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阅读理解专题之“七选五”解题步骤与技巧
Learningaimandimportance:1.学习目标:提高“七选五”做题能力.
2.学习重点:考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构及上下文的理解和掌握.一考纲解读:主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解。二命题规律及考查趋势2016年的高考将继续以说明文为主,议论文为辅。对细节和主题句的考察为七选五的考察重点。考点(全是说明文)
题量分布2011课标、全国12012课标、全国12013课标、全国12014课标、全国12015课标、全国1主题句20022过渡句11111细节24422体验高考新题型:(7分钟)
定时完成【2015新课标全国卷•七选五】观察一下所填的这五个空,试着说出你选这个答案的依据。
Discussing(2’)
◆Checktheanswers36.B37.E38.A39.C40.G
◆
Pleasediscussthequestionsingroups,eachgroupshoulddiscussonequestion:group1talkaboutquestion1,group2talkaboutquestion2….andsoon.◆Theneachgroupchoosearepresentative(代表)tostatewhyyouchoosethisanswer.分析新题型【2015新课标全国卷•七选五】
BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgain
Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.
36.
Thatisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.B.
Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.递进关系因果关系近义暗示指代关系细节分析新题型【2015新课标全国卷•七选五】
Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.
37It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetthere.E.
They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbearto
let
ithappenagain.
因果关系因果关系细节人称照应
38
Having
confidence
in
yourself
will
help
you
make
better
choices
because
you
can
see
what
the
best
outcome
would
be
for
your
well-being.
A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.近义暗示分析新题型【2015新课标全国卷•七选五】主题句…wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetthere.暗示常用祈使句
39
If
you’ve
been
betrayed,
you
are
the
victim
of
your
circumstance.
But
there’s
a
difference
between
being
a
victim
and
living
with
a
“victim
mentality”.
At
some
point
in
all
of
our
lives,
we’ll
have
our
trust
tested
or
violated.
近义暗示同词复现分析新题型【2015新课标全国卷•七选五】C.
Stop
regarding
yourself
as
the
victim.
主题句A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.句式照应Youdidn’tlose“everything”.Oncetrustislost,whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle,lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallthegoodinyourlife.40Instead,it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.转折关系分析新题型【2015新课标全国卷•七选五】G.
Seeing
the
positive
side
of
things
doesn’t
mean
you’re
ignoring
what
happened.
同词复现同一范畴的词/同一领域的词过渡句Summary(总结)七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧:◆速读全文,关注每段首尾句,了解大意知主题◆浏览选项,理解全篇逻辑关系,找出关键词推断解题◆词汇复现法(利用同义词、近义词、反义词关系解题)◆利用代词、冠词的暗示◆利用同一范畴或领域的词的关系
◆理清结构与逻辑关系,确定答案Group1词汇复现法
复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要是指主要是指同词(同源词)复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。Ex1:词汇复现(同词复现)(2014全国卷Ⅰ)
Truecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38
thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?
Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.__________Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.(2014·新课标I)D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?
causeandeffect因果同词复现/代词线索Ex1:词汇复现(同词复现)(2014全国卷Ⅰ)
Truecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38
thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?Ex2:词汇复现(反义词复现)(2012辽宁卷)
Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage….D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.Group2逻辑关系线索
法
Ex3:逻辑关系线索
(2012辽宁卷)
Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.(因果关系)E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.逻辑关系线索法EX3.
因果关系:
so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等;(2013全国卷Ⅰ)Ex4:Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit(利润)—thatis,theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.
71
Commonlycallednonprofits,theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders.C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmayhospitals.D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.转折与让步关系逻辑关系线索法however,nevertheless,though,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary,otherwise,while,ratherthan,evenif,despite,fortunately等。转折与让步关系:Ex5:
Mostpeoplefailtorealizethatsharkattacksdon’thappenoften.Humansaremorelikelytobekilledbylightningthanbyashark.2There,kidscanlearn,fromanearlyage,nottofearsharks.
E.Andtomakethispointclear,themuseumhassetupaspecialtouchingpoolforchildren.F.Morethanhalfofthesharkscaughtaresmallerthan1meterlong.G.Sharkscansmellandtasteblood,andtraceitbacktoitssource.并列与递进关系逻辑关系线索法并列与递进关系:
and,also,further,moreover,what’smore,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso,firstly,secondly,thirdly….等;it可指代单数名词或整个句子;they或them指代复数名词;one指代单数可数名词;that指代不可数名词或句子;this指代单数名词或句子;these或those指代前句的复数名词。Group3代词线索
英语表达中代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。Ex6:代词线索
(2012全国课标卷)Trytakingthesefoursteps.thenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talkto“trustedadult,suchas“parentorotherrelatives.72Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.Ex7:TheColosseum(角斗场)inRomewasbuiltduringthetimeoftheRomanEmpire,inthefirstcenturyA.D71Itisapopulartouristattractiontoday.A.Itcouldseatabout50,000people,whowenttoseefightsbetweenanimalsandpeople.B.Thecountryusedtodependonagriculture.C.Italyhasseveralislandsoffthecoast.Group4根据空格所在位置(文章的整体内容和结构)确定不同的解题策略
空格为段落标题
(2013辽宁卷)●74Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender’spointofview.C.
Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.D.
Trytoseethingsfromyouoffender’sangle.E.
Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.空格在段中
(2014全国卷Ⅰ)…..Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.39“Whydoyouthinkshe’sthinking?”“canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface?”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou,howwouldyoufeel?”.E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.
F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinst
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