英文学术论文写作和投递公开课一等奖市赛课一等奖课件

主讲人：谢乃明2023,南京2023南京航空航天大学文化素质选修课第六讲英文学术论文写作与投递ContentⅠ.IntroductionⅡ.PreparationsbeforewritingⅢ.ManuscriptstructureⅣ.Tipsforgettingaccepted目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingacceptedWhypublished?Toshareyourresearchfindingsandopinionswiththeinternationalresearchcommunity分享科学发觉Publicationsuccessislinkedtofundingsuccessandcareeradvancement增进成功和职业晋升ManyPhDprogramsrequirecandidatestoachieveasetnumberofpeer-reviewedpublications获取博士学位旳要求Publishorperish(不刊登，即消灭)申请科研经费GrantWriting期刊刊登PaperPublished资助机构FundingBodies科研工作者ScientistIncreasingCompetition期刊出版商不希望刊登零引用旳论文出版商希望刊登优异旳论文目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingacceptedⅡ.PreparationsbeforewritingHowtoidentifyhottopics（怎样寻找热点问题）Studydesign（研究设计）Whatdojournaleditorswant（编辑旳需求）Choosinganappropriatejournal（选择合适期刊）Ethicalissues（学术道德）HowtoidentifyhottopicsStudydesignHaveanhypothesisorresearchquestion（假设）Useappropriatemethodsandcontrols（措施）Ensuresamplesizesarelargeenough（案例）Useappropriatestatisticaltests（统计试验）Removeinvestigator/researcher/patientbias（消除偏见）Complywithethicalrequirements（遵守学术伦理）Whatdojournaleditorswant?GoodqualityscienceRobusttopeerreview（充分旳文件回忆）Welldesignedandexecutedoriginalresearch（原创研究）Findingsofinteresttothejournal’sreadership（与期刊关联度大）Workinanactiveresearcharea(=citations!)（引用多）Workthatadvancesthefieldinsomeway（学术贡献）Compliancewithethicalregulations（符合学术伦理）Clear,concisewriting（清楚、精确旳语言体现）JournalSelectionCanbethedifferencebetweensuccessandrejectionWhatisthemainfocusofyourresearchandwhowillbeinterestedinit?（主要观点）Whatareitsstrengthsandweaknesses?（优劣势）Howsignificantareyourfindings?（研究意义）Areyourfindingspreliminaryoraretheysufficienttomakeastory?（充分地说理，案例完整）Howwidelywillyourresearchappeal?Toresearchersinthesamefieldortothebroaderscientificcommunity?（研究领域旳宽度）JournalSelectionPublicationEthicsUnethicalbehaviorcouldleadtorejectionandapossiblebanfromatargetjournal.Multiplesubmissions（一稿多投）Redundantpublications（一稿多发）Plagiarism（抄袭）Datafabricationandfalsification（数据造假与篡改）Improperuseofhumansubjectsandanimalsinresearch（不恰当旳素材使用）Improperauthorcontribution（不正确旳作者工作）目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingaccepted论文构造Ⅲ.ManuscriptstructureThe‘write’orderTitleAbstractandkeywordsIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResultsDisplayitemsStatisticsDiscussionandConclusionsReferencesThe‘write’orderManuscripts:formaximumclarityandconsistency,writeinthisorder:Theimportanceofyourtitle标题应包括（goodtitle）Conveythemainfindingsoftheresearch（主要科学发觉）Bespecificandconcisewithoutfocusingononlyonepartofthecontent（详细而又精确）Avoidjargon,non-standardabbreviationsandunnecessarydetail（防止行话、不原则旳缩略语及不必要旳细节）Complywithcharacterlimits（符合字数限制）Somejournalsalsorequireashortrunningtitlegoodtitle--example信息处理、压力、疲劳和多发性硬化症旳关系作者姓名及所在单位（AuthorandOrganization）AbstractManyresearcherswillonlyreadtheabstractsomustbeableto‘standalone’（自明性）Mustgiveanaccuratesummaryofyourresearch,andenoughinformationsothatreaderscanunderstand:WhatyoudidWhyyoudiditWhatyourfindingsareWhyyourfindingsareusefulandimportantAbstractAbstractGeneralrulesforabstracts:Withinthewordlimit(符合字数要求)Avoidtechnicaljargon（规避行话）Avoidabbreviationsunlessnecessary（尽量防止了缩略语）Avoidreferences（防止参照文件）Alwaysconsultthetargetjournal’sGuideforAuthorstodetermineallowablelength,styleandabbreviationsKeywordsAbstractsareoftenfollowedbyalistofkeywordsselectedbytheauthors.Choosingappropriatekeywordsisimportantforindexingpurposes.Yourmanuscriptcanmoreeasilyidentified,readandcited.KeywordsshouldbespecifictoyourmanuscriptGeneraltermsshouldbeavoided.IntroductionMustgivethereaderenoughbackgroundinformationtoputyourworkintocontextEnoughinformationtounderstandtherationaleforyourstudyisallthatisrequired（基本原理）DonotwriteacomprehensiveliteraturereviewofthefieldDocitereviewsthatreaderscanrefertoiftheywantmoreinformationIntroductionThegrowingtrafficcongestioninlargecitiesworldwidehasledtoeconomicinefficiency,socialdisruption,excessiveenergyconsumptionandincreasedlevelsofpollution.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatthemitigationoftheseproblemsrequiresefficientprovisionandutilizationofpublictransportationsystems.Thishasbecomeanimportantissueoflongstandinginteresttoeconomistsandtransportationscientists.Intheendof1960s,scholarsstartedtoderivetheoptimalinterstationspacingsofarapidtransitsystemwhichtransportedthepopulationofanareatoonecentralpoint,aimingatminimizingthetotaltraveltime(VuchicandNewell,1968)ormaximizingthenumberofpassengers(Vuchic,1969).………….…………….Thelateststudiesconcerningthetransitsystemmodeling,analysesandmanagementcanbefoundinareviewpaperbyDeCeaandFernandez(2023)andabookbyVuchic(2023).IntroductionOnlyverylimitedattentionhasbeenpaidtotheproblemofcommuters’departuretimechoiceforurbanmasstransitservices.Sumietal.(1990)presentedastochasticmodelforoptimizingthecommuters’departuretimeandroutechoicesinamasstransitsystem.Theyassumedthatdeparturetimeismainlydependentonthesystem’soperationalfeaturesandthetravelers’appointedtimeofarrivalatthedestination.AlfaandChen(1995)examinedapublictransportationsystemwithmultipleoriginsanddestinationsandproposedanalgorithmforcalculatingthepeak-hourdeparturetimeofcommuters,wherecommutersrideonthefirstcomingbusinarandomorder.Recently,KrausandYoshida(2023)andKraus(2023)providedeconomicanalysesaboutthecommuters’time-of-usedecision,theoptimalpricingandtheserviceinanurbanmasstransitsystem.Intheiranalyses,apartfromthefarecomponent,……………..Theabovestudiesconsideredthecapacityconstraintsoftransitsystemsandassumedthatifthenumberofcommuterswaitingatatransitstopexceedsthenumberofvacantseatsontheforthcomingtransitrun,thensomecommuterswillhavetowaitforthenextrun.However,thisassumptionisnotalwaysvalidinsomemetrosystems.…………..IntroductionThereexistsacommonfeatureinsuchlargecitiesasBeijing,HongKong,London,NewYork,Moscowandothers,thatduringpeakperiod,somecommuterscontinuetoboardthetrainsalthoughtheyhavetostandinseriouslycrowdedvehicles.InBeijing,fortransportingmorecommuterstheauthorityevendeliberatelycutsdownthenumberofseatsforeachtransitvehicle.ThenumberofseatsprovidedineachtrainoftheBeijingNo.13railwaylineis96only,butthemaximalnumberofpassengersallowedtoboardis944(thephysicalcapacity).……….Wealsoobservedthatcommutersarenotwillingtowaitatplatformsforaperiodthatislongerthantwoscheduledheadways,butchangetheirarrivaltimesatplatformswhenthein-vehiclecrowdingisextremelyserious.Itisthusinterestingtodevelopamodelingapproachthatcanconsiderthestanding-upphenomenaandthein-vehiclecrowdingeffect.Huangetal.(2023)introducedacrowdingcostfunctionformodelingurbanmasstransitservices,i.e.,Inthispaper,weinvestigatetheequilibriumpropertiesofthepeak-periodcommutinginamasstransitsystemwithmultipleoriginsandasingledestination.