2021高三统考人教英语（经典版）学案第一部分Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析Unit3Inventorsandinventions基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1。stainlessadj。无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的2。cuben。立方体；立方3。validadj.有效的；确凿的4。dynamicadj。充满活力的;精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的5.competencen。能力；胜任；本领6。personneln。人力资源；人事部；全体人员Ⅱ.汉译英1。patentn。专利证书；专利权2.ripeadj。熟的；成熟的3。rainfalln.降雨4。jamn.堵塞；阻塞；果酱5.versionn.版本；译本高频应用1.tapvt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲n.轻轻地敲击（声);水龙头2.seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺3.stableadj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的4。productn.产品5。filen。文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档6。bearvt。忍受；忍耐；负担7。dialvt.拨（电话）8.abruptadj。突然的；意外的9.merryadj.愉快的；高兴的拓展变形1.distinguish（vi。＆vt.）显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished(adj。）杰出的；著名的→distinguishment(n。)区别2。merciful（adj。）宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless(adj。)残忍的；无情的→mercy（n.)宽大;仁慈3.convenient(adj.）便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience(n.）便利；方便→inconvenient(反义词）(adj。)不方便的；引起麻烦的4.caution(n.）小心；谨慎→cautious（adj.）小心的；谨慎的→cautiously（adv.)小心地;谨慎地5.expectation(n.）预料；期待;期望→expect(v.）预料；期待；期望；认为→unexpected(adj.）未预料到的6.passive(adj。)被动的；消极的；被动语态的→active（反义词)（adj.)积极的7。criterion（n。）（评判的)标准；尺度→criteria(pl。)标准8。freezing（adj.)冰冻的；严寒的→frozen(adj。）冷冻的;结冰的→freeze(vi.）冰冻；结冰（vt.9。innocent(adj。）清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence（n。）天真；清白10.recognition(n.）认出;认可；承认→recognize（vt。11.occasionally(adv。）偶然地；不时地→occasional(adj。）偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasion（n。)时机,机会;场合12。current(n.）（水或气）流；电流(adj。）现在的;当前的→currently（adv。)现时；当前→currency（n。)流行;通用;通货;货币13.associate(vt。)联想；联系(n.)同伴；伙伴→association(n14。practical（adj.）实际的;实践的;实用的→impractical(反义词）（adj.）不切实际的；不现实的→practise(v。)练习→practice(n。）练习；实践1.三个特殊的名词单复数①标准criterion（单数)，criteria（复数）②媒体medium（单数），media（复数)③细菌bacterium（单数）,bacteria(复数)2.含“rain”的合成词①rainfalln。降雨量②raindropn。雨滴③rainwatern。雨水④rainbown。彩虹⑤rainstormn。暴风雨⑥rainforestn。雨林⑦raincoatn。雨衣3。后缀。ive形容词①passive被动的②active主动的③positive积极的④negative消极的⑤subjective主观的⑥expensive昂贵的一动词＋介/副词1.callup给……打电话2。setabout开始；着手3.diveinto迅速把手伸入；一心投入4。setout（todo）开始(做）5.setabout(doing）开始(做)6。hangon不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7.getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话）；(设法)做完；通过；度过8.ringback回复电话9.ringoff挂断电话二其他10。nowandthen偶尔;有时11。out_oforder违反规程的;发生故障1。“v。＋into"结构的短语荟萃①diveinto一心投入②burstinto突然闯入③runinto撞上④lookinto调查⑤knockinto撞上⑥breakinto破门而入⑦lookinto调查2.接打电话的常用动词短语①call/ring/phonesb。(up）给……打电话makeaphone/telephonecalltosb.给……打电话②pickupthetelephone接电话③holdon等一等，别挂电话④answerthephone接电话call/ringback回电话returnone’scall回电话⑤ringoff挂断电话hangup挂断（电话)hangon不挂断；稍等getthrough设法联系上（尤指打通电话)________________________________________________1.thereseemstobe...“好像有……”ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme，butthere_only_seemed_to_be（看来只有)powdersdesignedtokillsnakes。(教材P20）2。“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition(只有在已得到这种认可之后)canyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor。（教材P21)3.否定词nor置于句首时主句要部分倒装Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until(你才能获得专利，直到）asearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.(教材P21）4.It’samatterof...“这是……的问题”Nowit’s_a_matter_of（只是)waitingandhoping.(教材P21)5.everytime“每次……”引导时间状语从句Every_time（每次）youdoyouwillbecertaintofindsomethingthatyouhaveneverseenbefore.(教材P25)6.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句Follow_it_up(跟随它)，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.