwilladdallthreeofthenumbersonthelefttoarriveatthevalueofx.InherpreviousworkDr.Goldin-Meadowhadnotedthatchildrenoftenusespontaneousgestureswhenexplaininghowtheysolvemathematicalpuzzles,sotoseeifthesehand-movementsactuallyhelpachildtothink,oraremerelydescriptive,shedividedagroupofchildrenintotwoandaskedthemtobalanceequations.Onegroupwasaskedtogesturewhiledoingso.Asecondwasaskednotto.Bothgroupswerethengivenalessoninhowtosolveproblemsofthissort.AsDr.Goldin-Meadowsuspected,thefirstgrouplearntmorefromthelessonthanthesecond.Byobservingtheirgesturessherefinedtheexperiment.Often,achildwouldtouchorpointtothefirsttwonumbersontheleftwiththefirsttwofingersofonehand.DrGoldin-Meadowthereforetaughtthisgestureexplicitlytoanothergroupofchildrenor,rather,shetaughtathirdofthem,taughtanotherthirdtopointtothesecondandthirdnumbersthiswayandtoldtheremaindertousenogestures.Whenallweregiventhesamelessonitwasfoundthosegesturing“correctly”learntthemost.Butthosegesturing“incorrectly’stilloutperformedthenon-gesturers.Gesturing,therefore,clearlydoeshelpthought.Indeed,itissothought-provokingthateventhewronggestureshavesomevalue.1.WhydoesSusanGoldin-Meadowcarryoutsuchastudy?2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?3.AccordingtoSusan’sstudy,childrenwholeantheleastmaybe（

）.4.Thelastsentenceofthistextprobablymeans（

）.问题1选项A.Totestgesturingonlyhelpspeoplecommunicate.B.TotestgesturingonlyhelpspeopletothinkC.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicateandthink.D.Totestgesturinghelpspeoplecommunicatenottothink.问题2选项A.Humanlanguageisthesubjectofendlessscientificinvestigation.B.Beingone’swriststogetherisanItalianwaytoshowspeechless.C.Everyonemovestheirhandsinmeaningfulwayswhentheytalk.D.Gesturesaccompanyingspeecharenotstudiestopeople’scontent.问题3选项A.thosewhomakenogesturesB.thosewhogesturecorrectlyC.thosewhogesturewronglyD.thosewhomakenogesturesandgesturewrongly问题4选项A.correctgesturinginsteadofwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning.B.correctgesturingtogetherwithwronggesturingisinspiringinlearningC.nogesturingismoreinspiringinlearningthanwronggesturingD.neithernogesturingnorwronggesturingisinspiringinlearning10.单选题Thenewshippingandreceivingbuildingisa(n)（

）facility,largeenoughtomeetourgrowingneeds.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.meagerC.expansiveD.costly第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法、词语辨析与原因状语从句用法。第一个空格后接一个完整句子，不缺少其他成分，因此空格处词语引导一个从句，加上空格前的wonder可知此处应填if，表示“她想知道是否有机会……”；第二空前spend“花（时间、金钱）”，说明空格处需要填入名词，sometimes“有时”，为副词，sometime“一段时间”符合用法；第三空，suchthat连用时such是代词用法，sothat“所以；因此；以便”可引导结果状语，本句表示“她想知道是否有机会在这儿呆上一段时间，以便多了解这座城市”。A选项符合题意。2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.A选项表达太绝对，排除，C选项根据第二段‘someneighboringareassuchasMiyagi,TochigiandIbarakiarepartiallyclosetothelimitunderourupper-boundestimate,"确定是’接近于‘不是’超过‘所以排除，D选项根据最后一段’ShipmentsofanumberoffarmproductsfromtheaffectedregionswerestoppedandeventhosethatwerenotsubjecttoofficialcontrolshavefoundlittlefavorwithJapaneseconsumerscautiousofthepotentialhealtheffects.来自受影响地区的一些农产品已被停止发货，即便是那些不受官方控制的农产品，也没有得到日本消费者的青睐，他们担心这些农产品可能对健康造成影响。确定与原文不符，排除，所以B选项正确。2.文章第一段提到Fukushimaatomicdisaster，但是全文并没有提及原因，所以D选项符合题意。3.根据文章倒数第二段最后一句‘Itscoolingsystemswereknockedofflineandreactorsweresentintomeltdown,resultingintheleakingofradiation,intotheair,oceansandfoodchain.破坏的福岛核电站反应堆冷却系统是把线下和被派往崩溃,导致辐射泄漏,进入空气,海洋和食物链。可知ABD选项正确，C选项没有提及，选择C。4.通过阅读全文以及最后一段，可以知道日本人对这个问题是担心的，所以B选项符合题意。3.【答案】科学家研究我们居住的这个世界。他们受好奇心驱使，当有新发现、发现方法来解释那些未解之谜时他们会变得兴奋。科学家一般都不自私，他们乐于将喜悦分享给他人。他们将自己的发现出版，这样全世界对此有兴趣的人都能接触到。事实上，他们交流结果也是为了自己。科学家们渴望与其他研究相同和类似问题的同行交流。通过交换结果和想法，他们成功的机会更大，能更快达到目标。通常他们研究的目标大部分是属于物理、化学或者生物领域的，这些在世界上任何地方都有相同的特质。欧洲和中国的自然规律都是一样的。正是这个原因使得科学家之间的对话不会为政治界限所阻。只要科学家发现有同行在研究同一个问题，无论在世界何处，交换各自的知识就能帮助对方推进研究。由于这些原因，科学家之间的国际合作蓬勃发展。很多人具备所有快乐的条件，比如健康以及足够的收入，但是他们却并不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题出在生活理论的错误上。在某个意义上，我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是错误的。我们和动物的区别并没有想象中的大。动物的生活是冲动性的，只要外部条件合适，它们就会很快乐。如果你有一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，晚上偶尔有机会出去玩，它就会很快乐。你的需求远比你的猫的要复杂，但还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，尤其是在讲英语的国家，这一点很容易被人遗忘。人们给自己提出一个至高无上的目标，并抑制一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动。4.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“美国家长期望他们的孩子在学校学到什么”。文章第一段第二句提到“甚至我们送孩子去学习知识的学校也不是为了求知”（Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge），可知美国家长送孩子去学校的目的是培养实践能力，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中我们可以知美国有过一段怎样的历史”。文章第二段第一句话提到“教育作家提出，学校一直处于一个重视实际而轻视才智的社会中”（“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”,sayseducationwriterDianeRavitcli），选项A“轻视才智”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“Ravitch和Emerson关于学校的观点……”。文章第五段第一句话提到爱默生和其他一些超经验主义者认为学校和严格的书本学习禁锢了学生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可见爱默生是不认可所谓的才智主义；文章第二段提到了Ravitcli关于教育的观点，他认为学校应该平衡“实践能力与才智教育”，不能一味重视实践能力，由此可以看书Ravitcli是重视才智的。由此可以看出，这两位的观点是相反的，选项D符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可以得知，爱默生可能……”。文章第五段第一句话提到爱默生和其他一些超经验主义者认为学校和严格的书本学习禁锢了学生（RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren），由此可知爱默生是反对才智主义的，选项B符合题意。5.【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。enraged“激怒，暴怒”；apathetic“冷淡的，无兴趣的”；suspicious“可疑的，猜疑的”；sadden“悲哀的，可悲的”；根据句意‘公众不关心审判，也对判决结果（

）。’确定B选项正确。6.【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：智力测试是对儿童学习能力的大致评估，尤其是对学校所要求的科目的学习能力。proficiency“熟练度”；intelligence“智力”；ps