……..Notethatthemodelproposedinthispaperisformulatedfromthecommuters’pointofview,i.e.,basedonminimizingtheirowntravelcosts.Anothermodelingapproachthatkeepstothestandoftransitoperator’spointofviewcanbefoundinVuchic(2023).Thepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2introducestheproblemsettingandformulatesanequivalentmathematicalprogrammingmodel.InSection3,we…….MaterialsandMethodsClearsubheadingsformethods/materials（子标题）Describemethodsinthepasttense（用过去时态）Novelmethodsmustbedescribedinsufficientdetailforacapableresearchertoreproducetheexperiment（新措施必须充分描述，便于反复）DescribeanystatisticaltestsusedEstablishedmethodscanbereferenced（提供已经有措施旳参照）Results---Whatdidyoufind?Assembleyourfindingsinalogicalorderto‘makeastory’Presentyourfindingsinsubsections(thesameasthoseinyourmethodssection)（分环节陈说）Presentcomplementaryevidencewhenpossible（补充论据）Describeresultsinthepasttense（过去时态）Refertofiguresandtablesinthepresenttense（图表用目前时）Donotdiscussimplications—dothatinthediscussionsectionDonotduplicatedataamongfigures,tablesandtext（不要反复论述图表已经有数字）Showtheresultsofstatisticalanalyses,(e.g.,pvalues)inthetext（统计分析成果）Figures,tablesFigures,tablesFigures,tablesFigures,tablesFigures,tablesFigures,tablesStatisticsToday,fewprofessionalactivitiesareuntouchedbystatisticalthinking,andmostacademicdisciplinesuseittoagreaterorlesserdegree…Statisticalthinkingisawayofrecognizingthatourobservationsoftheworldcanneverbetotallyaccurate;theyarealwayssomewhatuncertain.StatisticsDiscussionRestateyourresearchquestionand/oranyhypothesespresentedintheintroductionSummarizeyourmainfindings—makeitclearhowyourstudyhasadvancedthefieldBeginwithyourmostimportantfindingPasttensetodescriberesults(currentandpublished)PresenttensetodescribetheirimplicationsMinimizerepetitionwithothersectionsDescribeinconsistencieswithotherpapersDescribethelimitationsofyourstudyDiscussionDiscussionConclusionsRestatekeyfindingsandtheirsignificanceProposefuturestudiesthatmightfollowonfromyourcurrentstudyGivethereadera‘take-home’messageAcknowledgmentsYourchancetoacknowledgeanyonewhohashelpedwiththestudy:IndividualswhodidnotqualifyforauthorshipbasedonICMJEcriteriaAnyresearchersthatsuppliedmaterialsorreagentsAnyonewhoprovidedtechnicalassistanceAnyonewhohelpedwiththepreparationofthemanuscriptorprovidedacriticalassessmentofitFundingbodiesStatewhyeachindividualisbeingacknowledgedReferences目录IntroductionABPreparationsbeforewritingCManuscriptstructureDTipsforgettingacceptedCoverlettersCoverlettersCoverlettersGeneralrulesforcoverletters:AddresstotheeditorpersonallyBeginbygivingyourmanuscripttitleandpublicationtypeGiveabriefbackground,rationaleanddescriptionofresultsExplainwhyyourfindingsareimportantandwhytheywouldbeofinteresttothejournal’stargetaudienceConsultthejournal’sGuideforAuthorsforcoverletterrequirements(e.g.,disclosures,statements,potentialreviewers)GivecorrespondingauthordetailsCoverlettersReviewersRecommendYourworksupportstheirhypothesesandideasYourresearchbuildsontheirworkInternationalcollaboratorsinthesamefieldExcludeResearchersworkingonthesameresearchquestionYourstudyrefutestheirworkThefindingsinyourmanuscriptareareoppositetotheirfindingsorideasProfessorWayneK.TalleyTR-PartE,Editor-in-ChiefDepartmentofEconomicsCollegeofBusinessandPublicAdministrationOldDominionUniversity,Norfolk,VA23529-0221,USASeptember20,2023PaperSubmissionforPossiblePublicationinTransportationResearchPartEDearProfessorTalley,Attachedpleasefindthepaper“Equilibriumbusridingbehaviorinmorningrushhourandsystemconfigurationforprovidingbusservices”byHai-JunHuang,QiongTian,HaiYangand