（教材P25）单句语法填空1.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyself________inventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem。答案：by2。Isetabout________(research)thehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.答案：researching3.Butonce________（pick)up,theytriedtobiteme.答案：picked4。Astheywere________（poison)snakes，Iclearlyneededtoimprovemydesignagain.答案：poisonous5。Thiswasintheexpectation________thesnakeswouldbiteagain.答案：that6。________(press)bymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognition...答案：Pressed7.Thecriteriaaresostrict________itisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel。答案：that8。Therearealargenumberofpatentexaminers，too,________onlyjobistoexaminewhetheryourclaimisvalidornot。答案：whose9.Itwasthisexploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspirit________ledtohismostfamousinvention-thetelephonein1876。答案：that10.Bellwasfullyaware________theimportanceofhisinvention。答案:of考点步步冲关1distinguishvt。＆vi。显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.（P20)这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。(1）distinguish。.。from.。。把……与……区分开来distinguishbetweenAandB区分A与B(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的即时练1单句语法填空①Thereissomethingaboutmusicthatdistinguishesit________allotherartforms。②TheTownHallcompletedinthe1800swasthemost________（distinguish)buildingatthattime.③Thelecturemainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhave________(distinguish）rightfromwrong。答案：①from②distinguished③distinguishing2expectationn．预料；期待；期望Thiswasintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.（P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人.(1)beyondexpectation超出预期liveuptoone’sexpectations不辜负某人的期望comeupto/meetone'sexpectations达到某人的期望（2）expectvt。&viexpectsth。/todosth。/that...期望某事/期望做某事/期望……beexpectedtodo...被期望/有望做……expectsb。todo.。.期望某人做……即时练2单句语法填空①ThebeautiesoftheWestLakeinspringwere________hisexpectation。②Manystudentsgraduatefromcollegeintheexpectation________theycansoonfindjobsinaccordancewiththeirwishes。③I'mdeterminedtogoallouttoliveuptomyparents'________(expect）．④Ourdefeat________（expect）butitwasdisappointingnevertheless。答案：①beyond②that③expectations④wasexpected一句多译人们怀着憧憬购置房产,期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。⑤Peoplebuyahouse________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.（expectation）⑥Peoplebuyahouse________________itspricewillcontinuetorisestrongly.(expect)答案:⑤intheexpectationthat⑥expectingthat3bearvt。忍受；忍耐;负担；带有；显示(标记或特征);生(孩子）Ican'tbearthesmellofburntsausageonthebarbecue。（P24)我无法忍受烧烤架上香肠的焦糊味。(1)can'tbeartodosth./doingsth。不能忍受做某事(2）bearinmindthat...＝bear/keep。。.inmind记住……(3）bearaheavyburden肩负重担beartheresponsibility/blame承担/负有责任［名师点津]bear表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。即时练3单句写作①水能载舟，亦能覆舟。Thewaterthat____________theboatisthesamethatswallowsitup。②我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。Ican't____________youngpeople______________theiryouth.③记住：成功来自于努力。____________thatsuccesscomesfromhardwork。④肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子.______________________,shehastoworkhardtobringupherchildren。答案：①bears②bear；castingaway③Bearinmind④Bearingaheavyburden4associatevt.联想；联系n.同事;伙伴Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife。(P26)虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起,但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。（1）associatesb。/sth.withsb./sth.把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事beassociatedwith。.。和……有关associatewithsb。与某人交往或打交道(2)associationn.联合;联想；交往；协会;团体inassociationwith。。。与……合伙/合作；与……相联系(3）associatedadj.关联的；联合的即时练4单句语法填空①Ialwaysassociatethesmellofthoseflowers________mychildhood.