专题非谓语动词备战年高考英语精选考点突破精美

非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。一、非谓语动词的各种形式非谓语动词

主动形式被动形式动词-ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone过去分词done二、非谓语动词的句法功能1.动词-ing形式和不定式作主语和宾语★作主语用法不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作动词-ing形式一般或抽象的多次性的动作★作宾语1）常跟不定式作宾语的动词：

2）常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：agree,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,intend,learn,plan,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,threaten,wishadmit,dislike,appreciate,avoid,enjoy,bear,escape,stand,deny,consider,mind,miss,finish,resist,imagine,risk,practice,suggest3）有些动词既可以跟动词-ing形式，又可以跟不定式做宾语，但意义有所区别。这类动词有：

remember,forget,regret,stop,try,mean。4）need,want,require既可以用动词-ing形式也可用不定式作宾语，但用法不同。用法Sb.need(s)/want(s)todosth.sth.need(s)/want(s)/require(s)+doing/tobedone（主动形式表被动意义）5）无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语，一

般情况下都要用动词-ing形式作宾语。2.非谓语动词作定语1）不定式作定语a.作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如：

ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.Itwasagametoremember.b.名词前有only,last,next，序数词或形容词的最高级时，且名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，其后常用不定式作定语。如：

Ritawastheonlypersontocomplain.HewasthefirstmantoflyacrosstheAtlantic.Alexisthebestmantodothejob.c.有些名词的同根动词后常跟不定式作宾语，因而这些名词后也常跟不定式作定语。常见的有：wish,decision,refusal,arrangement,intention,agreement,hope,need,plan,promise,failure,attempt,offer,warning。如：Theiroffertoassistintheworkwasnottakenseriously.

（比较：Theyofferedtoassistinthework.）d.有些名词常用不定式作定语说明其内容。chance,opportunity,reason,way,effort,measure,movement,power,right,skill,strength,struggle,idea如：Hehasastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.2）动词-ing形式作定语及物动词-ing形式作定语被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系，v-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.不及物动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行Thewomansendingherchildrentoschoolismyhistoryteacher.3）过去分词作定语及物动词done被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表示动作已经完成或表状态Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.不及物动词过去分词表示动作已经完成We’vemetthedoctorssenttoworkherebythecityhospital.4）有些表示感觉的动词，其动词-ing形式表示“令人……的”，过去分词形式表示“感到……的”，如：exciting和excited。类别用法例句不定式用来说明主语的具体内容。Yourtasktodayistowashthecurtains.动词-ing形式多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；表特征，意为“令人……的”Hisfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.Thefilmisexciting.过去分词表心里状态，意为“感到……的”Hewasexcitedatthenews.3.非谓语动词作表语4.非谓语动词作状语1）不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果等。不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only+不定式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。如：

Afriendofminecametoseemetonight.Ijumpedwithjoytohearit.Alanliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.2）动词-ing形式或过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，其前可加连词while,when,once,if,unless等。如：

Crossingthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyacar.

Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom.Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleftleg.Seenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriend,Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.Agroupofchildrenweresittingaroundtheteahcer,playinggames.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.5.非谓语动词作补语1）用不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish,waitfor,callon,dependon2）感官动词和使役动词后常接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但用于被动语态时，需把to补出来。如：

SomeonesawMaryenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.Marywasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted.另外，感官动词后也可接动词-ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。如：OnceinthemiddleofthenightIwokeandheardthewindblowing.三、非谓语动词独立结构非谓语动词可有其独立的逻辑主语。这种逻辑主语常常是名词或代词，置于非谓语动词之前，二者构成非谓语动词独立结构。这种独立结构常用作状语。如：

Lotsofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayathomeallday.Theaudiencehavingseatedthemselves,theconcertbegan.Thetaskcompleted,wehadaglobaltraveling.1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4______(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020年新

课标全国卷I)2.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout________(find)thewell-knownpainter.…Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020年新课标全国卷III)tofindtofindsurrounding3.ChineseNewYearisacelebrationmarkingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth________(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:comingOranges:Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.…Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy_________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(2020年新课标全国卷II)decoratedtocare4.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor__________(walk)througharainforest.(2020年全国新高考I卷)5.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology___________(change)lives.…Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons,plantingattherighttimeandindryareas,__________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020浙江卷)walkingtochangemaking6.Modernmethodsfortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive__________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.

Scientistshaverespondedby______(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,…(2019·新课标Ⅰ卷)toperformnoting7.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for

_______(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.(2019·新课标Ⅱ卷)beingtoretiresaying8.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'gradesimprovedalittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant________(wear)theuniform.

(2019·浙江卷)towear9.Nervously______(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”。(2019北京卷)facing

10.________theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019江苏卷)A.ToenjoyB.EnjoyingC.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy11._____tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.（2019天津卷）A.Learn

B.LearnedC.Learning

D.HavinglearnedAC12.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially_____tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.

（2019天津卷）A.designed

B.designingC.todesign

D.beingdesignedAI.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。1.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________(call)myname?2.Theythreatened________(kill)himunlesshedidastheyasked.3.Thereareabout200children________(study)inthisartschool.callingtokillstudying4.Lucy’s________(turn)upatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.5.Ihadknockedonthedoorforalongtimebutitremained________(close).6.Myfatherwassobusythatalltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor________(lock).7.Istillremember____________(take)totheScienceMuseumforthefirsttimewhenIwasalittlegirl.turningclosedlockedbeingtaken8.Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,only________(tell)thatitwasbeingdecorated.9.Although________(repeat)hiswordsmanytimes,theteacherstillcouldn’tmakethegirlunderstandwhathemeant.10.WhenIwentbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor________(say)“Sorrytohavemissedyou.Iwillcalllater.”tobetoldrepeatingsayingII.选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__________(carryout,carriedout)thenextyear.2.________(Found,Founded)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.3.Therewasterriblenoise________(following,followed)thesuddenburstoflight.4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________(make,making)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.carriedoutFoundedfollowingmaking5.Paulcan’tattendtheparty_________(tobeheld,beingheld)atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingforanimportantspeech.6.Thewayyouthoughtof________(solving,tosolve)themathproblemwasgreatlycreative.7.Thefirsttextbooks________(written,tobewritten)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.beingheldtosolvewritten8.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_______________(persuading,beingpersuaded)intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.9.Thequestion______________(tobediscussed,beingdiscussed)nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion________(todiscuss,discussed)yesterday.beingpersuadedbeingdiscusseddiscussed10.________(Havingbeenseparated,Separating)fromthecontinentsformillionsofyears,theislandhasmanyplantsandanimalsthatcannotbefoundanywhereelseintheworld.___________________________________III.用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。AAnoldmangoestohisdoctor,1.___________(complain)aboutapaininhislegthatdoesn’theal,

andwantsadiagnosis(诊断)andexplanation.Thedoctorchecksouthisleg,only2.________(find)everythingright.3.________(give)theoldguyafullphysicalexam,thedoctorstillcan’tcomeupwithanypossibleexplanationforthepain.complainingtofindGiving4.________(hand)thepatienthisbill,thedoctorsays,“I’msorrybutthepaininyourlegissimplycausedbyoldage;there’snothingIcandoaboutit.”5.__________(surprise),theoldmananswers,“That’simpossible!Thatcan’tbe!”Thedoctorsays,“Whatdoyoumeanby6.________(say)that?I’mtheexperthere;ifyouknowsomuch,howcanyousayit’snotoldage?”HandingSurprisedsayingThepatientanswers,“Honestly7.________(speak),