②Weareworkingin________(associate）withanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless。③Throughsciencewe'vegottheideaof________（associate）progresswiththefuture。④Manywords________（associate)withlifeintheWestareSpanishinorigin。答案：①with②association③associating④associated一句多译我们必须把这两方面考虑进去，它们都关系到学生们的安全。⑤Wemusttaketwoaspectsintoconsideration，__________________thesafetyofthestudents。（定语从句）⑥Wemusttaketwoaspectsintoconsideration，________________thesafetyofthestudents.(独立主格)答案：⑤bothofwhichareassociatedwith⑥bothofthemassociatedwith1callup给……打电话；使……回忆起教材原句WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.（P20）我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。（1)callat拜访（某个地点）callin打电话来；召来，叫来（服务）calloff取消；停止callon/upon短暂探访(某人);号召；呼吁callfor呼吁；要求;需要;去接(某人）callout大声呼叫；召集(2）ring/callback回复电话ringoff/hangup挂断电话givesb。aring/call给某人打电话(3)hang/holdon不挂断电话即时练1用call相关短语的适当形式填空①Theydecidedto________________adoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter。②Thisisaproblemthat______________animmediatesolution。③Theboyonwatchstarted________________whenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadto________________themeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicture________________mymemoriesoftheamusingexperience。⑥We______________ournewneighbour'shouselastweek。答案：①callin②callsfor③callingout④calloff⑤calls/calledup⑥calledat2getthrough接通电话；(设法)做完；用完；通过；完成教材原句Ican’tgetthrough。(P26）我打不通电话。（1)getacross传达;解释清楚getalongwithsb。与某人相处融洽getawaywithsth.携某物潜逃;不因某事受惩罚getdowntosth./doingsth.开始做某事；认真处理某事getover克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来（2）gothrough经历；检查lookthrough浏览；仔细查看livethrough经历（艰难或险境）即时练2写出下列句中getthrough的含义①Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend。________②Icouldn’tgetthroughtoherbecauseherphonewasbusyallday.________③Shefoundwritinghelpedhergetthroughtheroughdays.________④Luckily，hegotthroughtheexamandhiseffortspaidoff。________⑤Thelittleboygotthroughallhismoneyinjustoneweekandhadtoaskhismomforsomemore。________答案：①（设法)完成②打通电话③渡过④通过⑤用完用get相关短语的适当形式填空⑥Weallhopethathecan________________thefreezingwinterandgetbetter。⑦Hehasneverreally________________thelossofhiswife。⑧It’stimeyou____________________somepracticeortheotherstudentswillleaveyoubehind。⑨He’snotverygoodat_________hisideas_________.答案：⑥getthrough⑦getover⑧getdownto⑨getting；acrossFollow_it_up，_exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.（P25)翻译跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的大脑。本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型.这个祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。“祈使句＋陈述句”的其他形式为：（1）“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”结构.（2）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”(名词短语中通常含有more，another，further,earlier等词)结构。(3)“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用orelse或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果.[名师点津］此句型容易和分词作状语混淆，试比较：(1）Followtheroadroundtotherightandyou'llfindhishouse.（祈使句）(2)Followingtheroadroundtotheright，shefoundhishouse.（分词作状语)即时练单句语法填空①Givemeachance,________I'llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise。②Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome,________wemightbeout。③________（check）mycompositionagain,Ifoundsomespellingmistakes。答案：①and②otherwise/orelse/or③Checking一句多译帮我一个忙，我会感激你的。④__________________，andIwillbegratefultoyou。(祈使句)⑤__________________，Iwillbegratefultoyou.(if条件句)答案：④Domeafavour⑤Ifyoudomeafavour过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词构成被动或完成的关系。这时，相当于一个定语从句。①Themeeting，whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople，wasasuccess.（用分词改写)→Themeeting，attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess.许多人参加的这个会议很成功。2．有些不及物动词的过去分词（只限于单个分词，且不能后置)也可作定语，此时只表示完成的动作，而不表示“被动"的意义。②Wedranksomeboiledwaterandwentonwithourwork。我们喝了一些开水继续我们的工作。过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。③Whenhearingofit，weweredeeplymoved.当听到这件事的时候，我们深深地感动了。过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者.1．过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“see,hear，watch，notice，observe,feel，find,think,consider”等。④Tomfoundhimselfinvolvedinanawkwardsituation。汤姆发现自己陷入一个令人尴尬的境地。2．过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“make，have，get,keep,leave”等。⑤Wewillkeepyouinformedofwhateverhappens。我们将让你知道发生的任何事情.3．过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“want，like,wish,expect"等。⑥Hewon'tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不喜欢那样的问题在会议上被讨论。4．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中。⑦Thethiefwasbroughtin，withhishandstiedbehindhisback。这个贼被带进来,手绑在背后.即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．JohnSnow，apersonalphysicianofQueenVictoria，waswillingtohelpordinarypeople________（expose）tocholera,thedeadlydiseaseofitsday.答案:exposed2．Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts________(develop)aftergreateffort。答案：developed3．Well,hisfatherseems________(please）withhisresult.答案:pleased4．Mostofthepeople________(invite)totheconferenceweremyoldfriends。答案：invitedⅡ.单句改错1．You’dbetterhavetheroomtidying.Itisinamess。________________________________________________答案：tidying→tidied2．Someguestswereinvitedtothepartywerelatebecauseofthetrafficjam.________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个were或其前加who3．Insomelanguages，100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusingindailyconversations.________________________________________________答案：using→used4．Themanseemedquitedisappointing.________________________________________________答案：disappointing→disappointed基础达标演练Ⅰ。单句语法填空1．Hecalledme________totellmeaboutit。答案：up2．Readthisstory，________youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.答案:and3．Colour。blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttodistinguish________blueandgreen。答案：between4．Ihaven'tseenSarasinceshewasalittlegirl，andshehaschangedbeyond________（recognize)．答案：recognition5．Armedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcanset________preparingyourbusinessplan。答案:about6．Ifyouhavetocatchthefirstbuseveryday,choosethishotel。________isveryconvenientforthestation-it'sonlyatwo­minutewalk.答案：It7．Hecouldn'tbear________（bother）bytheloudnoisefromthestoresandthelightsonthestreet,sohemovedon。答案：beingbothered/tobebothered8．Havingmadetheplan,shesetout________(do)theexperiment。答案：todo9．Sorry，thereisnobodyherewiththatname。Youmust________（dial）thewrongnumber。答案：havedialled10．Thosealways________（associate)moneywithhappinessmayneverfeelhappy,fortheyarenevercontent。答案:associatingⅡ。单句改错1．Whenwesawtheroadblockingwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.________________________________________________答案：blocking→blocked2．Forgettingthepast,leavethesadnessbehind，andyou’llseethedoorofanewbrightworldopenbeforeyou。________________________________________________答案:Forgetting→Forget3．Itissocoldandfrozenthatwehavetostayathome。________________________________________________答案：frozen→freezing4．Thetelephoneisoutoftheorder;therefore，wecannotgetintouchwiththeboss。________________________________________________答案：去掉order前的the5．ItwasnotuntilshegothomewhenJenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.________________________________________________答案:when→thatⅢ。教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他